References
- Abramov I, Gordon J. Color appearance: on seeing red, or yellow, or green, or blue. Ann. Rev. Psychol. 1994; 45: 451–85
- Abramov I, Gordon J, Chan H. Color appearance in the peripheral retina: effects of stimulus size. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1991; 8: 404–14
- Albrecht D G, Farrar S B, Hamilton D B. Spatial contrast adaptation characteristics of neurones recorded in the cat's visual cortex. J. Physiol. 1984; 347: 713–39
- Albrecht D G, Hamilton D B. Striate cortex of monkey and cat: contrast response function. J. Neurophysiol. 1982; 48: 217–37
- Arend L E. How much does illuminant color affect unattributed colors?. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1993; 10: 2134–47
- Atick J J. Could information theory provide an ecological theory of sensory processing?. Network: Comput. Neural Syst. 1992; 3: 213–51
- Atick J J, Li Z, Redlich A N. Understanding retinal color coding from first principles. Neural Comput. 1992; 4: 559–72
- Atick J J, Li Z, Redlich A N. What does post-adaptation color appearance reveal about cortical color representation?. Vision Res. 1993; 33: 123–9
- Barlow H B. Conditions for versatile learning, Helmholtz's unconscious inference, and the task of perception. Vision Res. 1990; 30: 1561–71
- Barlow H B . Dark and light adaptation: psychophysics. Handbook of Sensory Physiology, D Jameson, L M Hurvich. Springer, New York 1972; vol VII/4: 1–28
- Barlow H B. A theory about the functional role and synaptic mechanism of visual after-effects. Vision: Coding and Efficiency, C Blakemore. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1990; 363–75
- Barlow H B. What causes trichromacy? A theoretical analysis using comb-filtered spectra. Vision Res. 1982; 22: 636–44
- Barlow H B, Földiák P. Adaptation and decorrelation in the cortex. The Computing Neuron, R Durbin, C Miall, G J Mitchison. Addison-Wesley, Wokingham 1989; 54–72
- Barlow H B, MacLeod D I A, van Meeteren A. Adaptation to gratings: no compensatory advantages found. Vision Res. 1976; 16: 1043–5
- Baylor D A, Nunn B J, Schnapf J L. Spectral sensitivity of cones of the monkey. Macaca fascicularis, J. Physiol. 1987; 390: 145–60
- Benzschawel T, Guth S L. Post-receptor chromatic mechanisms revealed by flickering vs fused adaptation. Vision Res. 1982; 22: 69–75
- Blake R, Overton R, Lema-Stern S. Interocular transfer of visual aftereffects. J. Exp. Psychol. 1981; 7: 367–81
- Blakemore C, Campbell F W. On the existence of neurones in the human visual system selectively sensitive to the orientation and size of retinal images. J. Physiol. 1969; 203: 237–60
- Blakemore C, Muncey J P J, Ridley R M. Perceptual fading of a stabilized cortical image. Nature 1971; 233: 204–5
- Blakemore C, Sutton P. Size adaptation: a new aftereffect. Science 1969; 166: 245–7
- Bowmaker J K. Visual pigments, oil droplets and photoreceptors. Vision and Visual Dysfunction, vol 6 The Perception of Colour, P Gouras. Macmillan, London 1991; 108–27
- Boynton R M, Ikeda M, Stiles W S. Interactions among chromatic mechanisms as inferred from positive and negative increment thresholds. Vision Res. 1964; 4: 87–117
- Boynton R M, Kambe N. Chromatic difference steps of moderate size measured along theoretically critical axes. Color Res. Appl. 1980; 5: 13–23
- Braddick O, Campbell F W, Atkinson J. Channels in vision: basic aspects. Handbook of Sensory Physiology VIII, R Held, H W Leibowitz, H Teuber. Springer, Berlin 1978; 3–38
- Bradley A, Switkes E, De Valois K K. Orientation and spatial frequency selectivity of adaptation to color and luminance gratings. Vision Res. 1988; 28: 841–56
- Brainard D H. Cone contrast and opponent modulation color spaces. Human Color Vision, P Kaiser, R M B Boynton. Optical Society of America, Washington, DC 1996; 563–79
