Rethinking contact lens aftercare

REFERENCES

• Efron N, Szczotka‐flynn LB. Aftercare. In: Efron N, ed. Contact Lens Practice, 3rd edn. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2017. pp 364–384.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan PB, Efron N. Influence of practice setting on contact lens prescribing in the United Kingdom. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2015; 38: 70–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan PB, Efron N, Helland M et al. Demographics of international contact lens prescribing. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2010; 33: 27–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mettes D. Insufficient evidence to support or refute the need for 6‐monthly dental check‐ups. What is the optimal recall frequency between dental checks? Evid Based Dent 2005; 6: 62–63.
   Google Scholar
• Riley P, Worthington HV, Clarkson JE et al. Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013: CD004346.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy JR. Aftercare of soft contact lenses. J Am Optom Assoc 1976; 47: 369.
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson KW, Port MJA. Patient management and instruction. In: Stone S, Phillips AJ, eds. Contact Lenses, 2nd edn. London: Butterworths, 1984. p 187.
   Google Scholar
• Mandell RB. Contact Lens Practice, 3rd edn. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1981. p 579.
   Google Scholar
• Bailey IL, Carney LG. Corneal changes from hydrophilic contact lenses. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1973; 50: 299–304.
   Google Scholar
• Optometry Australia. Contact lens care: Aftercare. [Cited 6 Feb 2017.] Available at: http://www.optometry.org.au/your‐eyes/contact‐lenses/contact‐lens‐care/
   Google Scholar
• Cornea and Contact Lens Society of Australia. Caring for your contact lenses. [Cited 7 Feb 2017.] Available at: http://www.cclsa.org.au/caring-for-your-contact-lenses/
   Google Scholar
• Weissman BA, Barr JT, Harris MG et al. Care of the Contact Lens Patient. 2006. [Cited 8 Mar 2017.] Available at: http://www.aoa.org/documents/optometrists/CPG-19.pdf
   Google Scholar
• College of Optometrists. Examining contact lens wearers. [Cited 6 Feb 2017.] Available at: http://guidance.college‐optometrists.org/guidance‐contents/knowledge‐skills‐and‐performance‐domain/contact‐lens‐check‐ups/‐open:257,254
   Google Scholar
• British Contact Lens Association. Looking after your contact lenses. [Cited 8 Feb 2017.] Available at: https://bcla.org.uk/Public/Consumer/Content_Lens_and_Aftercare.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Ewbank A. Understanding the CL consumer: Part 1 – Buying habits and customer loyalty. Optician 2013; 245: 38–41.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan PB, Woods CA, Tranoudis IG. International contact lens prescribing in 2016. Contact Lens Spectrum 2017; 32: 30–35.
   Google Scholar
• Efron N. Contact Lens Complications, 3rd edn. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Swarbrick H, Pye DC, Holden BA. Current contact lens practice. Aust J Optom 1985; 68: 2–7.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan PB, Efron N. The oxygen performance of contemporary hydrogel contact lenses. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 1998; 21: 3–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tanner J, Efron N. Reusable soft lenses. In: Efron N, ed. Contact Lens Practice, 3rd edn. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2017. pp 175–186.
   Google Scholar
• Efron N, Morgan PB, Cameron ID et al. Oxygen permeability and water content of silicone hydrogel contact lens materials. Optom Vis Sci 2007; 84: 328–337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Covey M, Sweeney DF, Terry R et al. Hypoxic effects on the anterior eye of high‐Dk soft contact lens wearers are negligible. Optom Vis Sci 2001; 78: 95–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan PB, Efron N, Hill EA et al. Incidence of keratitis of varying severity among contact lens wearers. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89: 430–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stapleton F, Keay L, Edwards K et al. The incidence of contact lens‐related microbial keratitis in Australia. Ophthalmology 2008; 115: 1655–1662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omali NB, Subbaraman LN, Coles‐brennan C et al. Biological and clinical implications of lysozyme deposition on soft contact lenses. Optom Vis Sci 2015; 92: 750–757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalmers RL, Keay L, Mcnally J et al. Multicenter case‐control study of the role of lens materials and care products on the development of corneal infiltrates. Optom Vis Sci 2012; 89: 316–325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalmers RL, Hickson‐curran SB, Keay L et al. Rates of adverse events with hydrogel and silicone hydrogel daily disposable lenses in a large postmarket surveillance registry: the TEMPO Registry. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56: 654–663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalmers RL, Wagner H, Mitchell GL et al. Age and other risk factors for corneal infiltrative and inflammatory events in young soft contact lens wearers from the Contact Lens Assessment in Youth (CLAY) study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52: 6690–6696.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan PB, Chamberlain P, Moody K et al. Ocular physiology and comfort in neophyte subjects fitted with daily disposable silicone hydrogel contact lenses. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2013; 36: 118–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carnt NA, Evans VE, Naduvilath TJ et al. Contact lens‐related adverse events and the silicone hydrogel lenses and daily wear care system used. Arch Ophthalmol 2009; 127: 1616–1623.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schein OD, Glynn RJ, Poggio EC et al. The relative risk of ulcerative keratitis among users of daily‐wear and extended‐wear soft contact lenses. A case‐control study. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 773–778.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng KH, Leung SL, Hoekman HW et al. Incidence of contact‐lens‐associated microbial keratitis and its related morbidity. Lancet 1999; 354: 181–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szczotka‐flynn L, Ahmadian R, Diaz M. A re‐evaluation of the risk of microbial keratitis from overnight contact lens wear compared with other life risks. Eye Contact Lens 2009; 35: 69–75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efron N. Obituary: rigid contact lenses. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2010; 33: 245–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan PB, Efron N, Toshida H et al. An international analysis of contact lens compliance. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2011; 34: 223–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young G. Diligent disinfection in 49 steps. Contact Lens Spectrum 2012. [Cited 8 Mar 2017.] Available at: http://www.clspectrum.com/issues/2012/february-2012/reader-and-industry-forum
   Google Scholar
• Houang E, Lam D, Fan D et al. Microbial keratitis in Hong Kong: relationship to climate, environment and contact‐lens disinfection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2001; 95: 361–367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dantam J, Mccanna DJ, Subbaraman LN et al. Microbial contamination of contact lens storage cases during daily wear use. Optom Vis Sci 2016; 93: 925–932.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vijay AK, Willcox M, Zhu H et al. Contact lens storage case hygiene practice and storage case contamination. Eye Contact Lens 2015; 41: 91–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shih KL, Hu J, Sibley M. The microbiological benefit of cleaning and rinsing contact lenses. Int Contact Lens Clin 1985; 12: 235–242.
   Google Scholar
• Larson E, Aiello A, Lee LV et al. Short‐ and long‐term effects of handwashing with antimicrobial or plain soap in the community. J Community Health 2003; 28: 139–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claydon BE, Efron N, Woods C. A prospective study of the effect of education on non‐compliant behaviour in contact lens wear. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1997; 17: 137–146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yung AM, Boost MV, Cho P et al. The effect of a compliance enhancement strategy (self‐review) on the level of lens care compliance and contamination of contact lenses and lens care accessories. Clin Exp Optom 2007; 90: 190–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ariwaka Y, Ichijima H, Shimamoto S et al. Effects of a contact lens subscriber replacement program on patient lens care behavior in Japan. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2016; 39: 47–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macdonald DJ, Mckillop EC, Trotter S et al. Improving hand‐washing performance: a crossover study of hand‐washing in the orthopaedic department. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2006; 88: 289–291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efron N. History. In: Efron N, ed. Contact Lens Practice, 3rd edn. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2017. pp 3–9.
   Google Scholar
• Goss DA, Erickson P, Cox VD. Prevalence and pattern of adult myopia progression in a general optometric practice population. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1985; 62: 470–477.
   Google Scholar
• Sankaridurg P, Holden BA. Myopia control. In: Efron N, ed. Contact Lens Practice, 3rd edn. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2017. pp 306–313.
   Google Scholar
• Kinoshita BT, Chalmers RL, Mitchell GL et al. Rate of change and predictive factors for increasing minus contact lens powers in young myopes. Clin Exp Optom 2015; 98: 323–329.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantyjarvi MI. Changes of refraction in schoolchildren. Arch Ophthalmol 1985; 103: 790–792.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Charman WN. Visual optics. In: Efron N, ed. Contact Lens Practice, 3rd edn. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2017. pp 28–42.
   Google Scholar
• Weale RA. Epidemiology of refractive errors and presbyopia. Surv Ophthalmol 2003; 48: 515–543.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyler J, Ruston D. Presbyopia. In: Efron N, ed. Contact Lens Practice, 3rd edn. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2017. pp 214–230.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan PB, Efron N, Woods CA. An international survey of contact lens prescribing for presbyopia. Clin Exp Optom 2011; 94: 87–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr C, Meyler J. The ACLM Contact Yearbook 2000. Devises: Association of Contact Lens Manufacturers, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Kerr C, Mcparland M. The ACLM Contact Yearbook 2016. Devises: Association of Contact Lens Manufacturers, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Efron N, Morgan PB. Rethinking contact lens associated keratitis. Clin Exp Optom 2006; 89: 280–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efron N. Corneal neovascularization. In: Efron N, ed. Contact Lens Complications, 3rd edn. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2012. pp 214–224.
