287
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Invited Review

Stand magnifiers for low vision: description, prescription, assessment

, BAppSci (Optom) MSc BA PhD
Pages 11-20 | Received 11 Apr 2019, Accepted 03 Jul 2019, Published online: 15 Apr 2021

REFERENCES

  • Virgili G, Acosta R, Grover LL et al. Reading aids for adults with low vision. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013: CD003303.
  • Peterson RC, Wolffsohn JS, Rubinstein M et al. Benefits of electronic vision enhancement systems (EVES) for the visually impaired. Am J Ophthalmol 2003; 136: 1129–1135.
  • Lindsay J, Bickerstaff D, Mcglade A et al. Low vision service delivery: an audit of newly developed outreach clinics in Northern Ireland. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2004; 24: 360–368.
  • Gao G, Yu M, Dai J et al. Demographic and clinical characteristics of a paediatric low vision population in a low vision clinic in China. Clin Exp Optom 2016; 99: 274–279.
  • Bowers A, Cheong AM, Lovie‐kitchin JE. Reading with optical magnifiers: page navigation strategies and difficulties. Optom Vis Sci 2007; 84: 9–20.
  • Cheong AM, Lovie‐kitchin JE, Bowers AR et al. Short‐term in‐office practice improves reading performance with stand magnifiers for people with AMD. Optom Vis Sci 2005; 82: 114–127.
  • Fincham WHA, Freeman MH. The principles of optical instruments. In: Optics, 8th ed. London: Butterworths, 1980. pp. 155–174.
  • Bailey IL, Bullimore MA, Greer RB et al. Low vision magnifiers‐‐their optical parameters and methods for prescribing. Optom Vis Sci 1994; 71: 689–698.
  • Brown WL, Siemsen DW. Magnification labels for stand magnifiers: always misleading and usually unachievable. Optometry 2008; 79: 9–17.
  • Bullimore MA, Bailey IL. Stand magnifiers: an evaluation of new optical aids from COIL. Optom Vis Sci 1989; 66: 766–773.
  • Johnston AW. Understanding how simple magnifiers provide image enlargement. Clin Exp Optom 2003; 86: 403–408.
  • Rumney NJ. Hand magnifiers. In: Jackson JA, Wolffsohn JS, Bailey IL, eds. Low Vision Manual. Edinburgh: Butterworth Heinemann Elsevier, 2007. pp. 198–209.
  • Wolffsohn JS. Stand magnifiers. In: Jackson JA, Wolffsohn JS, Bailey IL, eds. Low Vision Manual. Edinburgh: Butterworth Heinemann Elsevier, 2007. pp. 210–222.
  • Chung ST, Johnston AW. New stand magnifiers do not meet rated levels of performance. Clin Exp Optom 1990; 73: 194–199.
  • International Standards Organization.15253. Opthalmic Optics and Instruments‐ Optical Devices for Enhancing Low Vision. Geneva, Switzerland, 2000.
  • Smith G, Jacobs RJ, Johnston AW. Procedures for the optical assessment of low vision aids. Aust J Optom 1979; 62: 195–200.
  • Bailey IL. Magnification for near vision. Optom Mon 1980; 71: 73–76.
  • Johnston AW. Technical note: the relationship between magnification and field of view for simple magnifiers. Aust J Optom 1982; 65: 74–77.
  • Chung ST, Johnston AW. Practical options for magnification and field of view of stand magnifiers. Clin Exp Optom 1989; 72: 140–147.
  • Smith G, Atchison DA. A3 schematic eyes. In: The Eye and Visual Optical Instruments. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. pp. 777–792.
  • Smith G, Atchison DA. The eye. In: The Eye and Visual Optical Instruments. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. pp. 291–316.
  • Lovie‐kitchin J, Bowman KJ. Senile Macular Degeneration‐Management and Rehabilitation, 1st ed. Boston: Butterworths, 1985. p. 96.
  • Legge GE, Pelli DG, Rubin GS et al. Psychophysics of reading‐‐I. Normal vision. Vision Res 1985; 25: 239–252.
  • Legge GE, Rubin GS, Pelli DG et al. Psychophysics of reading‐‐II. Low vision. Vision Res 1985; 25: 253–265.
  • Whittaker SG, Lovie‐kitchin J. Visual requirements for reading. Optom Vis Sci 1993; 70: 54–65.
  • Bullimore MA, Bailey IL. Reading and eye movements in age‐related maculopathy. Optom Vis Sci 1995; 72: 125–138.
  • Cheong AC, Lovie‐kitchin JE, Bowers AR. Determining magnification for reading with low vision. Clin Exp Optom 2002; 85: 229–237.
  • Lovie‐kitchin JE, Whittaker SG. Prescribing near magnification for low vision patients. Clin Exp Optom 1999; 82: 214–224.
  • Lovie‐Kitchin J. Reading with low vision: the impact of research on clinical management. Clin Exp Optom 2011; 94: 121–132.
  • Ahn SJ, Legge GE, Luebker A. Printed cards for measuring low‐vision reading speed. Vision Res 1995; 35: 1939–1944.
  • Legge GE, Ross JA, Isenberg LM et al. Psychophysics of reading. Clinical predictors of low‐vision reading speed. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1992; 33: 677–687.
  • Wolffsohn JS, Eperjesi F. Predicting prescribed magnification. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2004; 24: 334–338.
  • Eschenbach. Eschenbach Products Stand Magnifiers 2013. Available at: https://eschenbach.com/products/illuminated-stand-magnifiers.asp. Accessed 19/07/2019.
  • Bailey IL. Verifying near vision magnifiers‐ part 2. Optom Mon 1981; 72: 34–38.
  • Rumney NJ. New range of stand magnifiers based on standardized image position. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1994; 14: 419–422.
  • Dillehay SM, Pensyl CD. Low vision aids and the presbyope. J Am Optom Assoc 1991; 62: 704–710.
  • Bailey IL. Low vision‐ locating the image in stand magnifiers ‐ an alternative method. Optom Wkly 1983; 74: 487–488.
  • Carkeet A, Gambrill B, Harding M et al. Measurement of stand magnifier equivalent viewing distance, using digital photography. Poster. Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Optometry Seattle, 2013.
  • Legge GE, Mullen KT, Woo GC et al. Tolerance to visual defocus. J Opt Soc Am A 1987; 4: 851–863.
  • Tucker J, Charman WN. The depth‐of‐focus of the human eye for Snellen letters. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1975; 52: 3–21.
  • Jacobs RJ, Johnston AW. Evaluation of low vision aids. Aust J Optom 1982; 65: 213–216.
  • Fine EM, Kirschen MP, Peli E. The necessary field of view to read with an optimal stand magnifier. J Am Optom Assoc 1996; 67: 382–389.
  • Bailey IL. Berkeley Yellow Pages‐ Bailey, Catalog of Optical Parameters of Low Vision Aids 2018. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329105246_Berkeley_Yellow_Pages-_Bailey. Accessed 19/07/2019.
  • Liebrand‐schurink J, Cox RF, van Rens GH et al. Effective and efficient stand magnifier use in visually impaired children. Front Psych 2016; 7: 944.
  • Liebrand‐schurink J, Boonstra FN, van Rens GH et al. Shape of magnifiers affects controllability in children with visual impairment. Acta Ophthalmol 2016; 94: 761–767.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.