References
- Anderson, J. R., L. M. Reder, and H. A. Simon. 1996. Situated learning and education. Educational Researcher 25(4): 5–11.
- Anderson, R. C., E. H. Hiebert, J. A. Scott, and I. A. G. Wilkinson. 1985. Becoming a nation of readers: Report of the Commission on Reading. Washington, DC: National Institute on Education.
- Bailey, C. 1984. Beyond the present and the particular. London: Routledge.
- Bailey, T. 1993. Can youth apprenticeship thrive in the United States? Educational Researcher 22(3): 4–10.
- Barton, P. E., and I. S. Kirsch. 1990. Workplace competencies: The need to improve literacy and employment readiness. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
- Bell, G. H. 1980. Industrial culture and the school: Some conceptual and practical issues in the school–industry debate. Journal of Philosophy of Education 14: 175–189.
- Berg, I. 1970. Education and jobs. New York: Praeger.
- Berlin, G., and A. Sum. 1988. Toward a more perfect union: Basic skills, poor families, and our economic future. New York: Ford Foundation.
- Bhola, H. S. 1987. Adult literacy for development in India. In National literacy campaigns: Historical and comparative perspectives, ed. R. F. Arnove and H. J. Graff, 245–267. New York: Plenum Press.
- Bowles, S., and H. Gintis. 1976. Schooling in capitalist America. New York: Basic Books.
- Brown, J. S., A. Collins, and P. Duguid. 1989. Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Educational Researcher 18(1): 32–42.
- Burghardt, F. F. 1987. Can the problem of illiteracy be solved? A view based on A.V.C. Edmonton’s adult basic education program. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 285 005)
- Carnevale, A. P., L. J. Gainer, and A. S. Meltzer. 1988. Workplace basics: The skills employers want. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor/American Society of Training and Development.
- Chall, J. S. 1987. Developing literacy … in children and adults. In The future of literacy in a changing world, ed. D. A. Wagner, 65–80. New York: Pergammon Press.
- Chall, J. S., E. Heron, and A. Hilferty. 1987. Adult literacy: New and enduring problems. Phi Delta Kappan 69(3): 190–196.
- Chisman, F. P. 1989. Jumpstart: The federal role in adult literacy. Southport, CT: South Institute of Policy Analysis.
- Chisman, F. P., and Associates. 1990. Leadership for literacy: The agenda for the 1990s. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Cognition and Technology Group at Vanderbilt. 1990. Anchored instruction and its relationship to situated cognition. Educational Researcher 17(5): 2–10.
- Commission on the Skills of the American Workforce. 1990. America’s choice: High skills or low wages. Rochester, NY: National Center on Education and the Economy.
- Conference Board. 1990. Literacy in the work force. New York: Author.
- Cornell, T. 1988. Characteristics of effective occupational literacy programs. Journal of Reading 31(7): 654–656.
- Dewey, J. 1916. Democracy and education. New York: Macmillan.
- Diehl, W. A., and L. Mikulecky. 1980. The nature of reading at work. Journal of Reading 24(3): 221–227.
- Diekhoff, G. M. 1988. An appraisal of adult literacy programs: Reading between the lines. Journal of Reading 31(7): 624–630. Epstein, E. H. 1992. Social paradoxes of American education. Oxford Review of Education 18(3): 201–212.
- Finkelstein, B. 1984. Education and the retreat from democracy in the United States, 1979–198?, Teachers’ College Record 86(2): 275–282.
- Finn, C. E. Jr. 1986. A fresh option for the non-college bound. Phi Delta Kappan 68(4): 234–238.
- Friere, P., and D. Macedo. 1987. Literacy: Reading the word and the world. South Hadley, MA: Bergin Garvey.
- Fueyo, J. M. 1988. Technical literacy versus critical literacy in adult basic education. Journal of Education 170: 107–118.
- Gee, J. P. 1989. What is literacy? Journal of Education 171(1): 18–25.
- Goldberger, S., and R. Kazis. 1996. Revitalizing high schools: What the School-to- Career Movement can contribute. Phi Delta Kappan 77(8): 547–554.
- Goldstein, T. 1995. “Nobody is talking bad.” In Gender articulated, ed. K. Hall and M. Bucholtz, 375–400. New York: Routledge.
- Gowen, S. G. 1992. The politics of workplace literacy: A case study. New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University.
- Graff, H. J. 1991. The literacy myth: Cultural integration and social structure in the nineteenth century. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
- Gray, K. 1991. Vocational education in the high school: A modern Phoenix? Phi Delta Kappan 72(6): 437–445.
