Bistatic scattering and depolarization by randomly rough surfaces: application to the natural rough surfaces in X-band

References

• Ogilvy , J A . 1991 . Theory of Wave Scattering from Random Rough Surfaces , Bristol : Hilger .
   Google Scholar
• Ulaby , F T , Moore , R K and Fung , A K . 1982 . Microwave Remote Sensing: Active and Passive , Vol. 2 , Reading, MA : Addison-Wesley .
   Google Scholar
• Ulaby , F T and Elachi , C . 1990 . Radar Polarimetry for Geoscience Applications , Norwood, MA : Artech House .
   Google Scholar
• Rice , S O . 1951 . Reflection of electromagnetic waves from slightly rough surfaces . Commun. Pure. Appl. Math. , 4 : 351 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khenchaf , A , Daout , F and Saillard , J . Polarization degradation in the sea surface environment . IEEE Proc. Oceans '95 . San Diego. Vol. 3 , sCA . pp. 1517 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Khenchaf , A , Daout , F and Saillard , J . The two-scale model for random rough surface scattering . Ft Lauderdale, FL. IEEE Supp. Proc. Oceans '96 , pp. 50 – 4 .
   Google Scholar
• Khenchaf , A . 1999 . “ The Brewster angle effect on sea surface scattering for near-grazing incidence ” . In IGARSS '99 (Hamburg, 28 June–2 July 1999)
   Google Scholar
• Khenchaf , A , Daout , F and Saillard , J . Bistatic polarized scattering by rough surface . March 21–3 1995 , Nantes. JIPR, 3rd Int. Workshop on Radar Polarimetry ,
   Google Scholar
• Broschat , S L , Thorsos , E I and Ishimaru , A . 1989 . The phase perturbation technique versus an exact numerical method for random rough surface scattering . J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. , 3 : 237 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishimaru , A . 1978 . Wave Propagation and Scattering in Random Media , New York : Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Sinclair , G . 1950 . The transmission and reception of elliptically polarized waves . Proc. IRE , 38 : 148 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Boerner , W M and Yan , W L . Introduction to radar polarimetry . 1st Workshop on Radar Polarimetry . University of Nantes .
   Google Scholar
• Mott , H . 1992 . Antennas for Radar and Communications: a Polarimetric Approach (Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical Engineering) , Edited by: K , Chang . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Ruck , G T , Barrick , D E , Stuart , W D and Krichbaum , C K . 1970 . Radar Cross-Section Handbook , Vol. 1 , New York : Plenum .
   Google Scholar
• Airiau , O , Khenchaf , A , Daout , F and Saillard , J . 1995 . Cross-polarized power return from random surface: application to the rough sea surface . Oceans '95 MTS/IEEE (San Diego, CA, October 9–12) ,
   Google Scholar
• Fung , A K and Chen , K S . 1992 . Dependence of the surface backscattering coefficients on roughness, frequency and polarization states . Int. J. Remote Sens. , 13 : 1663 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beckman , P and Spizzichino , A . 1963 . The Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves from Rough Surfaces , Oxford : Pergamon .
   Google Scholar
• Barrick , D E . 1968 . A review of scattering from surfaces with different roughness scales . Radio Sci. , 3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray , P S . 1972 . Broadband complex refractive indices of ice and water . Appl. Opt. , 11 : 1836 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appel , J R . 1990 . Principles of Ocean Physics, , 3rd print , London : Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Ozawa , Y and Kuroiwa , D . 1958 . “ Dielectric properties of ice, snow and supercooled water ” . In Microwave Propagation in Snowy Districts (Monograph Ser. Res. Inst. Appl. Electricity no 6) , Edited by: Y , Asami . 31 – 71 . Sapporo : Hokkaido University .
   Google Scholar
• Matsumoto , A and Nishitsuji , A A . 1971 . SHF and EHF Propagation in Snowy Districts (Monograph Ser. Res. Inst. Appl. Electricity no 19) , Edited by: Y , Asami . Sapporo : Hokkaido University .
   Google Scholar
• Fung , A K and Lee , K K . 1982 . A semi-empirical sea-spectrum model for scattering coefficient estimation . IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. , 7 : 166 – 76 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox , C and Munk , W . 1954 . Measurement of the roughness of the sea surface from photographs of sun glitter . J. Opt. Soc. Am. , 44 : 838 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Airiau , O and Khenchaf , A . 2000 . A methodology for modeling and simulating target echoes with a moving polarimetric bistatic radar . Radio Sci. , 35 : 773 – 83 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen , J and Maradudin , A . 1980 . Phys. Rev. B , 22 : 4234
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivanova , K , Michalev , M A and Yordanov , O I . 1990 . J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. , 4 : 41 – 414 .
   Google Scholar
• Ivanova , K , Michalev , M A and Yordanov , O I . 1991 . Numerical study of scattering by rough surfaces with intermediate and large scale roughness . Radio Sci. , 26 : 505 – 10 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oguchi , T . 1983 . Electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering in rain and other hydrometeors . Proc IEEE , 71 : 1029 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khenchaf , A and Airiau , A . 2000 . Bistatic radar moving returns from sea surface . IEICE Trans. Electron. , E83-C at press
   Google Scholar
• Cole , K S and Cole , R H . 1941 . Dispersion and absorption in dielectrics . J. Chem. Phys. , 9 : 341 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stogryn , A . 1971 . Equations for calculating the dielectric constant of saline water . IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. , 19 : 733 – 6 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein , L A and Swift , C T . 1977 . An improved model for the dielectric constant of sea water at microwave frequencies . IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. , 25 : 104 – 11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weyl , P . 1964 . On the change in electrical conductance of sea water with temperature . Limnol. Oceanogr. , 9 : 75 – 8 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar