25,831
Views
54
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
SPECIAL ISSUE

Disaster risk reduction: Psychological perspectives on preparedness

Pages 327-341 | Received 26 Aug 2018, Accepted 27 Nov 2018, Published online: 20 Nov 2020

REFERENCES

  • Adhikari, M., Paton, D., Johnston, D., Prasanna, R., & Mccoll, S. T. (2018). Modelling predictors of earthquake preparedness in Nepal. Procedia Engineering, 212, 910–917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2018.01.117
  • Aldrich, D. P., & Meyer, A. (2015). Social capital and community resilience. American Behavioral Scientist, 59, 254–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764214550299
  • Andreason, A. R. (2007). Social marketing. In G. T. Gundlach, L. T. Block, & W. L. Wilkie (Eds.), Explorations of marketing in society (pp. 664–678). Mason, OH: Thomson/South‐Western.
  • Armaş, I., Cretu, R. Z., & Ionescua, R. (2017). Self‐efficacy, stress, and locus of control: The psychology of earthquake risk perception in Bucharest, Romania. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 22, 71–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.02.018
  • Attorney General's Department. (2017). Emergency management Australia Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved from https://www.ag.gov.au/EmergencyManagement/Emergency-Management-Australia/Pages/default.aspx
  • Basolo, V., Steinberg, L. J., Burby, R. J., Levine, J., Cruz, A. M., & Huang, C. (2009). The effects of confidence in government and information on perceived and actual preparedness for disasters. Environment and Behavior, 41, 338–364. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916508317222
  • Becker, J. S., Paton, D., Johnston, D. M., & Ronan, K. R. (2012). A model of household preparedness for earthquakes: How individuals make meaning of earthquake information and how this influences preparedness. Natural Hazards, 64, 107–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0238-x
  • Becker, J. S., Paton, D., Johnston, D. M., Ronan, K. R., & Mcclure, J. (2017). The role of prior experience in informing and motivating earthquake preparedness. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 22, 179–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.03.006
  • Bočkarjova, M., van der Veen, A., & Geurts, P. A. T. M. (2009). A PMT‐TTM model of protective motivation for flood danger in the Netherlands (ITC Working Papers Series – Paper 3). Enschede, Netherlands: International Institute for Geo‐Information Science and Earth Observation.
  • Buergelt, P. T., & Paton, D. (2014). An ecological risk management and capacity building model. Human Ecology, 42, 591–603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-014-9676-2
  • Chang, M. X.‐L., Jetten, J., Cruwys, T., & Haslam, C. (2017). Cultural identity and the expression of depression: A social identity perspective. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 27(1), 16–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2291
  • Cottrell, A. (2006). Weathering the storm: Women's preparedness as a form of resilience to weather hazards in northern Australia. In D. Paton & D. Johnston (Eds.), Disaster resilience: An integrated approach (pp. 128–142). Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
  • Daniel, T. C. (2007a). Managing individual response: Lessons from public health risk behavioral research. In W. E. Martin, C. Raish, & B. Kent (Eds.), Wildfire risk: Human perceptions and management implications (pp. 103–116). Washington, DC: Resources for the Future.
  • Daniel, T. C. (2007b). Perceptions of wildfire risk. In T. C. Daniel, M. S. Carroll, & C. Moseley (Eds.), People, fire, and forests: A synthesis of wildfire social science (pp. 9–36). Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.
  • De dominicis, S., Fornara, F., Cancellieri, U. G., Twigger‐ross, C., & Bonaiuto, M. (2015). We are at risk, and so what? Place attachment, environmental risk perceptions and preventive coping behaviours. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 43, 66–78.
  • Dooley, D., Catalano, R., Mishra, S., & Serxner, S. (1992). Earthquake preparedness: Predictors in a community survey. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22, 451–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00984.x
  • Dow, K., & Cutter, S. L. (2000). Public orders and personal opinions: Household strategies for hurricane risk assessment. Environmental Hazards, 2, 143–155.
  • Drury, J. (2012). Collective resilience in mass emergencies and disasters: A social identity model. In J. Jetten, C. Haslam, & S. H. Alexander (Eds.), The social cure: Identity, health and well‐being (pp. 137–150). Hove, England: Psychology Press.
  • Duval, T. S., & Mulilis, J.‐P. (1999). A Person‐relative‐to‐Event (PrE) approach to negative threat appeals and earthquake preparedness: A field study. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29, 495–516. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb01398.x
  • Ejeta, L. T., Ardalan, A., Paton, D., & Yaseri, M. (2016). Predictors of community preparedness for flood in Dire‐Dawa town, Eastern Ethiopia: Applying adapted version of Health Belief Model. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 19, 341–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.09.005
  • Elliott, J., Haney, T., & Sams‐abiodun, P. (2010). Limits to social capital: Comparing network assistance in two New Orleans neighbors devastated by Hurricane Katrina. Sociological Quarterly, 51, 624–648.