- Gray, K. 1996. The baccalaureate game: Is it right for all teens? Phi Delta Kappan 77(8): 528–534.
- Greenberger, E. 1988. Working in teenage America. Work experience and psychological development through the life span, ed. J. T. Mortimer and K. M. Borman, 21–50. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
- Greene, M. 1991. The literacy debate and the public school: Going beyond the functional. Educational Horizons 69(3): 129–134, 164–168.
- Greeno, J. G., J. L. Moore, and D. R. Smith. 1993. Transfer of situated learning. In Transfer on trial: Intelligence, cognition, and instruction, ed. D. K. Detterman and R. J. Sternberg, 99–167, Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
- Gregson, J. A. 1994. From critical theory to critical practice: Transformative vocational classrooms. In Critical education for work, ed. R. D. Lakes, 161–180. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
- Grubb, W., G. Davis, J. Lum, J. Plihal, and C. Morgaine. 1991. The cunning hand, the cultured mind: Models for integrating vocational and academic education. Berkeley: National Center for Research in Vocational Education, University of California at Berkeley.
- Hamilton, S. F. 1987. Apprenticeship as a transition to adulthood in West Germany. American Journal of Education 95: 314–345.
- Hamilton, S. F. 1993. Prospects for an American-style youth apprenticeship system. Educational Researcher 22(3): 11–16.
- Hart, K. D. 1994. Understanding literacy in the Canadian business context: Conference Board of Canada Study. In Basic skills for the workplace, ed. M. C. Taylor, G. R. Lewe, and J. A. Draper, 2–32. Malabar, FL: Kreiger.
- Henard, D., P. Lloyd, and L. Mikulecky. 1992. A guidebook for developing workplace literacy programs. Indianapolis, IN: Office of Workforce Development.
- Hollenbeck, K. 1993. Classrooms in the workplace. Kalamazoo, MI: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
- Hull, G. 1993. Hearing other voices: A critical assessment of popular views on literacy and work. Harvard Educational Review 63: 20–49.
- Hunter, C. and D. Harman. 1979. Adult illiteracy in America. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Jones, P. C. 1994. Understanding basic workplace skills in a changing business environment. In Basic skills for the workplace, ed. M. C. Taylor, G. R. Lewe, and J. A. Draper, 33–49. Malabar, FL.: Kreiger.
- Jones, P. L. 1987. Teaching reading in the workplace. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 288 002)
- Jones, P. W. 1990. UNESCO and the politics of global literacy. Comparative Education Review 34(1): 41–60.
- Jurmo, P. 1994. Understanding lessons learned in employee basic skills efforts in the U.S.: No quick fix. In Basic skills in the workplace, ed. M. C. Taylor, G. R. Lewe, and J. A. Draper, 67–83. Malabar, FL: Kreiger.
- Kazemek, F. E. 1988. Necessary changes: Professional involvement in adult literacy programs. Comparative Education Review 58(4): 464–487.
- Kazemek, F. E. 1991. “In ignorance to view a small portion and think that all”: The false promise of job literacy. Journal of Education 173(1): 51–64.
- Kincheloe, J. L. 1995. Toil and trouble: Good work, smart workers, and the integration of academic and vocational education. New York: Peter Lang.
- Kirsch, I. S., A. Jungeblut, and A. Campbell. 1992. Beyond the school doors: The literacy needs of job seekers served by the U.S. Department of Labor. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor/Educational Testing Service.
- Kirsch, I. S., A. Jungeblut, L. Jenkins, and A. Kolstad. 1993. Adult literacy in America. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
- Kozol, J. 1985. Illiterate America. New York: Doubleday.
- Larkin, J. H. 1989. What kind of knowledge transfers? In Knowing, learning, and instruction: Essays in honor of Robert Glaser, ed. L. B. Resnick, 283–305. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Lave, J., and E. Wenger. 1991. Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Levin, H. 1990. The educationally disadvantaged are still among us. In Making schools work for underachieving minority students: Next steps for research, policy, and practice, ed. J. G. Bain and J. L. Herman, 3–11. New York: Greenwood Press.
- Lewis, T., and M. Griggs. 1995. Workplace literacy: Is there a role for vocational institutions? Berkeley: National Center for Research in Vocational Education, University of California at Berkeley.
- Limage, L. J. 1988. Prospects for adult literacy in a period of economic austerity. Comparative Education 24(1): 61–73.
- Limage, L. 1990. Adult literacy and basic education in Europe and North America: From recognition to provision. Comparative Education 26(1): 125–140.
- Lind, A., and A. Johnston. 1990. Adult literacy in the third world. Stockholm: Swedish International Development Agency.
- McCarthy, C. 1990. Race and curriculum: Social inequality and the theories and politics of difference in contemporary research on schooling. London: Falmer Press.
- McKeown, M. G., I. L. Beck, G. M. Sinatra, and J. A. Loxterman. 1992. The contribution of prior knowledge and coherent text to comprehension. Reading Research Quarterly 27(1): 79–93.
- Mikulecky, L. 1982. Job literacy: The relationship between school preparation and workplace actuality. Reading Research Quarterly 17(3): 400–419.
- Mikulecky, L. 1990a. Literacy for what purpose? In Toward defining literacy, ed. R. L.
- Venezky, D. A. Wagner, and B. S. Ciliberti, 24–38. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
- Mikulecky, L. 1990b. National adult literacy and lifelong learning goals. Phi Delta Kappan 72(4): 304–309.
- Mikulecky, L., and P. Lloyd. 1992. Evaluating the impact of workplace literacy programs. Bloomington: School of Education, Indiana University.
- Mikulecky, L., and D. Winchester. 1983. Job literacy and job performance among nurses at varying employment levels. Adult Education Quarterly 34(1): 1–15.
- Mundy, K. 1993. Toward a critical analysis of literacy in southern Africa. Comparative Education Review 37(4): 389–411.
- National Assessment of Vocational Education. 1994. Interim report to Congress. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
- National Commission on Excellence in Education. 1983. A nation at risk: The imperative for reform. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
- Oakes, J. 1985. Keeping track: How schools structure inequality. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- O’Connor, P. 1993. Workplace literacy in Australia: Competing agenda. In Knowledge, culture and power: International perspectives on literacy as policy and practice, ed. P. Freebody and A. Welsh, 187–208. London: Falmer Press.
- Ogbu, J. U. 1978. Minority education and caste: The American system in cross-cultural perspective. New York: Academic Press.
- Ogbu, J. U. 1983. Literacy and schooling in subordinate cultures: The case of black Americans. In Literacy in historical perspective, ed. D. P. Resnick, 129–153. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
- Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development. 1992. Adult illiteracy and economic performance readiness. Paris: Center for Educational Research and Innovation of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development. 1995. Literacy, economy, and society. Ontario: Statistics, Canada.
- Parnell, D. 1985. The neglected majority. Washington, DC: Community College Press.
- Pelavin Associates, Inc. 1991. A review of the National Workplace Literacy Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
- Perfetti, C. A. 1989. There are generalized abilities and one of them is reading. In Knowing, learning, and instruction: Essays in honor of Robert Glaser, ed. L. B. Resnick, 307–335.Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Perkins, D. N., and G. Salomon. 1988. Teaching for transfer. Educational Leadership 46(1): 22–32.
- Perkins, D. N., and G. Salomon. 1989. Are cognitive skills context-bound? Educational Researcher 18(1): 16–25.
- Pipan, R. C. 1989. Towards a curricular perspective of workplaces. In Socialization and learning at work, ed. H. Leymann and H. Kornbluth, 159–180. Brookfield, VT: Gower.
- Phillipi, J. W. 1988. Matching literacy to job training: Some applications from military programs. Journal of Reading 31(7): 658–666.
- Ray, C. A., and A. Mickelson, A. 1993. Restructuring students for restructured work: The economy, school reform, and non-college bound youths. Sociology of Education 66: 1–20.
- Rehm, M. L. 1989. Emancipatory vocational education: Pedagogy for the work of individuals and society. Journal of Education 171(3): 109–123.
- Rehm, M. L. 1994. Critical pedagogy and vocational education: A search for new metaphors. In Critical education for work, ed. R. D. Lakes, 143–160. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
- Resnick, L. B. 1987. Learning in school and out. Educational Researcher 16: 13–20.
- Resnick, L. B. 1990. Literacy in school and out. Daedalas 19(2): 169–185.
- Rifkin, J. 1995. The end of work: The decline of the global labor force and the dawn of the post-market era. New York: G. P. Putman’s Sons.
- Rosenstock, L. 1991. The walls come tumbling down: The overdue reunification of vocational and academic education. Phi Delta Kappan 72(6): 434–436.
- Rush, R. T., A. J. Moe, and R. L. Storlie. 1986. Occupational literacy education. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
- Sarmiento, A. 1991. Do workplace literacy programs promote high skills or low wages? Suggestions for future evaluations of workplace literacy programs. Labor Notes, July, 7–11.