   Google Scholar
• Efron N. Epithelial wrinkling. In: Efron N, ed. Contact Lens Complications, 3rd edn. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2012. pp 179–184.
   Google Scholar
• Lowe R, Brennan NA. Corneal wrinkling caused by a thin medium water content lens. Int Contact Lens Clin 1987; 14: 403–406.
   Google Scholar
• Keay L, Edwards K, Stapleton F. Referral pathways and management of contact lens‐related microbial keratitis in Australia and New Zealand. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2008; 36: 209–216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gellatly KW, Brennan NA, Efron N. Visual decrement with deposit accumulation of HEMA contact lenses. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1988; 65: 937–941.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maissa C, Guillon M, Cockshott N et al. Contact lens lipid spoliation of hydrogel and silicone hydrogel lenses. Optom Vis Sci 2014; 91: 1071–1083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leahy CD, Mandell RB, Lin ST. Initial in vivo tear protein deposition on individual hydrogel contact lenses. Optom Vis Sci 1990; 67: 504–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods CA, Efron N. Regular replacement of extended wear rigid gas permeable contact lenses. CLAO J 1996; 22: 172–178.
   Google Scholar
• Swarbrick HA, Holden BA. Rigid gas permeable lens binding: significance and contributing factors. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1987; 64: 815–823.
   Google Scholar
• Dumbleton KA, Guillon M, Theodoratos P et al. Diurnal variation in comfort in contact lens and non‐contact lens wearers. Optom Vis Sci 2016; 93: 820–827.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brennan NA, Efron N. Symptomatology of HEMA contact lens wear. Optom Vis Sci 1989; 66: 834–838.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumbleton K, Caffery B, Dogru M et al. The TFOS International Workshop on Contact Lens Discomfort: report of the subcommittee on epidemiology. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54: TFOS20–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichols JJ, Willcox MD, Bron AJ et al. The TFOS International Workshop on Contact Lens Discomfort: executive summary. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54: TFOS7–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papas EB, Tilia D, Tomlinson D et al. Consequences of wear interruption for discomfort with contact lenses. Optom Vis Sci 2014; 91: 24–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efron N. Contact lens wear is intrinsically inflammatory. Clin Exp Optom 2017; 100: 3–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willcox M. Is there a role for inflammation in contact lens discomfort? Eye Contact Lens 2017; 43: 5–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alzahrani Y, Colorado LH, Pritchard N et al. Longitudinal changes in Langerhans cell density of the cornea and conjunctiva in contact lens‐induced dry eye. Clin Exp Optom 2017; 100: 33–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masoudi S, Zhao Z, Stapleton F et al. Contact lens‐induced discomfort and inflammatory mediator changes in tears. Eye Contact Lens 2017; 43: 40–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan PB, Maldonado‐codina C, Efron N. Comfort response to rigid and soft hyper‐transmissible contact lenses used for continuous wear. Eye Contact Lens 2003; 29: S127–130.
   Google Scholar
• Vreugdenhil W, Geerards AJ, Vervaet CJ. A new rigid gas‐permeable semi‐scleral contact lens for treatment of corneal surface disorders. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 1998; 21: 85–88.
   Google Scholar
• Romero‐jimenez M, Flores‐rodriguez P. Utility of a semi‐scleral contact lens design in the management of the irregular cornea. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2013; 36: 146–150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young G. Soft lens design and fitting. In: Efron N, ed. Contact Lens Practice, 3rd edn. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2017. pp 86–94.
   Google Scholar
• Young G. Rigid lens design and fitting. In: Efron N, ed. Contact Lens Practice, 3rd edn. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2017. pp 143–155.
   Google Scholar
• Lindsay RG. Soft toric lens design and fitting. In: Efron N, ed. Contact Lens Practice, 3rd edn. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2017. pp 95–102.
   Google Scholar
• Young G, Efron N. Characteristics of the pre‐lens tear film during hydrogel contact lens wear. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1991; 11: 53–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atchison DA, Markwell EL, Kasthurirangan S et al. Age‐related changes in optical and biometric characteristics of emmetropic eyes. J Vis 2008; 8: 29.1–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efron N. Papillary conjunctivitis. In: Efron N, ed. Contact Lens Complications, 3rd edn. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2012. pp 122–132.
   Google Scholar
• Efron N. Dry eye. In: Efron N, ed. Contact Lens Complications, 3rd edn. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2012. pp 76–94.