- Brainard D H, Wandell B A. Asymmetric color matching: how color appearance depends on the illuminant. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1992; 9: 1433–48
- Brown R O, MacLeod D I A. Induction and constancy for color saturation and achromatic contrast variance. Investig. Opthal. Visual Sci. (Suppl.) 1991; 27: 75
- Buchsbaum G, Gottschalk A. Trichromacy, opponent colours and optimum colour information transmission in the retina. Proc. R. Soc. B 1983; 220: 89–113
- Burkhardt D A. Synaptic feedback, depolarization, and color opponency in cone photoreceptors. Visual Neurosci. 1993; 10: 981–9
- Burns S A, Elsner A E, Pokorny J, Smith V C. The Abney effect: chromaticity of unique and other constant hues. Vision Res. 1984; 24: 479–89
- Burton G J, Moorhead I R. Color and spatial structure in natural scenes. Appl. Opt. 1987; 26: 157–70
- Chaparro A, Stromeyer C F, Chen G, Kronauer R E. Human cones appear to adapt at low light levels: measurements on the red-green detection mechanism. Vision Res. 1995; 35: 3103–18
- Chen B, MacLeod D I A, Stockman A. Improvement in human vision under bright light: grain or gain?. J. Physiol. 1987; 394: 41–66
- Chichilnisky E-J, Wandell B A. Photoreceptor sensitivity changes explain color appearance shifts induced by large uniform backgrounds in dichoptic matching. Vision Res. 1995; 35: 239–54
- Cicerone C M, Hayhoe M M, MacLeod D I A. The spread of adaptation in human foveal and parafoveal cone vision. Vision Res. 1990; 30: 1603–15
- Cohen J. Dependency of the spectral reflectance curves of the Munsell color chips. Psychonomic Sci. 1964; 1: 369–70
- Cole G R, Hine T, McIlhagga W. Detection mechanisms in L-, M-, and S-cone contrast space. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1993; 10: 38–51
- Curcio C A, Allen K A, Sloan K R, Lerea C L, Hurley J B, Klock I B, Milam A H. Distribution and morphology of human cone photoreceptors stained with anti-blue opsin. J. Comparat. Neurol. 1991; 312: 610–24
- Dacey D M, Lee B B, Stafford D K, Pokorny J, Smith V C. Horizontal cells of the primate retina: cone specificity without spectral opponency. Science 1996; 271: 656–9
- Dannemiller J L. Computational approaches to color constancy: adaptive and ontogenetic considerations. Psychol. Rev. 1989; 96: 255–66
- Dannemiller J L. Rank orderings of photoreceptor photon catches from natural objects are nearly illuminant-invariant. Vision Res. 1993; 33: 131–40
- De Valois R L, Abramov I, Jacobs G H. Analysis of response patterns of LGN cells. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1966; 56: 966–77
- De Valois R L, Albrecht D G, Thorell L G. Spatial frequency selectivity of cells in macaque visual cortex. Vision Res. 1982; 22: 545–59
- De Valois R L, De Valois K K. A multi-stage color model. Vision Res. 1993; 33: 1053–65
- De Valois R L, De Valois K K. Neural coding of color. Handbook of Perception, E C Carterette, M P Friedman. Academic, New York 1975; 5: 117–66
- Derrington A M, Krauskopf J, Lennie P. Chromatic mechanisms in lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque. J. Physiol. 1984; 357: 241–65
- Dodwell P C, Humphrey G K. A functional theory of the McCollough effect. Psychol. Rev. 1990; 97: 78–89
- Dong D W, Atick J J. Statistics of time-varying images. Network: Comput. Neural Syst. 1995; 6: 345–58
- D'Zmura M. Color in visual search. Vision Res. 1991; 31: 951–66
- D'Zmura M, Lennie P. Mechanisms of color constancy. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1986; 3: 1662–72
- Ejima Y, Takahashi S. Bezolde-Brücke hue shift and nonlinearity in opponent-color process. Vision Res. 1984; 24: 1897–904
- Elsner A. Hue difference contours can be used in processing orientation information. Perception Psychophys. 1978; 25: 451–6
- Fairchild M D, Reniff L. Time course of chromatic adaptation for color-appearance judgments. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1995; 12: 824–33