- Sarmiento, A., and A. Kay. 1990. Worker-centered learning: A union-guide to workplace literacy.Washington, DC: AFL-CIO Human Resource Development Institute. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. 338 863)
- Secretary’s Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills. 1991. What work requires of schools: A SCANS report for America 2000. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor.
- Sekuler, R. 1986. Some things cognitive scientists say about literacy. In Toward a new understanding of literacy, ed. M. E. Wrolstad and D. F. Fisher, 70–79. New York: Praeger.
- Sharon, A. T. 1973–1974. What do adults read? Reading Research Quarterly 9(2): 148–169.
- Shultz, K. 1992. Training for basic skills or educating workers? Changing conceptions of workplace literacy programs. Berkeley: National Center for Research in Vocational Education, University of California at Berkeley.
- Singer, H., and D. Donlan. 1989. Reading and learning from text. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Stanovich, K. E. 1980. Toward an interactive-compensatory model of individual differences in the development of reading fluency. Reading Research Quarterly 16(1): 32–71.
- Stern, D., J. Stone, C. Hopkins, M. McMillion, and R. Crain. 1993. School-based enterprises: Productive learning in American schools. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Sternberg, R. J., and P. A. Frensch. 1993. Mechanisms of transfer. In Transfer on trial, ed. D. K. Detterman and R. J. Sternberg, 25–38. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
- Sticht, T. G. 1978. Literacy and vocational competence. Columbus: National Center for Research in Vocational Education, Ohio State University.
- Sticht, T. G. 1988–1989. Adult literacy education. Review of Research in Education 15: 59–96.
- Sticht, T. G. 1995. Functional Context Education for schoolplaces and workplaces. In What makes workers learn: The role of incentives in workplace education and training, ed. D. Hirsch and D. A. Wagner, 117–126. Cresskil, NJ: Hampton Press.
- Sticht, T. G., W. B. Armstrong, D. T. Hickey, and J. S. Caylor. 1987. Cast-off youth: Policy and training methods from the military experience. New York: Praeger.
- Sticht, T. G., and D. T. Hickey. 1991. Functional Context Theory, literacy, and electronics training. In Instruction: Theoretical and applied perspectives, ed. R. F. Dillon and J. W. Pellegrino, 82–106. New York: Praeger.
- Sticht, T. G., and L. Mikulecky. 1984. Job-related basic skills: Cases and conclusions. Columbus: National Center for Research in Vocational Education, Ohio State University. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 246 312)
- Taylor, M. C., G. R. Lewe, and J. A. Draper, eds. 1994. Basic skills for the workplace. Malabar, FL.: Kreiger.
- Thomas, A. M. 1990. Exemplary adult literacy programs and innovative practices in Canada. Victoria, BC: Ministry of Advanced Education, Training, and Technology.
- Thurow, L. 1992. Head to head: The coming economic battle among Japan, Europe, and America. New York: William Morrow.
- U.S. Department of Education. 1992. Workplace literacy: Reshaping the American workplace. Washington, DC: Author.
- U.S. General Accounting Office. 1990. Training strategies: Preparing non-college youth for employment in the U.S. and foreign countries. Washington, DC: Author. (GAO/ HRD 90–88)
- U.S. General Accounting Office. 1991. Transition from school to work: Linking education and worksite training. Washington, DC: Author. (GAO/HRD 91–105)
- U.S. General Accounting Office. 1995. Adult education—Measuring program results has been challenging. Washington, DC: Author. (GAO/HEHS 95–153)
- Walters, P. B. 1992. Who should be schooled? The politics of class, race, and ethnicity. In The political construction of education: The state, school expansion, and economic change, ed. B. Fuller and R. Rubinson, 173–187. New York: Praeger.
- West, R. F., K. E. Stanovich, and H. R. Mitchell. 1993. Reading in the real world and its correlates. Reading Research Quarterly 28(1): 35–50.
- Whitehead, A. N. 1932; 1950. The aims of education. London: Williams & Norgate.
- William T. Grant Foundation Commission on Work, Family, and Citizenship. 1988. The forgotten half: Non-college-bound youth in America. Washington, DC: Author.
- Willinsky, J. 1990. The new literacy: Redefining reading and writing in the schools. New York: Routledge.
- Zill, N., and M. Winglee. 1989. Who reads literature?Washington, DC: Seven Locks Press.
- Zuboff, S. 1988. In the age of the smart machine: The future of work and power. New York: Basic Books.