Prevalence of visual problems among stroke survivors in Hong Kong Chinese

References

• The Hospital Authority (Hong Kong). Hospital Authority Statistical Report 2010–2011. 2011; Available at: http://www.ha.org.hk/gallery/ha_publications.asp?Library_ID=15&lang=tc#. [Accessed 1 January 2014].
   Google Scholar
• Duncan PW, Zorowitz R, Bates B, Choi JY, Glasberg JJ, Graham GD, Katz RC et al. Management of Adult Stroke Rehabilitation Care: a clinical practice guideline. Stroke 2005; 36: e100–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn TJ, Paolucci S, Sunnerhagen KS, Sivenius J, Walker MF, Toni D, Lees KR. Evidence‐based stroke rehabilitation: an expanded guidance document from the European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines for management of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack 2008. J Rehabil Med 2009; 41: 99–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimyan MA, Cohen LG. Neuroplasticity in the context of motor rehabilitation after stroke. Nat Rev Neurol 2011; 7: 76–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe F, Brand D, Jackson CA, Price A, Walker L, Harrison S, Eccleston C et al. Visual impairment following stroke: do stroke patients require vision assessment? Age Ageing 2009; 38: 188–193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe F. Visual perceptual consequences of stroke. Strabismus 2009; 17: 24–28.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rowe F. The profile of strabismus in stroke survivors. Eye 2009; 24: 682–685.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lotery AJ, Wiggam MI, Jackson AJ, Refson K, Fullerton K, Gilmore D, Beringer TR. Correctable visual impairment in stroke rehabilitation patients. Age Ageing 2000; 29: 221–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilhotra JS, Mitchell P, Healey PR, Cumming RG, Currie J. Homonymous visual field defects and stroke in an older population. Stroke 2002; 33: 2417–2420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowler M, Wade D, Richardson A, Stein J. Squints and diplopia seen after brain damage. J Neurol 1996; 243: 86–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon J, Morgan S, Pexman J, Hill M, Buchan A. CT assessment of conjugate eye deviation in acute stroke. Neurology 2003; 60: 135–137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim C, Alexander MP. Stroke and episodic memory disorders. Neuropsychologia 2009; 47: 3045–3058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones SA, Shinton RA. Improving outcome in stroke patients with visual problems. Age Ageing 2006; 35: 560–565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dromerick A, Reding M. Medical and neurological complications during inpatient stroke rehabilitation. Stroke 1994; 25: 358–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilari K, Owen S, Farrelly SJ. Proxy and self‐report agreement on the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale‐39. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78: 1072–1075.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swagerty DL Jr. The impact of age‐related visual impairment on functional independence in the elderly. Kans Med 1995; 96: 24–26.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lane AR, Smith DT, Schenk T. Clinical treatment options for patients with homonymous visual field defects. Clin Ophthalmol 2008; 2: 93–102.
   Google Scholar
• Folstein MF, Folstein SE, Mchugh PR. ‘Mini‐mental state’: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12: 189–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu FK, Lee HC, Chung WS, Kwong PK. Reliability and validity of the Cantonese version of Mini‐mental State Examination‐Preliminary Study. J H K Coll Pschychiatr 1994; 4: 25–28.
   Google Scholar
• Schenkenberg T, Bradford D, Ajax E. Line bisection and unilateral visual neglect in patients with neurologic impairment. Neurology 1980; 30: 509–517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van deusen J. Normative data for ninety‐three elderly persons on the Schenkenberg Line Bisection Test. Phys Occup Ther Geriatr 1985; 3: 49–54.
   Google Scholar
• Heinemann AW, Linacre JM, Wright BD, Hamilton BB, Granger C. Relationships between impairment and physical disability as measured by the functional independence measure. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993; 74: 566–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ottenbacher KJ, Hsu Y, Granger CV, Fiedler RC. The reliability of the functional independence measure: a quantitative review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996; 77: 1226–1232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin GS, Muñoz B, Bandeen roche K, West SK. Monocular versus binocular visual acuity as measures of vision impairment and predictors of visual disability. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41: 3327–3334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases 10 (ICD 10) Item H54.2. 2010; Available at: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/H54.2. [Accessed 1 January, 2014].
   Google Scholar
• Hong Kong Rehabilitation Programme Plan. Chapter 11 services for visually impaired persons‐Hong Kong Rehabilitation Programme Plan 1998/99 to 2002/03. 1999; Available at: http://www.fhb.gov.hk/en/press_and_publications/otherinfo/RPP/TOC.HTM. [Accessed 1 January, 2014].
   Google Scholar
• De quervain IA, Simon SR, Leurgans S, Pease WS, Mcallister D. Gait pattern in the early recovery period after stroke. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1996; 78: 1506–1514.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mah CD, Hulliger M, O'callaghan IS, Lee RG. Quantitative kinematics of gait patterns during the recovery period after stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 1999; 8: 312–329.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Langhorne P, Coupar F, Pollock A. Motor recovery after stroke: a systematic review. Lancet Neurol 2009; 8: 741–754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werhahn KJ, Conforto AB, Kadom N, Hallett M, Cohen LG. Contribution of the ipsilateral motor cortex to recovery after chronic stroke. Ann Neurol 2003; 54: 464–472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Yang J, Hong Z, Yuan G, Zhou B, Zhao L, Huang YN et al. Proportion of different subtypes of stroke in China. Stroke 2003; 34: 2091–2096.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chau PH, Woo J, Goggins WB, Tse YK, Chan KC, Lo SV, Ho SC. Trends in stroke incidence in Hong Kong differ by stroke subtype. Cerebrovasc Dis 2010; 31: 138–146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings SR, Nevitt MC, Browner WS, Stone K, Fox KM, Ensrud KE, Cauley J et al. Risk factors for hip fracture in white women. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 767–774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenspan SL, Myers ER, Kiel DP, Parker RA, Hayes WC, Resnick NM. Fall direction, bone mineral density, and function: risk factors for hip fracture in frail nursing home elderly. Am J Med 1998; 104: 539–545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdelhafiz AH, Austin CA. Visual factors should be assessed in older people presenting with falls or hip fracture. Age Ageing 2003; 32: 26–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyake A, Friedman NP, Emerson MJ, Witzki AH, Howerter A, Wager TD. The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex ‘frontal lobe’ tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognit Psychol 2000; 41: 49–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrero M, Barcia C, Navarro J. Functional anatomy of thalamus and basal ganglia. Childs Nerv Syst 2002; 18: 386–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandit RJ, Gales K, Griffiths PG. Effectiveness of testing visual fields by confrontation. Lancet 2001; 358: 1339–1340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogan DB. Which older patients are competent to drive? Approaches to office‐based assessment. Can Fam Physician 2005; 51: 362–368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han Y, Ciuffreda KJ, Kapoor N. Reading‐related oculomotor testing and training protocols for acquired brain injury in humans. Brain Res Protoc 2004; 14: 1–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Corriveau H, Hébert R, Raîche M, Prince F. Evaluation of postural stability in the elderly with stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 85: 1095–1101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapoor N, Ciuffreda KJ, Han Y. Oculomotor rehabilitation in acquired brain injury: a case series. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 85: 1667–1678.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciuffreda KJ, Rutner D, Kapoor N, Suchoff IB, Craig S, Han M. Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury: a retrospective analysis. J Am Optom Assoc 2008; 79: 18–22.
   Google Scholar
• Plow EB, Obretenova SN, Halko MA, Kenkel S, Jackson ML, Pascual‐leone A, Merabet LB. Combining visual rehabilitative training and noninvasive brain stimulation to enhance visual function in patients with hemianopia: a comparative case study. PM R 2011; 3: 825–835.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bouwmeester L, Heutink J, Lucas C. The effect of visual training for patients with visual field defects due to brain damage: a systematic review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78: 555–564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar