New Insights into Lignin Modification During Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching Sequences (II): Modifications in Extraction (E) and Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching (D₁)

References

• Reeve , D. W. 1996 . “ Chemistry of chemical pulp bleaching ” . In Pulp Bleaching: Principles and Practice Edited by: Dence , C. W. and Reeve , D. W. Atlanta : TAPPI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Reeve , D. W. 1996 . “ Chlorine dioxide in delignification ” . In Pulp Bleaching: Principles and Practice Edited by: Dence , C. W. and Reeve , D. W. Atlanta : TAPPI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Berry , R. 1996 . “ (Oxidative) alkaline extraction ” . In Pulp Bleaching: Principles and Practice Edited by: Dence , C. W. and Reeve , D. W. Atlanta : TAPPI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gierer , J. 1990 . Basic principles of bleaching—part I . Holzforschung , 44 ( 5 ) : 387
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gierer , J. 1990 . Basic principles of bleaching—part II . Holzforschung , 44 ( 5 ) : 395
   Google Scholar
• Brage , C. , Eriksson , T. and Gierer , G. 1991 . Reactions of chlorine dioxide with lignins in unbleached pulps . Parts I and II. Holzforschung , 45 ( 1 ) : 23 and Holzforschung 1991, 45 (2), 147
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKague , A. B. , Reeve , D. W. and Xi , F. 1995 . Reaction of lignin model compounds sequentially with chlorine dioxide and sodium hydroxide . Nord. Pulp Paper Res. J. , 2 : 114 and references cited therein
   Google Scholar
• Ni , Y. , Shen , X. and van Heiningen , A. R.P. 1994 . Studies on the reactions of phenolic and non‐phenolic lignin model compounds with chlorine dioxide . J. Wood Chem. Technol. , 14 ( 2 ) : 243
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brogdon , B. N. , Dimmel , D. R. and McDonough , T. J. 1997 . The influence of the bleaching medium on caustic extraction efficiency (I): the role of fiber swelling . J. Pulp Paper Sci. , 23 ( 10 ) : 499
   Google Scholar
• Brogdon , B. N. , Dimmel , D. R. and McDonough , T. J. 1999 . The influence of the bleaching medium on caustic extraction efficiency (II): oxidized lignin solubility . J. Wood Chem. Technol. , 19 ( 4 ) : 307
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brogdon , B. N. , Dimmel , D. R. and McDonough , T. J. 1996 . “ Physico‐chemical processes limiting lignin removal during bleaching extraction ” . In Further Advances in the Forest Products Industries Edited by: Hart , P. W. 52 New York : AIChE .
   Google Scholar
• Baum , G. 1996 . Paper Industry Research Needs Workshop Edited by: Baum , G. Atlanta : TAPPI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brogdon , B. , Mancosky , D. and Lucia , L. 2004 . New insights into lignin modification during chorine dioxide bleaching sequences (I): chlorine dioxide delignification . J. Wood Chem. Technol. , 24 : 201 [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chirat , C. , Lachenal , D. and Morthra , G. 2000 . “ ClO2 splitting in chlorine dioxide delignification ” . In 2000 TAPPI Pulping Conference Atlanta : TAPPI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Berry , R. M. and Fleming , B. I. 1987 . Why do chlorine and extraction fail to delignify unbleached kraft pulp completely? . Holzforschung , 41 ( 3 ) : 177
   Google Scholar
• Berry , R. M. and Fleming , B. I. 1987 . Rapid chlorination at ambient temperature with repeated chlorination and extraction . Paperi ja Puu , 69 ( 3 ) : 263
   Google Scholar
• Vilen , E. J. , McKague , A. B. and Reeve , D. W. 2000 . Quantification of muconic acid‐type structures in high molecular weight material from bleach plant effluents . Holzforschung , 54 ( 3 ) : 175 [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilen , E. J. , McKague , A. B. and Reeve , D. W. 1996 . Identification of muconic acids in bleach plant effluent . Holzforschung , 50 ( 6 ) : 575
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Runge , T. and Ragauskas , A. 1999 . NMR analysis of oxidative alkaline extraction stage lignins . Holzforschung , 53 ( 6 ) : 623 [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zawadzki , M. and Ragauskas , A. 1999 . “ Pulp properties influencing oxygen delignification bleachability ” . In 1999 TAPPI Pulping Conference 323 Atlanta : TAPPI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zawadzki , M. , Runge , T. and Ragauskas , A. 2000 . Facile Detection of ortho‐ and para‐quinone structures in residual kraft lignin by 31P‐NMR Spectroscopy . J. Pulp Paper Sci. , 26 ( 3 ) : 102
   Google Scholar
• Simson , B. , Ayers , J. , Schwab , G. , Galley , M. and Dence , C. 1978 . Reactions of o‐benzoquinones in aqueous media . Tappi J. , 61 ( 7 ) : 41
   Google Scholar
• Lindsey , A. S. 1974 . “ Polymeric quinones ” . In The Chemistry of Quinonoid Compounds. Part II Edited by: Patai , S. New York : John Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Abbot , J. 1995 . Reactions of ortho‐quinones and the model compound 4‐t‐butyl‐1,2‐benzoquinone in alkaline peroxide . Res. Chem. Intermed. , 21 ( 3–5 ) : 535
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone , T. J. and Waters , W. A. 1965 . Aryloxy‐radicals. Part IV. Electron spin resonance spectra of some ortho‐monobenzosemiquinones and secondary radicals derived therefrom . J. Chem. Phys. , 33 : 1488
   Google Scholar
• Fitzpatrick , J. D. and Steelink , S. 1972 . The origin of the paramagnetic species in lignin solutions. Autoreduction of 2,6‐dimethoxybenzoquinone and related quinones to radical anions in alkaline solutions . J. Org. Chem. , 37 ( 5 ) : 762
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eigen , M. and Matthies , P. 1961 . über Kinetik und Mechanismus der Primärreaktionen der Zersetzung von Chinon in Alkalischer Lösung . Chem. Ber. , 94 : 3309 (in German)
   Google Scholar
• Finley , K. T. 1974 . “ The addition and substitution chemistry of quinones ” . In The Chemistry of Quinonoid Compounds. Part II Edited by: Patai , S. New York : John Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Dressler , H. and Holter , S. N. 1982 . “ Polyhydroxybenzenes ” . In Kirk‐Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology Vol. 18 , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Hoigné , J. and Bader , H. 1994 . Kinetics of reactions of chlorine dioxide in water—I. Rate constants for inorganic and organic compounds . Water Res. , 28 ( 1 ) : 45 [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindgren , B. O. 1971 . Chlorine dioxide and chlorite oxidations of phenols related to lignin . Svensk Papperstidning. , 74 ( 3 ) : 57
   Google Scholar
• Brogdon , B. N. 2001 . Influence of oxidized lignin structures from chlorine dioxide delignified pulps on the kappa number test . J. Pulp Paper Sci. , 27 ( 11 ) : 364
   Google Scholar
• Brogdon , B. , Mancosky , D. and Lucia , L. 2001 . “ Acidic peroxide delignification of softwood kraft pulps catalyzed by molybdenum‐ and tungsten‐based polyoxometalates ” . In 2001 TAPPI Pulping Conference Atlanta : TAPPI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Li , J. and Gellerstedt , G. 1998 . On the structural significance of the kappa number measurement . Nord. Pulp Paper Res. J. , 13 ( 2 ) : 153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , J. and Gellerstedt , G. 1998 . Kinetics and mechanism of kappa number determination . Nord. Pulp Paper Res. J. , 13 ( 2 ) : 147
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai , Y.‐Z. , Guo , X.‐P. and Situ , W. 1990 . Estimation of phenolic hydroxyl groups in wood by a periodate oxidation method . J. Wood Chem. Technol. , 10 ( 3 ) : 365
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furman , G. S. Jr. June 1986 . The Contribution of Charge‐Transfer Complexes to the Color of Kraft Lignins June , Institute of Paper Chemistry: Appleton . Ph.D. Dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Sun , Y. and Argyropoulos , D. 1996 . A comparison of the reactivity and efficiency of ozone, chlorine dioxide, dimethyldioxirane and hydrogen peroxide with residual kraft lignin . Holzforschung , 50 ( 2 ) : 175
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ni , Y. , Kubes , G. and van Heiningen , A. 1995 . Characterization of pulp demethylation during chlorine dioxide bleaching . Wood Sci. Technol. , 29 : 87 [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Ni , Y. , Kubes , G. J. and van Heiningen , A. R.P. 1995 . Development of phenolic lignin during ClO2 bleaching of kraft pulps . J. Wood Chem. Technol. , 15 ( 1 ) : 153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zawadzki , M. August 1999 . “ Quantitative Determination of Quinone Chromophore Changes during ECF Bleaching of Kraft Pulp ” . August , Atlanta : Institute of Paper Science and Technology . Ph.D. Dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Vilen , E. , Reeve , D. W. and McKague , A. B. 1995 . Reaction of lignin model compounds sequentially with pulp bleaching chemicals. Reactions of 4‐methylcatechol with chlorine dioxide . Nord. Pulp Paper Res. J. , 2 : 119
   Google Scholar
• Wajon , J. E. , Rosenblatt , D. H. and Burrows , E. P. 1982 . Oxidation of phenol and hydroquinone by chlorine dioxide . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 16 ( 7 ) : 369
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masschelein , W. J. and Rice , R. G. 1979 . “ Reactions with organic compounds ” . In Chlorine Dioxide: Chemistry and Environmental Impact of Oxychlorine Compounds Edited by: Masschelein , W. J. and Rice , R. G. Ann Arbor : Ann Arbor Science Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Lachenal , D. and Chirat , C. 1999 . “ About the efficiencies of the most common bleaching agents ” . In 1999 TAPPI Pulping Conference 623 Atlanta : TAPPI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brogdon , B. , Mancosky , D. and Lucia , L. June 9–12 2003 . “ New insights into lignin modification during chorine dioxide bleaching sequences (III): modifications in (EO) vs. E stages ” . In 12th Int'l. Symp. on Wood and Pulping Chem. Vol. 1 , June 9–12 , 57 Madison, WI
   Google Scholar
• Brogdon , B. N. , Dimmel , D. R. and McDonough , T. J. 2001 . Bleachability of kraft pulps treated by ethanol‐based chlorine dioxide delignification sequences . J. Wood Chem. Technol. , 21 ( 2 ) : 299 [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Vuorinen , T. , Fagerström , P. , Räsänen , E. , Vikkula , A. , Henricson , K. and Teleman , A. June 9–12 1997 . “ Selective hydrolysis of hexeneuronic acid groups opens new possibilities for development of bleaching processes ” . In 19th Int'l. Symp. on Wood and Pulping Chem Vol. 1 , June 9–12 , M4 – 1 . Montréal, Québec : CPPA .
   Google Scholar
• Brogdon , B. N. , Dimmel , D. R. and McDonough , T. J. 2001 . The influence of the bleaching medium on chlorine dioxide delignification . J. Wood Chem. Technol. , 21 ( 2 ) : 143 [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar