The Need for a Multivocal Approach to Researching and Managing Guam's World War II Underwater Cultural Heritage

References

• Applegate palmer, K., 2015, Preservation and Interpretation Plan for Seabee Junkyard, Guam. University of Guam Environmental Science Program unpublished report.
   Google Scholar
• Applegate palmer, K. and Jeffery, B., 2014, Seabee Junkyard: a holistic and locally inclusive approach to site management and interpretation, in H. Van Tilburg, H., S. Tripati, V. Walker vadillo, B. Fahy, B. and J. Kimura (eds), Proceedings of the 2014 Asia‐Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage, 1–15. http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1584 (accessed 30 January, 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Atalay, S., 2008, Multivocality and Indigenous Archaeologies, in J. Habu, C. Fawcett and J. M. Matsunaga (eds), Evaluating Multiple Narratives: Beyond Nationalist, Imperialist Archaeologies, 29–44. Springer‐Verlag, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Babauta, L., 2014, Beatings, murder, beheadings. http://www.guampedia.com/war-atrocities-other-atrocities/ (accessed 15 June 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Beardsley, C., 1980, Guam past and present. Rutland, Vermont.
   Google Scholar
• BYD, 1947, United States Department of the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks Building the Navy's Bases in World War II: History of the Bureau of Yards and Docks and the Civil Engineer Corps 1940–1946. Volume 2. US Government Printer, Washington. http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/Building_Bases/index.html#vol2 (accessed January 23, 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Cancun Travel, 2016, Cancun's Underwater Museum. http://cancun.travel/en/things-to-do/water-sports/cancuns-underwater-museum/ (accessed 15 June 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Carano, P. and Sanchez, P. C., 1992, A Complete history of Guam. Rutland, Vermont.
   Google Scholar
• Carrell, T., (ed.), 1991, Micronesia: Submerged Cultural Resources Assessment. Submerged Cultural Resources Unit, National Park Service, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
   Google Scholar
• Carson, M. T., 2014, First Settlement of Remote Oceania: earliest sites in the Mariana Islands. Springer, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Chabanet, P., Adjeroud, M., Andrefouet, S., Bozec, Y., Ferraris, J., Garcia‐charton, J. and Schrimm, M., 2005, Human‐induced physical disturbances and their indicators on coral reef habitats: A multi‐scale approach. Aquatic Living Resources 18, 215–230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CIA World Factbook, 2015, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gq.html (accessed 13 December 2015)
   Google Scholar
• Clyde, P., 1967, Japan's Pacific Mandate. Kennikat Press, Port Washington.
   Google Scholar
• Corey, V., 1968, Chronology of ships visiting Guam 1521–1898. Unpublished document. Micronesian Area Research Centre, University of Guam.
   Google Scholar
• Croizant, Col. V. J. USMC Ret., 1999a, Battle Honors of the Marine Amphibian VIII. The Glory Road. Amphibians on Parade. Marine Corp Gazette, November 1999: 107.
   Google Scholar
• Dampier, W., 1937, A New Voyage round the World. Adam & Charles Black, London. (Reprint of the 1927 edition of Dampier's original 1697 version and subsequent versions.)
   Google Scholar
• Dessez, L. A., 1946, Disposal of Government Property, Base Memorandum No. 53–46, 9 March 1946; Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps, Chief of Staff, Headquarters, Island Command, Guam, Box 1, Record Group 313; National Archives and Records Administration‐Pacific Region.
   Google Scholar
• Dixon, B., Gilda, L. and Mangieri, T., 2013. Archaeological Identification of Stone Fish‐weirs Mentioned to Freycinet in 1819 on the Island of Guam. The Journal of Pacific History 48.4, 349–368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Done, T. J., Dayton, P. K., Dayton, A. E. and Steger, R., 1991, Regional and local variability in recovery of shallow coral communities: Moorea, French Polynesia and central Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs, Vol. 9, 183–192.