  • Eng, E., & Parker, E. (1994). Measuring community competence in the Mississippi Delta: The interface between program evaluation and empowerment. Health Education Quarterly, 21, 199–220.
  • Etkin, D. (1999). Risk transference and related trends: Driving forces towards more mega‐disasters. Environmental Hazards, 1, 69–75.
  • Evans, W. D. (2006). How social marketing works in healthcare. BMJ, 332, 1207–1210.
  • Farida, A. (2014). Reconstructing social identity for sustainable future of Lumpur Lapindo victims. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 20, 468–476.
  • Faulkner, H., & Ball, D. (2007). Environmental hazards and risk communication. Environmental Hazards, 7, 71–78.
  • Forrest, R., & Kearns, A. (2001). Social cohesion, social capital and the neighbourhood. Urban Studies, 38, 2125–2143.
  • Garrison, M. E. B., & Sasser, D. D. (2009). Families and disasters: Making meaning out of adversity. In K. E. Cherry (Ed.), Lifespan perspectives on natural disasters: Coping with Katrina, Rita, and other storms (pp. 113–130). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Gregg, C., & Houghton, B. (2006). Natural Hazards. In D. Paton & D. Johnston (Eds.), Disaster resilience: An integrated approach (pp. 19–39). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
  • Grothmann, T., & Reusswig, F. (2006). People at risk of flooding: Why some residents take precautionary action while others do not. Natural Hazards, 38, 101–120.
  • Guion, D. T., Scammon, D. L., & Borders, A. L. (2007). Weathering the storm: A social marketing perspective on disaster preparedness and response with lessons from Hurricane Katrina. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 26, 20–32.
  • Harries, T. (2008). Feeling secure or being secure? Why it can seem better not to protect yourself against a natural hazard. Health, Risk & Society, 10, 479–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698570802381162
  • Haslam, S. A. (2014). Making good theory practical: Five lessons for an Applied Social Identity Approach to challenges of organizational, health, and clinical psychology. British Journal of Social Psychology, 53(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12061
  • Hastings, G., & Mcdermott, L. (2006). Putting social marketing into practice. BMJ, 332, 1210–1211.
  • Hastings, G., Stead, M., & Webb, J. (2002). Fear appeals in social marketing: Strategic and ethical reasons for concern. Psychology and Marketing, 21, 961–986.
  • Hawkins, R. L., & Maurer, K. (2010). Bonding, bridging and linking: How social capital operated in New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina. British Journal of Social Work, 40, 1777–1793.
  • Heller, K., Alexander, D. B., Gatz, M., Knight, B. G., & Rose, T. (2005). Social and personal factors as predictors of earthquake preparation: The role of support provision, negative affect, age, and education. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35, 399–422.
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across Nations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Houts, P., Lindell, M. K., Hu, T. W., Clerly, P. D., Tokuhata, G., & Flynn, C. B. (1984). The protective action decision model applied to evacuation during the three Mile Island crisis. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 2, 27–39.
  • Jang, L.‐J., Wang, J. J., Paton, D., & Ning‐yu, T. (2016). Cross‐cultural comparisons between the earthquake preparedness models of Taiwan and New Zealand. Disasters, 40, 327–345. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12144
  • Jetten, J., Haslam, C., & Alexander, S. H. (2012). The social cure: Identity, health and well‐being. Hove, England: Psychology Press.
  • Jetten, J., Haslam, S. A., Cruwys, T., Greenaway, K. H., Haslam, C., & Steffens, N. K. (2017). Advancing the social identity approach to health and well‐being: Progressing the social cure research agenda. European Journal of Social Psychology, 47(7), 789–802. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2333
  • Johnson, B. B., & Nakayachi, K. (2017). Examining associations between citizens' beliefs and attitudes about uncertainty and their earthquake risk judgments, preparedness intentions, and mitigation policy support in Japan and the United States. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 22, 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.02.019
  • Kellezi, B., & Reicher, S. D. (2012). In J. Jetten, C. Haslam, & S. H. Alexander (Eds.), The social cure: Identity, health and well‐being Social cure or social curse?: The psychological impact of extreme events during the Kosovo conflict (pp. 151–161). Hove, England: Psychology Press.
  • Kerstholt, J., Duijnhoven, H., & Paton, D. (2017). Flooding preparedness in The Netherlands: Integrating factors at individual, social and institutional level. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 24, 52–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.05.013
  • Kirschenbaum, A. (2006). Families and disaster behavior: A reassessment of family preparedness. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 24, 111.
  • Kirschenbaum, A., Rapaport, C., & Canetti, D. (2017). The impact of information sources on earthquake preparedness. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 21, 99–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.10.018
  • Koh, H. K., & Cadigan, R. O. (2008). Disaster preparedness and social capital. In I. Kawachi, S. V. C. Subramanian, & D. Kim (Eds.), Social capital and health (pp. 273–285). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Kohn, S., Eaton, J. L., Feroz, S., Bainbridge, A. A., Hoolachan, J., & Barnett, D. J. (2012). Personal disaster preparedness: An integrative review of the literature. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 6, 217–231. https://doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2012.47
  • Lamontaigne, M., & La rochelle, S. (2000). Earth scientists can help people who fear earthquakes. Seismological Research Letters, 70, 1–4.
  • Lau, D., & Murnighan, J. K. (1998). Demographic diversity and faultlines: The compositional dynamics of organizational groups. Academy of Management Review, 23, 325–340.
  • Lau, D., & Murnighan, J. K. (2005). Interactions within groups and subgroups: The dynamic effects of demographic faultlines. Academy of Management Journal, 48, 645–650.
  • Levac, J., Toal‐sullivan, D., & Osullivan, T. L. (2012). Household emergency preparedness: A literature review. Journal of Community Health, 37, 725–733. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-011-9488-x
  • Lichterman, J. D. (2000). A ‘community as resource’ strategy for disaster response. Public Health Reports, 115, 262–265.
  • Lindell, M. K., Arlikatti, S., & Prater, C. S. (2009). Why people do what they do to protect against earthquake risk: Perceptions of hazard adjustment attributes. Risk Analysis, 29, 1072–1088.
  • Lindell, M. K., & Perry, R. W. (2000). Household adjustment to earthquake hazard: A review of research. Environment and Behavior, 32, 461–501.
  • Lindell, M. K., & Perry, R. W. (2012). The protective action decision model: Theoretical modifications and additional evidence. Risk Analysis, 32, 616–632. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01647.x
  • Lindell, M. K., & Whitney, D. J. (2000). Correlates of household seismic hazard adjustment adoption. Risk Analysis, 20, 13–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/0272-4332.00002
  • Lion, R., Meertens, R. M., & Bot, I. (2002). Priorities in information desire about unknown risks. Risk Analysis, 22, 765–776.
  • Marti, M., Stauffacher, M., Matthes, J., & Wiemer, S. (2018). Communicating earthquake preparedness: The influence of induced mood, perceived risk, and gain or loss frames on homeowners' attitudes toward general precautionary measures for earthquakes. Risk Analysis, 38, 710–723.
  • Martin, I. M., Bender, H., & Raish, C. (2007). What motivates individuals to protect themselves from risks: The case of wildland fires. Risk Analysis, 27, 887–900.
  • Mcclean, D. (2017). Australia integrates climate and disaster risk Geneva: United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Retrieved from https://www.unisdr.org/archive/52874
  • Mcivor, D., & Paton, D. (2007). Preparing for natural hazards: Normative and attitudinal influences. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 16, 79–88.
  • Mcivor, D., Paton, D., & Johnston, D. M. (2009). Modelling community preparation for natural hazards: Understanding hazard cognitions. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 3, 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1375/prp.3.2.39
  • Mckenzie‐mohr, D. (2000). Fostering sustainable behavior through community‐based social marketing (pp. 531–537). May: American Psychologist.
  • Mckenzie‐mohr, D., & Smith, W. (1999). Fostering sustainable behavior: An introduction to community‐based social marketing. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society.
  • Mclennan, J., Cowlishaw, S., Paton, D., Beatson, R., & Elliott, G. (2014). Predictors of south‐eastern Australian householders' strengths of intentions to self‐evacuate if a wildfire threatens: Two theoretical models. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 23, 1176–1188. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF13219
  • Merrin‐davies, M. (2018). Implementation of the Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction in Australia. Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 33, 5–6.
  • Mileti, D. S., & Darlington, J. D. (1997). The role of searching in shaping reactions to earthquake risk information. Social Problems, 44, 89–103.
  • Mishra, S., & Suar, D. (2012). Effects of anxiety, disaster education, and resources on disaster preparedness behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42, 1069–1087. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00853.x
  • Morrissey, S., & Reser, J. (2003). Evaluating the effectiveness of psychological preparedness advice in community cyclone preparedness materials. Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 18, 46–61.