   Google Scholar
• Rumpakis J. New data on contact lens dropouts: An international perspective. Review of Optometry 2010. [Cited 27 Feb 2017.] Available at: https://www.reviewofoptometry.com/article/new-data-on-contact-lens-dropouts-an-international-perspective
   Google Scholar
• Sulley A, Young G, Hunt C. Factors in the success of new contact lens wearers. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2017; 40: 15–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pritchard N, Fonn D, Brazeau D. Discontinuation of contact lens wear: a survey. Int Contact Lens Clin 1999; 26: 157–162.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dumbleton K, Woods CA, Jones LW et al. The impact of contemporary contact lenses on contact lens discontinuation. Eye Contact Lens 2013; 39: 93–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewbank A. Understanding the CL consumer: Part 2: Pricing, dropout and communication. Optician 2013; 245: 26–30.
   Google Scholar
• Efron N, Efron SE, Morgan PB et al. A ‘cost‐per‐wear' model based on contact lens replacement frequency. Clin Exp Optom 2010; 93: 253–260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichols JJ, Marsich MM, Nguyen M et al. Overnight orthokeratology. Optom Vis Sci 2000; 77: 252–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sankaridurg P, Holden B, Smith E, 3rd et al. Decrease in rate of myopia progression with a contact lens designed to reduce relative peripheral hyperopia: one‐year results. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52: 9362–9367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walline JJ, Jones LA, Rah MJ et al. Contact Lenses in Pediatrics (CLIP) Study: chair time and ocular health. Optom Vis Sci 2007; 84: 896–902.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li L, Moody K, Tan DT et al. Contact lenses in pediatrics study in Singapore. Eye Contact Lens 2009; 35: 188–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C, Hefflin B, Cope JU et al. Emergency department visits for medical device‐associated adverse events among children. Pediatrics 2010; 126: 247–259.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindsay RG, Chi JT. Contact lens management of infantile aphakia. Clin Exp Optom 2010; 93: 3–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalmers RL, Keay L, Long B et al. Risk factors for contact lens complications in US clinical practices. Optom Vis Sci 2010; 87: 725–735.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saw SM, Gazzard G, Shih‐yen EC et al. Myopia and associated pathological complications. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2005; 25: 381–391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downie LE, Lindsay RG. Contact lens management of keratoconus. Clin Exp Optom 2015; 98: 299–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efron SE. Post‐refractive surgery. In: Efron N, ed. Contact Lens Practice, 3rd edn. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2017. pp 282–286.
   Google Scholar
• Carnt N, Keay L, Willcox M et al. Higher risk taking propensity of contact lens wearers is associated with less compliance. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2011; 34: 202–206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young G, Young AG, Lakkis C. Review of complications associated with contact lenses from unregulated sources of supply. Eye Contact Lens 2014; 40: 58–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichols JJ. Contact lenses 2016. Contact Lens Spectrum. January 1, 2017. [Cited 8 Mar 2017.] Available at: http://www.clspectrum.com/issues/2017/january/contact‐lenses‐2016
   Google Scholar
• US Food and Drug Administration. Buying contact lenses. [Cited 8 Mar 2017.] Available at: https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/HomeHealthandConsumer/ConsumerProducts/ContactLenses/ucm062347.htm
   Google Scholar
• Fogel J, Zidile C. Contact lenses purchased over the internet place individuals potentially at risk for harmful eye care practices. Optometry 2008; 79: 23–35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sorbara L, Zimmerman AB, Mitchell GL et al. Multicenter testing of a risk assessment survey for soft contact lens wearers with adverse events: A Contact Lens Assessment in Youth study. Eye Contact Lens 2016. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICL.0000000000000305.
   Google Scholar
• Wu Y, Carnt N, Stapleton F. Contact lens user profile, attitudes and level of compliance to lens care. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2010; 33: 183–188.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalmers RL, Wagner H, Kinoshita B et al. Is purchasing lenses from the prescriber associated with better habits among soft contact lens wearers? Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2016; 39: 435–441.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Optometry Board of Australia. Guidelines on the prescription of ocular appliances. 2011. [Cited 8 Mar 2017.] Available at: http://www.optometryboard.gov.au/Policies‐Codes‐Guidelines.aspx
   Google Scholar
• General Optical Council. Opticians Act 1989. [Cited 8 Mar 2017.] Available at: https://www.optical.org/en/about_us/legislation/opticians_act.cfm
   Google Scholar
• British Contact Lens Association and General Optical Council. Buying contact lenses. [Cited 22 Feb 2017.] Available at: https://www.optical.org/download.cfm?docid=0C986F53-097D-4D39-B7FD5CF074BC0EB6
   Google Scholar