175
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Clinical prediction of the need for interventions for the control of myopia

, MSc
Pages 518-526 | Received 25 May 2014, Accepted 27 Jul 2014, Published online: 15 Apr 2021

References

  • Nakanishi H, Yamada R, Gotoh N, Hayashi H, Yamashiro K, Shimada N, Ohno‐matsui K et al. A genome‐wide association analysis identified a novel susceptible locus for pathological myopia at 11q24.1. PLoS Genet 2009; 5: e1000660.
  • Goss DA. Clinical accommodation and heterophoria findings preceding juvenile onset of myopia. Optom Vis Sci 1991; 68: 110–116.
  • Zadnik K, Mutti DO, Friedman NE, Qualley PA, Jones LA, Qiu p‐b, Kim HS et al. Ocular predictors of the onset of juvenile myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999; 40: 1936–1943.
  • Barnhart CL, Barnhart RK. The World Book Dictionary. Chicago: William H Nault, 1984. p 1143.
  • Mutti DO, Semina E, Marazita M, Cooper M, Murrary JC, Zadnik K. Genetic loci for pathological myopia are not associated with juvenile myopia. Am J Med Genet 2002; 112: 355–360.
  • Young TL, Ronan SM, Drahozal LA, Wildenberg SC, Alvear AB, Oetting WS, Atwood LD et al. Evidence that a locus for familial high myopia maps to chromosome 18p. Cell 1998; 63: 109–119.
  • Young TL, Ronan SM, Alvear AB, Wildenberg SC, Oetting WS, Atwood LD, Wilkin DJ et al. A second locus for familial high myopia maps to chromosome12q. Cell 1998; 63: 1419–1424.
  • Thorn F, Gwiazda J, Held R. Myopia progression is specified by a double exponential growth function. Optom Vis Sci 2005; 82: E286.
  • Holden B, Sankaridurg P, Smith E, Aller T, Jong M, He M. Myopia, an underrated global challenge to vision: where the current data takes us on myopia control. Eye 2014; 28: 142–146.
  • Wong TW, Foster PJ, Hee J, Ng TP, Tielsch JM, Chew SJ, Johnson GJ et al. Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in adult Chinese in Singapore. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41: 2486–2494.
  • French AN, Ashby RS, Morgan IG, Rose KA. Time outdoors and the prevention of myopia. Exp Eye Res 2013; 114: 58–68.
  • Kurtz D, Hyman L, Gwiazda JE, Manny R, Dong LM, Wang Y, Scheiman M et al. Role of parental myopia in the progression of myopia and its interaction with treatment in COMET children. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48: 562–570.
  • Sherwin JC, Mackey DA. Update on the epidemiology and genetics of myopic refractive error. Expert Rev Ophthalmol 2013; 8: 63–87.
  • Young TL, Metlapally R, Shay AE. Complex trait genetics of refractive error. Arch Ophthalmol 2007; 125: 38–48.
  • Jonas JB, Xu L. Histological changes of high axial myopia. Eye 2014; 28: 113–117.
  • Vurgese S, Panda‐jonas S, Jonas JB. Scleral thickness in human eyes. PLoS One 2012; 7: e 29692.
  • Mcmonnies CW. An examination of the baropathic nature of axial myopia. Clin Exp Optom 2014; 97: 116–124.
  • Cheng SCK, Lam CSY, Yap MKH. Prevalence of myopia‐related changes among 12–18 year old Hong Kong Chinese high myopes. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2013; 33: 652–660.
  • Zhang Z, Xu Y, Liu J, Wong DWK, Kwoh CK, Saw S‐M, Wong TY. Automatic diagnosis of pathological myopia from heterogenous biomedical data. PLoS One 2013; 8: e65736.
  • Morgan IG, Ohno‐matsui K, Saw S‐M. Myopia. Lancet 2012; 379 (9827): 1739–1748.
  • Sankaridurg P, Holden BA. Practical applications to modify and control the development of ametropia. Eye 2014; 28: 134–141.
  • Goss DA, Jackson TW. Clinical findings before the onset of myopia in youth: 4. Parental history of myopia. Optom Vis Sci 1996; 73: 279–282.
  • Khor CC, Grignani R, Ng DPK, Toh KY, Chia K‐S, Tan D, Goh DLM et al. cMET and refractive error progression in Children. Ophthalmology 2009; 116: 1469–1474.
  • Jones‐jordan LA, Sinnott LT, Manny RE, Cotter SA, Kleinstein RN, Mutti DO, Twelker JD et al. Early childhood refractive error and parental history of myopia as predictors of myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51: 115–121.
  • Wojciechowski R. Nature and nurture: the complex genetics of myopia and refractive error. Clin Genet 2011; 79: 301–320.
  • Xiang F, He M, Morgan IG. The impact of severity of parental myopia on myopia in Chinese children. Optom Vis Sci 2012; 89: 884–891.
  • Xiang F, He M, Morgan IG. The impact of parental myopia on myopia in Chinese children: population‐based evidence. Optom Vis Sci 2012; 89: 1487–1496.
  • Zhang M, Gazzard G, Fu Z, Li L, Chen B, Saw SM, Congdon N. Validating the accuracy of a model to predict the onset of myopia in children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52: 5836–5841.
  • Ip JM, Saw S‐M, Rose KA, Morgan IG, Kifley A, Wang JJ, Mitchell P. Role of near work in myopia: findings in a sample of Australian school children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49: 2903–2910.
  • Saw S‐M, Chua W‐H, Hong C‐Y, Wu H‐M, Chan W‐Y, Chia K‐S, Stone RA et al. Nearwork in early‐onset myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002; 43: 332–339.
  • Wong L, Coggan D, Cruddas M, Hwang CH. Education, reading, and family tendency as risk factors for myopia in Hong Kong fishermen. J Epidem Commun Health 1993; 47: 50–53.
  • Parssinen O, Kauppinen M, Viljanen A. The progression of myopia from its onset at age 8–12 to adulthood and the influence of heredity and external factors on myopic progression. A 23‐year follow‐up study. Acta Ophthalmol 2014; doi: 10.1111/aos.12387. [Epub ahead of print].
  • Saw S‐M. A synopsis of the prevalence rates and environmental risk factors for myopia. Clin Exp Optom 2003; 86: 289–294.
  • Ngo CS, Pan C‐W, Finkelstein EA, Lee C‐F, Wong IB, Ong J, Ang M et al. A cluster randomized controlled trial evaluation an incentive‐based outdoor physical activity programme to increase outdoor time and prevent myopia in children. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2014; 34: 362–368.
  • Wu P‐C, Tsai C‐L, Wu H‐L, Yang Y‐H, Kuo H‐K. Outdoor activity during class recess reduces myopia onset and progression in school children. Ophthalmology 2013; 120: 1080–1085.
  • Guggenheim JA, Northstone K, Mcmahon G, Ness AR, Deere K, Mattocks C, St pourcain B et al. Time outdoors and physical activity as predictors of incident myopia in childhood: a prospective cohort study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 5: 2856–2865.
  • Read SA, Collins MJ, Vincent SJ. Light exposure and physical activity in myopic and emmetropic children. Optom Vis Sci 2014; 91: 330–341.
  • Mutti DO, Cooper ME, Dragan E, Jones‐jordan LA, Bailey MD, Marazita ML, Murray JC et al. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and group‐specific component (GC, Vitamin D‐binding protein) polymorphisms in myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52: 3818–3824.
  • Low W, Dirani M, Gazzard G, Chan Y‐H, Zhou H‐J, Selvaraj P, Au eong K‐G et al. Family history, near work, outdoor activity and myopia in Singapore Chinese preschool children. Br J Opthalmol 2010; 94: 1012–1016.
  • Saw S‐M, Nieto FJ, Katz J, Schein OD, Levy B, Chew S‐J. Familial clustering and myopia progressioin in Singapore school children. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2001; 8: 227–236.
  • Verhoeven VJM, Hysi PG, Wojciechowski R, Fan Q, Guggenheim JA, Hohn R, Macgregor S et al. Genome‐wide meta‐analyses of multiancestry cohorts identify multiple new susceptibility loci for refractsive error and myopia. Nat Genet 2013; 45: 314–318.
  • Braun L. Race, ethnicity, and health: can genetics explain disparities? Perspect Biol Med 2002; 45: 159–174.
  • Katz J, Tielsch JM, Sommer A. Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in an adult inner city population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997; 38: 334–340.
  • French AN, Morgan IG, Mitchell P, Rose KA. Prevalence and 5‐ to 6‐year incidence and progression of myopia and hyperopia in Australian schoolchildren. Ophthalmology 2013; 120: 1482–1491.
  • French AN, Morgan IG, Mitchell P, Rose KA. Patterns of myopigenic activity with age, gender and ethnicity in Sydney schoolchildren. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2013; 33: 318–328.
  • Lopes MC, Andrew T, Carbonaro F, Spector TD, Hammond CJ. Estimating heritability and shared environmental effects for refractive error in twin and family studies. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50: 126–131.
  • Pruett RC. Progressive myopia and intraocular pressure: what is the linkage? Acta Ophthalmol 1988; Suppl 185: 117–125.
  • Rada JA, Shelton S, Norton TT. The sclera and myopia. Exp Eye Res 2006; 82: 185–200.
  • Mcbrien NA, Gentle A. The role of visual information in the control of scleral matrix biology in myopia. Curr Eye Res 2001; 23: 313–319.
  • Pan C‐W, Ramamurthy D, Saw S‐M. Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2012; 32: 3–16.
  • Kubota T, Miyake K, Hirasawa T. Epigenetic understanding of gene‐environment interactions in psychiatric disorders: a new concept of clinical genetics. Clin Epigen 2012; 4: 3–8.
  • Barros SP, Offenbacher S. Epigenetics: connecting environment and genotype to phenotype and disease. J Dent Res 2009; 88: 400–408.
  • Chen Y‐P, Hocking PM, Wang L, Povazay B, Prashar A, To C‐H, Erichsen JT et al. Selective breeding for susceptibility to myopia reveals a gene‐environment interaction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52: 4003–4011.
  • Hewitt AW, Wang JJ, Liang H, Craig JE. Epigenetic effects on eye diseases. Expert Rev Ophthalmol 2012; 7: 127–134.
  • Jones LA, Sinnott LT, Mutti DO, Mitchell GL, Moeschberger ML, Zadnik K. Parental history of myopia, sports and outdoor activities, and future myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48: 3524–3532.
  • Lyhne N, Sjolie AK, Kyvik KO, Green A. The importance of genes and environment for ocular refraction and its determiners: a population based study among 20–45 year old twins. Br J Ophthalmol 2001; 85: 1470–1476.
  • Kiefer AK, Tung JY, Do CB, Hinds DA, Mountain JL, Francke U, Eriksson N. Genome‐wide analysis points to roles for extracellular matrix remodeling, the visual cycle and neuronal development in myopia. PLoS Genet 2013; 9: e1003299.
  • Flitcroft DI. Emmetropisation and the aetiology of refractive errors. Eye 2014; 28: 169–179.
  • Pacella R, Mclellan J, Grice K, Del bono EA, Wiggs JL, Gwiazda JE. Role of genetic factors in the etiology of juvenile‐onset myopia based on longitudingal study of refractive error. Optom Vis Sci 1999; 76: 381–386.
  • Santodomingo‐rubido J, Villa‐collar C, Gilmartin B, Gutierrez‐ortega R. Myopia control with orthokeratology contact lenses in Spain: refractive and biometric changes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53: 5060–5065.
  • Hyman L, Gwiazda J, Hussein M, Norton TT, Wang Y, Marsh‐tootle W, Everett D et al. Relationship of age, sex, and ethnicity with myopia progression and axial elongation in the correction of myopia evaluation trial. Arch Ophthalmol 2005; 125 (7): 977–987.
  • Frederick DR. Myopia. BMJ 2002; 324: 1195–1199.
  • Liang C‐L, Yen E, Su J‐Y, Liu C, Chang T‐Y, Park N, Wu M‐J et al. Impact of family history of high myopia on level and onset of myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45: 3446–3452.
  • Tran‐viet K‐N, Powell C, Barathi VA, Klemm T, Maurer‐stroh S, Limviphuvadh V, Soler V et al. Mutations in SCO2 are associated with autosomal‐dominant high‐grade myopia. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 92: 820–826.
  • Hornbeak DM, Young TL. Myopia genetics: a review of current research and emerging trends. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2009; 20: 356–362.
  • Mutti DO, Hayes JR, Mitchell GL, Jones LA, Moeschberger MI, Cotter SA, Kleinstein RN. Refractive error, axial length, and relative peripheral refractive error before and after the onset of myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48: 2510–2519.
  • Yap M, Wu M, Liu M, Lee FL, Wang SH. Role of heredity in the genesis of myopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1993; 13: 316–319.
  • Saw S‐M, Gazzard G, Shih‐yen EC, Chua W‐H. Myopia and associated pathological complications. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2005; 25: 381–391.
  • Harmon DB. The coordinated classroom. Santa Ana California USA: Optometric Extension Program Foundation Inc, 1951.
  • Aller TA, Wildsoet C. Bifocal soft contact lenses as a possible myopia control treatment: a case report involving identical twins. Clin Exp Optom 2008; 91: 394–399.
  • Foster PJ, Jiang Y. Epidemiology of myopia. Eye 2014; 28: 202–208.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.