- Favreau O E, Cavanagh P. Color and luminance: independent frequency shifts. Science 1981; 212: 831–2
- Field D J. Relations between the statistics of natural images and the response properties of cortical cells. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1987; 4: 2379–94
- Fiorentini A, Baumgartner G, Magnussen S, Schiller P H, Thomas J P. The perception of brightness and darkness: relations to neuronal receptive fields. Visual Perception. The Neurophysiological Foundations, L Spillmann, J S Werner. Academic, San Diego, CA 1990; 129–61
- Flanagan P, Cavanagh P, Crassini B. McCollough effects for equiluminant gratings. Investig. Ophthal. Visual Sci. (Suppl.) 1989; 30: 130
- Flanagan P, Cavanagh P, Favreau O E. Independent orientation-selective mechanisms for the cardinal directions of color space. Vision Res. 1990; 30: 769–78
- Foster D H, Nascimento M C. Relational colour constancy from invariant cone-excitation ratios. Proc. R. Soc. B 1994; 257: 115–21
- Georgeson M A. The effect of spatial adaptation on perceived contrast. Spatial Vision 1985; 1: 103–12
- Gibson J J, Radner M. Adaptation after-effect and contrast in the perception of tilted lines. I. Quantitative studies. J. Exp. Psychol. 1937; 20: 453–67
- Gilinsky A S. Orientation-specific effects of patterns of adapting light on visual acuity. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1968; 58: 13–7
- Gouras P. Identification of cone mechanisms in monkey ganglion cells. J. Physiol. 1968; 199: 533–47
- Gouras P, Zrenner E. Color vision: a review from a neurophysiological perspective. Progress in Sensory Physiology, H Autrum, D Ottoson, E R Perl. Springer, Berlin 1981; 139–79
- Graham N. Visual Pattern Analyzers. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1989
- Greenlee M W, Georgeson M A, Magnussen S, Harris J P. The time course of adaptation to spatial contrast. Vision Res. 1991; 31: 223–36
- Greenlee M W, Heitger F. The functional role of contrast adaptation. Vision Res. 1988; 28: 791–7
- Guth S L. Hue shifts following flicker vs fused adaptation reveal initial opponent mechanisms. Investig. Ophthal. Visual Sci. (Suppl.) 1982; 22: 78
- Guth S L. Model for color vision and light adaptation. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1991; 8: 976–93
- Guth S L, Moxley J P. Hue shifts following differential postreceptor achromatic adaptation. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1982; 72: 301–3
- Hayhoe M, Wenderoth P. Adaptation mechanisms in color and brightness. From Pigments to Perception, A Valberg, B B Lee. Plenum, New York 1991; 353–67
- Hayhoe M M. Spatial interactions and models of adaptation. Vision Res. 1990; 30: 957–65
- Hayhoe M M, Levin M E, Koshel R J. Subtractive processes in light adaptation. Vision Res. 1992; 32: 323–33
- Hendley C D, Hecht S. The colors of natural objects and terrains, and their relation to visual color deficiency. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1949; 39: 870–3
- Hurvich L M, Jameson D. An opponent-process theory of color vision. Psychol. Rev. 1957; 64: 384–404
- Ingling C R, Martinez-Uriegas E. The relationship between spectral sensitivity and spatial sensitivity for the primate r-g X-channel. Vision Res. 1983; 23: 1495–500
- Jacobs G H. The distribution and nature of colour vision among the mammals. Biol. Rev. 1993; 68: 413–71
- Jacobs G H, Deegan J F, Neitz M, Neitz J. Presence of routine trichromatic color vision in new world monkeys. Investig. Ophthal. Vis. Sci. (Suppl.) 1996; 37, S346
- Jameson D, Hurvich L M. Color adaptation: sensitivity, contrast, after-images. Handbook of Sensory Physiol, D Jameson, L M Hurvich. Springer, New York 1972; vol VII/4
- Jordan G, Mollon J D. A study of women heterozygous for colour deficiencies. Vision Res. 1993; 33: 1495–508
- Judd D B, MacAdam D L, Wyszecki G. Spectral distribution of typical daylight as a function of correlated color temperature. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1964; 54: 1031–40
- Kelly D H. Spatiotemporal variation of chromatic and achromatic contrast thresholds. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1983; 73: 742–50
- King-Smith P E, Carden D. Luminance and opponent-color contributions to visual detection and adaptation and to temporal and spatial integration. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1976; 66: 709–17
- Kohler W, Wallach H. Figural aftereffects: an investigation of visual processes. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 1944; 88: 269–357
- Kortum P T, Geisler W S. Adaptation mechanisms in spatial vision-II. Flash thresholds and background adaptation. Vision Res. 1995; 35: 1595–609
- Krauskopf J, Gegenfurtner K. Color discrimination and adaptation. Vision Res. 1992; 32: 2165–75
- Krauskopf J, Williams D R, Heeley D W. Cardinal directions of color space. Vision Res. 1982; 22: 1123–31
- Krauskopf J, Williams D R, Mandler M B, Brown A M. Higher order color mechanisms. Vision Res. 1986; 26: 23–32
- Krauskopf J, Wu H-J, Farell B. Coherence, cardinal directions and higher-order mechanisms. Vision Res. 1996; 36: 1235–45
- Krauskopf J, Zaidi Q. Induced desensitization. Vision Res. 1986; 26: 759–62
- Krauskopf J, Zaidi Q, Mandler M B. Mechanisms of simultaneous color induction. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1986; 3: 1752–7
- Larimer J, Krantz D H, Cicerone C M. Opponent process additivity-II. Yellow/blue equilibria and nonlinear models. Vision Res. 1975; 15: 723–31
- Lee Grand Y. Les seuils différentials de couleurs dans la théories de Young. Rev. Opt. Théor. Instrum. 1949; 28: 261–78
- Lee B B, Martin P R, Valberg A. The physiological basis of heterochromatic flicker photometry demonstrated in ganglion cells of the macaque retina. J. Physiol. 1988; 404: 323–47
- Lee H-C (1990) A computational model for opponent color encoding. Advanced Printing of Conference Summaries, SPSE's 43rd Ann. Conf., Rochester, NY, May, 1990, 178–81
- Legge G E, Foley J M. Contrast masking in human vision. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1980; 70: 1458–69
- Lennie P, D'Zmura M. Mechanisms of color vision. CRC Critical Rev. Neurobiol. 1988; 3: 333–400
- Lennie P, Haake P W, Williams D R. The design of chromatically opponent receptive fields. Computational Models of Visual Processing, M S Landy, J A Movshon. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 1991; 71–82
- Lennie P, Krauskopf J, Sclar G. Chromatic mechanisms in striate cortex of macaque. J. Neurosci. 1990; 10: 649–69
- Lennie P, Pokorny J, Smith V C. Luminance. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1993; 10: 1283–93
- Livingstone M, Hubel D. Segregation of form, color, movement, and depth: anatomy, physiology, and perception. Science 1988; 240: 740–9
- Lythgoe J N, Partridge J C. Visual pigments and the acquisition of visual information. J. Exp. Biol. 1989; 146: 1–20
- Maattanen L M, Koenderink J J. Contrast adaptation and contrast gain control. Exp. Brain Res. 1991; 87: 205–12
- MacLeod D I A. Receptoral constraints on colour appearance. Central and Peripheral Mechanisms of Colour Vision, D Ottoson, S Zeki. Macmillan, London 1985; 103
- MacLeod D I A. Visual sensitivity. Ann. Rev. Psychol. 1978; 29: 613–45
- MacLeod D I A, Boynton R M. Chromaticity diagram showing cone excitation by stimuli of equal luminance. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1979; 69: 1183–6
- MacLeod D I A, Williams D R, Makous W. A visual nonlinearity fed by single cones. Vision Res. 1992; 32: 347–63
- Maffei L, Fiorentini A, Bisti S. Neural correlate of perceptual adaptation to gratings. Science 1973; 182: 1036–8
- Maloney L T. Evaluation of linear models of surface spectral reflectance with small numbers of parameters. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1986; 3: 1673–83
- McCollough C. Color adaptation of edge-detectors in the human visual system. Science 1965; 149: 1115–6
- Merbs S L, Nathans J. Absorption spectra of the human cone pigments. Nature 1992; 356: 433–5
- Merigan W H, Maunsell J H R. How parallel are the primate visual pathways. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 1993; 16: 369–402
- Mollon J D. J. Exp. Biol. 1989, ‘Tho’ she kneel'd in that place where they grew…'; 146: 21–38
- Moorhead I R. Human color vision and natural images. Inst. Elec. Radio Eng. Pub. 1985; 61: 21
- Mullen K T. The contrast sensitivity of human colour vision to red-green and blue-yellow chromatic gratings. J. Physiol. 1985; 359: 381–409
- Mullen K T, Kingdom F A A. Colour contrast and form perception. Vision and Visual Dysfunction 6: The Perception of Colour, P Gouras. Macmillan, London 1991; 198–217
- Nagle M G, Osorio D. The tuning of human photopigments may minimize red-green chromatic signals in natural conditions. Proc. R. Soc. B 1993; 252: 209–13
- Nagy A L, MacLeod D I A, Heyneman N E, Eisner A. Four cone pigments in women heterozygous for color deficiency. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1981; 71: 719–22
- Nagy A L, Sanchez R R. Critical color differences determined with a visual search task. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1990; 7: 1209–17
- Nathans J, Thomas D, Hogness D S. Molecular genetics of human color vision: the genes encoding blue, green, and red pigments. Science 1986; 232: 193–202
- Neitz J, Neitz M, Jacobs G H. More than three different cone pigments among people with normal color vision. Vision Res. 1993; 33: 117–122
- Neitz M, Neitz J. Numbers and ratios of visual pigment genes for normal red-green color vision. Science 1995; 267: 1013–6
- Ohzawa I, Sclar G, Freeman R D. Contrast gain control in the cat visual cortex. Nature 1982; 298: 266–8
- Osorio D, Bossomaier T R J. Human cone-pigment spectral sensitivities and the reflectances of natural surfaces. Biol. Cybernet. 1992; 67: 217–22
- Paradiso M A, Shimojo S, Nakayama K. Subjective contours, tilt aftereffects, and visual cortical organization. Vision Res. 1989; 29: 1205–13
- Poirson A B, Wandell B A. Pattern-color separable pathways predict sensitivity to simple colored patterns. Vision Res. 1996; 36: 515–26
- Pokorny J, Shevell S, Smith V C. Colour appearance and colour constancy. Vision and Visual Dysfunction 6: The Perception of Colour, P Gouras. Macmillan, London 1991
- Pokorny J, Smith V C. Evaluation of single-pigment shift model of anomalous trichromacy. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1977; 67: 1196–209
- Polyak S. The Vertebrate Visual System. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL 1957
- Pugh E N, Mollon J D. A theory of the pi1 and pi3 color mechanisms of Stiles. Vision Res. 1979; 19: 293–312
- Regan B C, Viénot F, Charles-Dominique P C, Pefferkorn S, Simmen B, Julliot C, Mollon J D. The colour signals that fruits present to primates. Investig. Ophthal. Visual Sci. (Suppl.) 1996; 37, S648
- Reid R C, Shapley R M. The spatial structure of cone inputs to receptive fields in primate lateral geniculate nucleus. Nature 1992; 356: 716–8
- Ross J, Speed H D, Morgan M J. The effects of adaptation and masking on incremental thresholds for contrast. Vision Res. 1993; 33: 2051–6
- Ruderman D L. The statistics of natural images. Network: Comput. Neural Syst. 1994; 5: 517–48
- Rushton W A H. Pigments and signals in color vision. J. Physiol. 1972; 220: 1–31P
- Sankeralli M J, Mullen K T. Estimation of the L-, M-, and S-cone weights of the postreceptoral detection mechanisms. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1996; 13: 906–15
- Saul A B, Cynader M S. Adaptation in single units in visual cortex: the tuning of aftereffects in the spatial domain. Visual Neurosci. 1989; 2: 593–607
