154
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research

Ocular biometry, refraction and time spent outdoors during daylight in Irish schoolchildren

&
Pages 167-176 | Received 24 Nov 2018, Accepted 23 Apr 2019, Published online: 21 Apr 2021

References

  • Logan NS, Shah P, Rudnicka AR et al. Childhood ethnic differences in ametropia and ocular biometry: the Aston Eye Study. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2011; 31: 550–558.
  • French AN, O'donoghue L, Morgan IG et al. Comparison of refraction and ocular biometry in European Caucasian children living in Northern Ireland and Sydney, Australia. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53: 4021.
  • Guo Y, Liu LJ, Xu L et al. Myopic shift and outdoor activity among primary school children: one‐year follow‐up study in Beijing. PLoS One 2013; 8: e75260.
  • Read SA, Collins MJ, Vincent SJ. Light exposure and eye growth in childhood. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56: 6779.
  • Saw S‐M, Carkeet A, Chia K‐S et al. Component dependent risk factors for ocular parameters in Singapore Chinese children. Ophthalmology 2002; 109: 2065–2071.
  • Tideman JWL, Polling JR, Jaddoe VWV et al. Environmental risk factors can reduce axial length elongation and myopia incidence in 6‐ to 9‐year‐old children. Ophthalmology 2019; 126: 127–136.
  • Guo Y, Liu LJ, Xu L et al. Outdoor activity and myopia among primary students in rural and urban regions of Beijing. Ophthalmology 2013; 120: 277–283.
  • Cui D, Trier K, Munk ribel‐madsen S. Effect of day length on eye growth, myopia progression, and change of corneal power in myopic children. Ophthalmology 2013; 120: 1074–1079.
  • Donovan L, Sankaridurg P, Ho A et al. Myopia progression in Chinese children is slower in summer than in winter. Optom Vis Sci 2012; 89: 1196–1202.
  • Ulaganathan S, Read SA, Collins MJ et al. Influence of seasons upon personal light exposure and longitudinal axial length changes in young adults. Acta Ophthalmol 2019; 97: e256–e265.
  • Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA et al. Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology 2016; 123: 1036–1042.
  • Adamsson M, Laike T, Morita T. Annual variation in daily light exposure and circadian change of melatonin and cortisol concentrations at a northern latitude with large seasonal differences in photoperiod length. J Physiol Anthropol 2017; 36: 6.
  • Sunrise and Sunset Times in Dublin [Internet]. June 2018 [cited 27 Nov 2018.] Available at: https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/ireland/dublin?month=6&year = 2018.
  • Harrington SC, Stack J, Saunders K et al. Refractive error and visual impairment in Ireland schoolchildren. Br J Ophthalmol 2018. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312573.
  • French AN, Morgan IG, Mitchell P et al. Risk factors for incident myopia in Australian schoolchildren: the Sydney adolescent vascular and eye study. Ophthalmology 2013; 120: 2100–2108.
  • Jones LA, Sinnott LT, Mutti DO et al. Parental history of myopia, sports and outdoor activities, and future myopia. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48: 3524–3532.
  • Wu PC, Tsai CL, Wu HL et al. Outdoor activity during class recess reduces myopia onset and progression in school children. Ophthalmology 2013; 120: 1080–1085.
  • Jin JX, Hua WJ, Jiang X et al. Effect of outdoor activity on myopia onset and progression in school‐aged children in northeast China: the Sujiatun Eye Care Study. BMC Ophthalmol 2015; 15: 73.
  • Wu LJ, Wang YX, You QS et al. Risk factors of myopic shift among primary school children in Beijing, China: a prospective study. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12: 633–638.
  • Ngo C, Saw SM, Dharani R et al. Does sunlight (bright lights) explain the protective effects of outdoor activity against myopia? Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2013; 33: 368–372.
  • Chakraborty R, Ostrin LA, Nickla DL et al. Circadian rhythms, refractive development, and myopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2018; 38: 217–245.
  • Flitcroft DI. The complex interactions of retinal, optical and environmental factors in myopia aetiology. Prog Retin Eye Res 2012; 31: 622–660.
  • Bagheri A, Givrad S, Yazdani S et al. Optimal dosage of cyclopentolate 1% for complete cycloplegia: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 294–300.
  • Mohan K, Sharma A. Optimal dosage of cyclopentolate 1% for cycloplegic refraction in hypermetropes with brown irides. Indian J Ophthalmol 2011; 59: 514–516.
  • Harrington SC, Stack J, O'dwyer V. Risk factors associated with myopia in schoolchildren in Ireland. Br J Ophthalmol 2019. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313325.
  • Rudnicka AR, Owen CG, Nightingale CM et al. Ethnic differences in the prevalence of myopia and ocular biometry in 10‐ and 11‐year‐old children: the Child Heart and Health Study in England (CHASE). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51: 6270–6276.
  • Ojaimi E, Rose KA, Morgan IG et al. Distribution of ocular biometric parameters and refraction in a population‐based study of Australian children. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46: 2748.
  • Schuster AK, Pfeiffer N, Nickels S et al. Distribution of anterior chamber angle width and correlation with age, refraction, and anterior chamber depth—the Gutenberg Health Study. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 57: 3740.
  • Huang D, Chen X, Gong Q et al. Ocular biometric parameters among 3‐year‐old Chinese children: testability, distribution and association with anthropometric parameters OPEN. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 29577.
  • Khan AO. The relationship of axial length to cycloplegic refraction and keratometry in amblyopic eyes of hyperopic children. J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2012; 16: 46–48.
  • Gwiazda J, Deng L, Manny R et al. Seasonal variations in the progression of myopia in children enrolled in the correction of myopia evaluation trial. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55: 752–758.
  • Read SA, Vincent SJ, Tan C‐S et al. Patterns of daily outdoor light exposure in Australian and Singaporean children. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2018; 7: 8.
  • Guggenheim JA, Northstone K, Mcmahon G et al. Time outdoors and physical activity as predictors of incident myopia in childhood: a prospective cohort study. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53: 2856–2865.
  • Burfield HJ, Patel NB, Ostrin LA. Ocular biometric diurnal rhythms in emmetropic and myopic adults. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59: 5176–5187.
  • Nickla DL. Ocular diurnal rhythms and eye growth regulation: where we are 50 years after Lauber. Exp Eye Res 2013; 114: 25–34.
  • Fleissner G, Fleissner G. Perception of natural zeitgeber signals. In: Kumar V, ed. Biological Rhythms. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2002. pp. 83–93.
  • Ashby R, Ohlendorf A, Schaeffel F. The effect of ambient illuminance on the development of deprivation myopia in chicks. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50: 5348–5354.
  • Smith EL, Hung L‐F, Huang J. Protective effects of high ambient lighting on the development of form‐deprivation myopia in rhesus monkeys. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53: 421–428.
  • Wildsoet CF, Chia A, Cho P et al. IMI‐interventions for controlling myopia onset and progression report. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60: M106–M131.
  • Pan C‐W, Wu R‐K, Liu H et al. Types of lamp for homework and myopia among Chinese school‐aged children. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2018; 25: 250–256.
  • Hua W‐J, Jin J‐X, Wu X‐Y et al. Elevated light levels in schools have a protective effect on myopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2015; 35: 252–262.
  • French AN, Morgan IG, Mitchell P et al. Patterns of myopigenic activities with age, gender and ethnicity in Sydney schoolchildren. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2013; 33: 318–328.
  • Ostrin LA, Sajjadi A, Benoit JS. Objectively measured light exposure during school and summer in children. Optom Vis Sci 2018; 95: 332–342.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.