  • Mulilis, J. P. (1996). Social considerations of disaster‐resistant technology: The person‐relative‐to‐event (PrE) model of coping with threat. Journal of Urban Technology, 3, 59–70.
  • Mulilis, J. P., & Duval, T. S. (1995). Negative threat appeals and earthquake preparedness: A Person‐relative‐to‐Event (PrE) model of coping with threat. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25, 1319–1339.
  • Mulilis, J. P., Duval, T. S., & Bovalino, K. (2000). Tornado preparedness of students, nonstudent renters, and nonstudent owners: Issues of PrE theory. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30, 1310–1329.
  • Mulilis, J. P., Duval, T. S., & Rogers, R. (2003). The effect of a swarm of local tornados on tornado preparedness: A quasi‐comparable cohort investigation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33, 1716–1725.
  • Nakagawa, Y., & Shaw, R. (2004). Social capital: A missing link to disaster recovery. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 22, 5–34.
  • Onuma, H., Shin, K. J., & Managi, S. (2017). Household preparedness for natural disasters: Impact of disaster experience and implications for future disaster risks in Japan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 21, 148–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.11.004
  • Paton, D. (2008). Risk communication and natural hazard mitigation: How trust influences its effectiveness. International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, 8, 2–16. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijgenvi.2008.017256
  • Paton, D. (2013). Disaster resilient communities: Developing and testing an all‐hazards theory. Journal of Integrated Disaster Risk Management, 3, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.5595/idrim.2013.0050
  • Paton, D. (2017). Co‐existing with Natural Hazards and their Consequences. In D. Paton & D. M. Johnston (Eds.), Disaster Resilience: An integrated approach (2nd ed., pp. 3–17). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas. isbn:978‐0398‐09169‐9.
  • Paton, D., Anderson, E., Becker, J., & Peterson, J. (2015). Developing a comprehensive model of earthquake preparedness: Lessons from the Christchurch earthquake. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 14, 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.11.011
  • Paton, D., Bajek, R., Okada, N., & Mcivor, D. (2010). Predicting community earthquake preparedness: A cross‐cultural comparison of Japan and New Zealand. Natural Hazards, 54, 765–781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-010-9500-2
  • Paton, D., & Buergelt, P. T. (2012). Community engagement and wildfire preparedness: The influence of community diversity. In D. Paton & F. Tedim (Eds.), Wildfire and community: Facilitating preparedness and resilience (pp. 241–259). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
  • Paton, D., Bürgelt, P. T., & Prior, T. (2008). Living with bushfire risk: Social and environmental influences on preparedness. Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 23, 41–48.
  • Paton, D., Gregg, C. E., Houghton, B. F., Lachman, R., Lachman, J., Johnston, D. M., & Wongbusarakum, S. (2008). The impact of the December 26th 2004 tsunami on coastal Thai communities: Assessing adaptive capacity. Disasters, 32, 106–119.
  • Paton, D., & Irons, M. (2016). Communication, sense of community and disaster recovery: A Facebook case study. Disaster communications. Frontiers of Communication, 1, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2016.00004
  • Paton, D., Jang, L.‐j., & Irons, M. (2015). Building capacity to adapt to the consequences of disasters: Linking disaster recovery and disaster risk reduction. In D. Brown (Ed.), Capacity building: Planning, programs and prospects (pp. 85–114). New York, NY: Nova Scientific.
  • Paton, D., Jang, L.‐J., Kitagawa, K., Mamula‐seadon, L., & Sun, Y. (2017). Coping with and adapting to natural Hazard consequences: Cross cultural perspectives. In D. Paton & D. M. Johnston (Eds.), Disaster resilience: An integrated approach (2nd ed., pp. 236–254). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
  • Paton, D., Johnston, D., Mamula‐seadon, L., & Kenney, C. M. (2014). Recovery and development: Perspectives from New Zealand and Australia. In N. Kapucu & K. T. Liou (Eds.), Disaster & development: Examining global issues and cases (pp. 255–272). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Paton, D., Kelly, G., Bürgelt, P. T., & Doherty, M. (2006). Preparing for bushfires: Understanding intentions. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 15, 566–575. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560610685893
  • Paton, D., Kerstholt, J., & Skinner, I. (2017). Hazard readiness and resilience. In D. Paton & D. M. Johnston (Eds.), Disaster resilience: An integrated approach (2nd ed., pp. 114–137). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
  • Paton, D., & Mcclure, J. (2013). Preparing for disaster: Building household and community capacity. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
  • Paton, D., Okada, N., & Sagala, S. (2013). Understanding preparedness for natural hazards: Cross cultural comparison. Journal of Integrated Disaster Risk Management, 3(1), 18–35. https://doi.org/10.5595/idrim.2013.0051
  • Paton, D., & Sagala, S. (2018). Disaster risk reduction in Indonesia. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
  • Paton, D., Smith, L., Daly, M., & Johnston, D. (2008). Risk perception and volcanic hazard mitigation: Individual and social perspectives. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 172, 179–188.
  • Paton, D., Smith, L., & Johnston, D. (2005). When good intentions turn bad: Promoting natural hazard preparedness. Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 20, 25.
  • Paton, D., & Tedim, F. (2013). Enhancing forest fires preparedness in Portugal: Integrating community engagement and risk management. Planet@Risk, 1, 44–52.
  • Paton, D., Mcclure, J., & Bürgelt, P. T. (2006). Natural hazard resilience: The role of individual and household preparedness. In D. Paton & D. Johnston (Eds.), Disaster resilience: An integrated approach. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
  • Portes, A., & Landolt, P. (1996). The downside of social capital. The American Prospect, 26, 18–21.
  • Raggio, R. D., & Folse, J. A. G. (2011). Expressions of gratitude in disaster management: An economic, social marketing and public policy perspective on post‐Katrina campaigns. Journal of Public Policy & Management, 30, 168–174. https://doi.org/10.1509/jppm.30.2.168
  • Reininger, B. M., Rahbar, M. H., Lee, M., Chen, Z., Pope, J., & Adams, B. (2013). Social capital and disaster preparedness among low income Mexican Americans in a disaster prone area. Social Science & Medicine, 83, 50–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.01.037
  • Rippl, S. (2002). Cultural theory and risk perception: A proposal for a better measurement. Journal of Risk Research, 5, 147–165.
  • Russell, L. A., Goltz, J. D., & Bourque, L. B. (1995). Preparedness and hazard mitigation actions before and after two earthquakes. Environment and Behavior, 27, 744–770.
  • Sadeka, S., Mohamad, M., Reza, S., Manap, J., & Sarkar, S. K. (2015). Social Capital and Disaster Preparedness: Conceptual framework and linkage. E‐Proceeding of the International Conference on Social Science Research, ICSSR 2015 (e‐ISBN 978–967‐0792‐04‐0). 8 & 9 June 2015, Meliá Hotel Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Seismology Research Centre. (2018). Seismology Research Centre. Retrieved from http://www.src.com.au/earthquakes/seismology-101/earthquakes-in-australia/
  • Shepherd, D. A., & Williams, T. A. (2014). Local venturing as compassion organizing in the aftermath of a natural disaster: The role of localness and community in reducing suffering. Journal of Management Studies, 51, 952–994. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12084
  • Siegrist, M., & Cvetkovich, G. (2000). Perception of hazards: The role of social trust and knowledge. Risk Analysis, 20, 713–719.
  • Siegrist, M., Cvetkovich, G., & Roth, C. (2000). Salient value similarity, social trust, and risk/benefit perception. Risk Analysis, 20(3), 353–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/0272-4332.203034
  • Solberg, C., Rossetto, T., & Joffe, H. (2010). The social psychology of seismic hazard adjustment: Re‐evaluating the international literature. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 1663–1677. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-1663-2010
  • Tajfel, H. (1978). Differentation between social groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations. London, England: Academic Press.
  • Terpstra, T., & Lindell, M. K. (2013). Citizens' perceptions of flood Hazard adjustments: An application of the protective action decision model. Environment and Behavior, 45(8), 993–1018. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916512452427
  • Tiernan, A., Drennan, L., Nalau, J., Onyango, E., Morrissey, L., & Mackey, B. (2018). A review of themes in disaster resilience literature and international practice since 2012. Policy Design and Practice, 2, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2018.1507240
  • Twigg, J. (2015). Disaster risk reduction. London, England: Overseas Development Institute.
  • UNISDR. (2015). Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015–2030. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction.
  • UNISDR. (2016). Report of the open‐ended intergovernmental expert working group on indicators and terminology relating to disaster risk reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Retrived from https://www.preventionweb.net/files/50683_oiewgreportenglish.pdf
  • UNISDR. (2017). What is disaster risk reduction? Retrieved from https://www.unisdr.org/who-we-are/what-is-drr
  • Weinstein, N. D. (1980). Unrealistic optimism about future life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 806–820.
  • Witte, K. (1992). Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model. Communication Monogram, 59, 329–349.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.