   Google Scholar
• Drew, T., 2010, Solomon Islands, in UNESCO, Underwater Cultural Heritage in Oceania. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001887/188770e.pdf (accessed 13 September 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Driver, M. G., 1993, The Account of Fray Juan Pobre's Residence in the Marianas 1602. Micronesian Area Research Centre, Miscellaneous Series No 8. University of Guam
   Google Scholar
• Driver, M. G. and Brunal‐perry, O., 1998, Chronicle of the Mariana Islands: recorded in the Agaña Parish Church 1846–1899. MARC Educational Series No. 23. Micronesian Area Research Centre, University of Guam, Mangilao.
   Google Scholar
• Eyerman, J. R., 1945, Guam. Life, 2 July, 19.1, 63–75.
   Google Scholar
• Firth, S., 1989, Sovereignty and Independence in the Contemporary Pacific. The Contemporary Pacific, 1.1/2, 75–96.
   Google Scholar
• Flatman, J., 2003, Cultural biographies, cognitive landscapes and dirty old bits of boat: theory in maritime archaeology. IJNA 32.2, 143–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guam Courts, 2010, 21 GCA Real Property: Chapter 76 Historical Objects and Sites. http://www.guamcourts.org/compileroflaws/GCA/21gca/21gc076.PDF (accessed 15 July, 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Hammer, D. H., 1947, Lion Six. United States Naval Institute, Menasha, Wisconsin.
   Google Scholar
• Hodder, I., 2003, Archaeological Reflexivity and the ‘Local’ Voice. Anthropological Quarterly 76.1, 55–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodder, I., 2008, Multivocality and Social Archaeology, in J. Habu, C. Fawcett and J. M. Matsunaga (eds), Evaluating Multiple Narratives: Beyond Nationalist, Imperialist Archaeologies, 196–200. Springer‐Verlag, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Hermle, L. D., 1946, Disposal of Government Property, Base Memorandum No. 26–46, 26 January 1946; Brigadier General, U.S. Marine Corps, Deputy Island Commander, Headquarters, Island Command, Guam; Box 1, Record Group 313; National Archives and Records Administration‐Pacific.
   Google Scholar
• Hezel, F. X., 1988, From Conquest to Colonization: Spain in the Marianas, 1690–1740. Journal of Pacific History 23, 137–155.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hezel, F. X., 1995, Strangers in Their Own Land: A Century of Colonial Rule in the Caroline and Marshall Islands. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.
   Google Scholar
• Hezel, F. X., 2001, The New Shape of Old Island Cultures: A Half Century of Social Change in Micronesia. University of Hawaii Press., Honolulu, Hawaii
   Google Scholar
• Hunter‐anderson, R. L., 2013, Migration for Settlement of Home Range Expansion: what caused people to first come to the Marianas c.3,500 years ago? Paper presented at the 2nd Mariana History Conference, ‘One Archipelago, Many Stories: Integrating Our Narratives. August 30–31, 2013, University of Guam’, 1–22. https://issuu.com/guampedia/docs/mhc_history_bookpft (accessed 12/10/2016)
   Google Scholar
• ICOMOS, 1964, International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites: the Venice Charter. http://www.icomos.org/en/charters-and-texts (accessed 7 December 2015)
   Google Scholar
• Jeffery, B., 2003, War in Paradise. Chuuk Historic Preservation Office, Weno, Chuuk.
   Google Scholar
• Jeffery, B., 2004, World War II Shipwrecks in Truk Lagoon: the role of Interest Groups. CRM: The Journal of Heritage Stewardship 1.2, 51–67
   Google Scholar
• Jeffery, B., 2012a, Report on Guam's Maritime Archaeology Field Schools 2009–2012. Unpublished Report for Guam Preservation Trust, Hagåtña.
   Google Scholar
• Jeffery, B., 2012b, The future of Chuuk Lagoon's submerged World War II sites. Bulletin of the Australasian Institute for Maritime Archaeology, 36: 15–30.
   Google Scholar
• Jeffery, B., 2013, Concept Plan: Seabee Underwater Heritage Park, Guam. Unpublished Report for Guam Preservation Trust, Hagåtña.
   Google Scholar
• Jeffery, W. F., 2007, War graves, munition dumps and pleasure grounds: A post‐colonial perspective of Chuuk Lagoon's submerged WW II sites. Doctoral dissertation, James Cook University, Townsville. http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/2068/
   Google Scholar
• Jeffery, B. and Drew, T., 2007, Report on Surveys of Submerged and Maritime Archaeology Sites in Guam. Unpublished Report for Guam Historic Preservation Office, Hagåtña.