- Schiller P H, Logothetis N K. The color-opponent and broad-band channels of the primate visual system. Trends Neurosci. 1990; 13: 392–8
- Schnapf J L, Nunn B J, Meister M, Baylor D A. Visual transduction in the cones of the monkey Macaca fascicularis. J. Physiol. 1990; 427: 681–713
- Sclar G, Lennie P, DePriest D D. Contrast adaptation in striate cortex of macaque. Vision Res. 1989; 29: 747–55
- Seiple W, Holopigian K, Greenstein V, Hood D C. Temporal frequency dependent adaptation at the level of the outer retina in humans. Vision Res. 1992; 32: 2043–8
- Shapiro A, Zaidi Q. The effects of prolonged temporal modulation on the differential response of color mechanisms. Vision Res. 1992; 32: 2065–75
- Shapley R. Visual sensitivity and parallel retinocortical channels. Ann. Rev. Psychol. 1990; 41: 635–58
- Shapley R M, Enroth-Cugell C. Visual adaptation and retinal gain controls. Progress in Retinal Research 1984; vol 3: 263–343
- Shevell S K. The dual role of chromatic backgrounds in color perception. Vision Res. 1978; 18: 1649–61
- Shevell S K. Redness from short-wavelength-sensitive cones does not induce greenness. Vision Res. 1992; 32: 1551–6
- Smith V C, Pokorny J. Chromatic discrimination axes, CRT phosphor spectra, and individual variation in color vision. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1995; 12: 27–35
- Smith V C, Pokorny J. The design and use of a cone chromaticity space: a tutorial. Color Res. Appl. 1996; 21: 375–83
- Smith V C, Pokorny J. Spectral sensitivities of the foveal cone photopigments between 400 and 500 nm. Vision Res. 1975; 15: 161–71
- Sperling H G, Harwerth R S. Red-green cone interactions in the increment-threshold spectral sensitivity of primates. Science 1971; 172: 180–4
- Stiles W S. Adaptation, chromatic adaptation, colour transformation. Anal. Real Soc. Española Fis. Quimica 1961; 57: 149–75
- Stiles W S. Color vision: the approach through increment-threshold sensitivity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 1959; 45: 100–14
- Stockman A, MacLeod D I A, DePriest D D. The temporal properties of the human short-wave photoreceptors and their associated pathways. Vision Res. 1991; 31: 189–208
- Stockman A, MacLeod D I A, Johnson N E. Spectral sensitivities of the human cones. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1993; 10: 2491–521
- Stromeyer C F. Form-color aftereffects in human vision. Handbook of Sensory Physiol, H W R Held, H L Leibowitz, r Teube. Springer, New York 1978; vol VIII
- Stromeyer C F, Cole G R, Kronauer R E. Second-site adaptation in the red-green chromatic pathways. Vision Res. 1985; 25: 219–37
- Stromeyer C F, Eskew R T, Kronauer R E, Spillmann L. Temporal phase response of the short-wave cone signal for color and luminance. Vision Res. 1991; 31: 787–803
- Stromeyer C F, Kronauer R E, Madsen J C, Cohen M A. Spatial adaptation of short-wavelength pathways in humans. Science 1980; 207: 555–7
- Stromeyer C F, Lee J. Adaptational effects of short wave cone signals on red-green chromatic detection. Vision Res. 1988; 28: 931–40
- Stromeyer C F, Lee J, Eskew R T. Peripheral chromatic sensitivity for flashes: a post-receptoral red-green asymmetry. Vision Res. 1992; 32: 1865–73
- Svaetichin G, MacNichol E F. Retinal mechanisms for chromatic and achromatic vision. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1958; 74: 385–404
- Switkes E, Bradley A, De Valois K K. Contrast dependence and mechanisms of masking interactions among chromatic and luminance gratings. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1988; 5: 1149–62
- Thornton J E, Pugh E N. Red/green opponency at detection threshold. Science 1983; 219: 191–3
- Tolhurst D J, Tadmor Y, Chao T. Amplitude spectra of natural images. Ophthal. Physiol. Opt. 1992; 12: 229–32