   Google Scholar
• Jeffery, B. and Moran, V., 2007, Report on the development of Guam's Submerged and Maritime Archaeology sites databases. Unpublished Report for Guam Historic Preservation Office, Hagåtña.
   Google Scholar
• Keith, M., 2004. A Model for Studying World War II‐Era LCMs in the Archaeological Record. Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations, Paper 3240. http:diginole.lib.fsu.edu (accessed 12 December 2013).
   Google Scholar
• Kimura, J., Jeffery, B., Ngirmang, S. and Emesiochel, C., 2015, Research on Good Practice in the Protection and Management of WWII‐Related Underwater Cultural Heritage in the Pacific Small Island States and Territories. Unpublished Report for UNESCO Apia.
   Google Scholar
• King, T. F., 2013, Cultural Resource Laws & Practice. AltaMira Press, Lanham.
   Google Scholar
• Mckinnon, J., 2014, Difficult Heritage: Interpreting Underwater Battlefield Sites, in D. A. Scott‐ireton (ed.), Between the Devil and the Deep, 173–187. Springer, New York
   Google Scholar
• Monfils, R., Gilbert, T. and Nawadra, S., 2006, Sunken WW II shipwrecks of the Pacific and East Asia: The need for regional collaboration to address the potential marine pollution threat. Ocean & Coastal Management 49, 779–788.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morison, S. E., 2001, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II: the rising sun in the Pacific: 1931–April 1942. University of Illinois Press.
   Google Scholar
• Muckelroy, K., 1978, Maritime archaeology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
   Google Scholar
• Murphy, S.J., 2014, WWII: Oral War Histories of the Chamorro people. http://www.guampedia.com/wwii-oral-war-histories-of-the-chamorro-people/ (accessed 15 July 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Parthesius, R. and Jeffery, B., 2012, Building country‐relevant programmes to support the implementation of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage 2001, in S.J. van Der linde, M. H. Van De Dries, N. Schlanger and C. G. Slappendel (eds), European Archaeology Abroad. Global Settings, Comparative Perspectives, 267–286. Leiden.
   Google Scholar
• Peattie, M. R., 1988, Nan'yō: The Rise and Fall of the Japanese in Micronesia, 1885–1945. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.
   Google Scholar
• Poyer, L., Falgout, S. and Carucci, L. M., 2001, The Typhoon of War: Micronesian experiences of the Pacific War. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.
   Google Scholar
• Rock, T., 1999, Guam and Yap: Diving and Snorkeling. Lonely Planet, Hawthorn, Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, R. F., 2011, Destiny's Landfall. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.
   Google Scholar
• Saunders, N. J., 2001, Matter and Memory in the Landscapes of Conflict: The Western Front 1914–1999, in B. Bender and M. Winer (eds), Contested Landscapes: Movement, Exile and Place. 37–54. Berg, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Scham, S.A., 2001, The Archaeology of the Disenfranchised. Journal of Archaeological Method, 8.2, 183–213.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tupaz, R. Q., 2016, Progress on decolonization stalled. http://www.postguam.com/news/local/progress-on-decolonization-plebiscite-stalled/article_5ceb33ee-5c79-11e6-9945-a797ba926c02.html (accessed 18 September 2016).
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO, 2001, Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/underwater-cultural-heritage/2001-convention/ (accessed 15 June 2016).
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO, 2014, Underwater Cultural Heritage and Small Island Developing States: 3rd UN International Conference on Small Island Developing States. Apia Office for the Pacific States, UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• United Press International, 1987, U.S. B‐52 hit by gunfire in Guam. http://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/10/06/US-B-52-hit-by-gunfire-inGuam/3068560491200/ (accessed 23 April 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Vilar, M. G., Chan, C. W., Santos, D. R., Lynch, D., Spathis, R., Garruto, R. M. and Lum, J. K., 2013, The Origins and Genetic Distinctiveness of the Chamorros of the Mariana Islands: An mtDNA Perspective. American Journal of Human Biology, 25: 116–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, H. T., 1970, Flight of the Cormoran. Vantage Press, New York.
   Google Scholar