- Troscianko T, Parraga C A, Brelstaff G, Carr D, Nelson K. Spatio-chromatic information content of natural scenes. Perception (Suppl.) 1996; 25: 47
- van Hateren J H, van der Schaaf A. Temporal properties of natural scenes. SPIE 1996; 2657: 139–43
- von Kries J. Festschrift der Albrecht-Ludwigs-Universität Fribourg 1902. Sources of Color Science, D L MacAdam. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 1970
- Walraven J, Enroth-Cugell C, Hood D C, MacLeod D I A, Schnapf J L. The control of visual sensitivity: receptoral and postreceptoral processes. Visual Perception the Neurophysiological Foundations, L Spillmann, J S Werner. Academic, San Diego, CA 1990; 53–101
- Wandell B A. Color measurement and discrimination. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1985; 2: 62–71
- Webster M, De Valois K K, Switkes E. Effect of contrast adaptation on color and luminance interactions. Investig. Opthal. Visual Sci. (Suppl.) 1987; 28: 214
- Webster M A, De Valois K K, Switkes E. Orientation and spatial-frequency discrimination for luminance and chromatic gratings. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1990; 7: 1034–49
- Webster M A, MacLeod D I A. Factors underlying individual differences in the color matches of normal observers. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1988; 5: 1722–35
- Webster M A, MacLin O H, Rees A L, Raker V E. Contrast adaptation and the spatial structure of natural images. Perception (Suppl.) 1996; 25: 47
- Webster M A, Miyahara E. Contrast adaptation to the spatial structure of natural images. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1996, submitted
- Webster M A, Mollon J D. Changes in colour appearance following post-receptoral adaptation. Nature 1991; 349: 235–8
- Webster M A, Mollon J D. Colour constancy influenced by contrast adaptation. Nature 1995; 373: 694–8
- Webster M A, Mollon J D. Contrast adaptation dissociates different measures of luminous efficiency. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1993; 10: 1332–40
- Webster M A, Mollon J D. The influence of contrast adaptation on color appearance. Vision Res. 1994; 34: 1993–2020
- Webster M A, Mollon J D. Motion minima for different directions in color space. Vision Res. 1996, at press
- Webster M A, Wade A, Mollon J D. Color in natural images and its implications for visual adaptation. Proc. SPIE 1996; 2657: 144–52
- Wei J, Shevell S K. Color appearance under chromatic adaptation varied along theoretically significant axes in color space. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1995; 12: 36–46
- Wenderickx J, Lindsey D T, Sanocki E, Teller D Y, Motulsky A G, Deeb S S. Polymorphism in red photopigment underlies variation in colour matching. Nature 1992; 356: 431–3
- Wenderoth P, Bray R, Johnstone S. Psychophysical evidence for an extrastriate contribution to a pattern-selective motion aftereffect. Perception 1988; 17: 81–91
- Whittle P, Challands P D C. The effect of background luminance on the brightness of flashes. Vision Res. 1969; 9: 1095–110
- Wiesel T N, Hubel D H. Spatial and chromatic interactions in the lateral geniculate body of the rhesus monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 1966; 29: 1115–56
- Wilson H R, Humanski R. Spatial frequency adaptation and contrast gain control. Vision Res. 1993; 33: 1133–49
- Wohlgemuth A. On the after-effect of seen movement. Brit. J. Psychol. Monograph Suppl. 1911; 1: 1–117
- Wyszecki G. Color appearance. Handbook of Perception and Human Performance, K Boff, L Kaufman, J Thomas. Wiley pp 9-1-57, New York 1986; 1
- Zaidi Q, Halevy D. Visual mechanisms that signal the direction of color changes. Vision Res. 1993; 33: 1037–51
- Zaidi Q, Shapiro A G. Adaptive orthogonalization of opponent-color signals. Biol. Cybernet. 1993; 69: 415–28
- Zrenner E. Neurophysiological Aspects of Color Vision in Primates. Springer, Berlin 1983