291
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

3‐D printed spectacles: potential, challenges and the future

, PhD BOptom (Hons) PGCertOcThera, , PhD MPH, , MEng (Biomed) BEng (Elec), , PhD, , LLB BA, , MBBS FCPS & , MPH BOptom (Hons) GC (OcTher) show all
Pages 590-596 | Received 15 Apr 2019, Accepted 06 Dec 2019, Published online: 15 Apr 2021

REFERENCES

  • Schubert C, van Langeveld MC, Donoso LA. Innovations in 3D printing: a 3D overview from optics to organs. Br J Ophthalmol 2013; 98: 159–161.
  • Lee J‐Y, An J, Chua CK. Fundamentals and applications of 3D printing for novel materials. Appl Mat Today 2017; 7: 120–133.
  • Ventola CL. Medical applications for 3D printing: current and projected uses. P T 2014; 39: 704–711.
  • Berman B. 3‐D printing: the new industrial revolution. Bus Horiz 2012; 55: 155–162.
  • Watson JK, Taminger KMB. A decision‐support model for selecting additive manufacturing versus subtractive manufacturing based on energy consumption. J Clean Prod 2018; 176: 1316–1322.
  • Bogue R. 3D printing: the dawn of a new era in manufacturing? Assembly Autom 2013; 33: 307–311.
  • Liu QB, Leu MC, Schmitt SM. Rapid prototyping in dentistry: technology and application. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 2006; 29: 317–335.
  • Herbert N, Simpson D, Spence WD et al. A preliminary investigation into the development of 3‐D printing of prosthetic sockets. J Rehabil Res Dev 2005; 42: 141.
  • Huang W, Zhang X. 3D printing: print the future of ophthalmology. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55: 5380–5381.
  • Gross BC, Erkal JL, Lockwood SY et al. Evaluation of 3D printing and its potential impact on biotechnology and the chemical sciences. Anal Chem 2014; 86: 3240–3253.
  • Ostuzzi F, Rognoli V, Saldien J et al. +TUO project: low cost 3D printers as helpful tool for small communities with rheumatic diseases. Rapid Prototyp J 2015; 21: 491–505.
  • Kruth JP, Wang X, Laoui T et al. Lasers and materials in selective laser sintering. Assembly Autom 2003; 23: 357–371.
  • Kruth J‐P, Mercelis P, Van vaerenbergh J et al. Binding mechanisms in selective laser sintering and selective laser melting. Rapid Prototyp J 2005; 11: 26–36.
  • Vinger PF, Parver L, Alfaro DV 3rd et al. Shatter resistance of spectacle lenses. JAMA 1997; 277: 142–144.
  • Ho HCH, Cheung WL, Gibson I. Morphology and properties of selective laser sintered bisphenol a polycarbonate. Ind Eng Chem Res 2003; 42: 1850–1862.
  • Shi Y, Chen J, Wang Y et al. Study of the selective laser sintering of polycarbonate and postprocess for parts reinforcement. Proc Inst Mech Eng Pt L J Mater Des Appl 2007; 221: 37–42.
  • Smith & Nephew ‐ Orthopaedics. Biocompatibility of Medical Grade Nylon. USA: Smith & Nephew, Inc, 2009.
  • Xia M, Gu D, Yu G et al. Influence of hatch spacing on heat and mass transfer, thermodynamics and laser processability during additive manufacturing of Inconel 718 alloy. Int K Mach Tools Manuf 2016; 109: 147–157.
  • Vandenbroucke B, Kruth J. Selective laser melting of biocompatible metals for rapid manufacturing of medical parts. Rapid Prototyp J 2007; 13: 196–203.
  • Melchels FP, Feijen J, Grijpma DW. A review on stereolithography and its applications in biomedical engineering. Biomaterials 2010; 31: 6121–6130.
  • Zhao T, Li X, Yu R et al. Silicone–epoxy‐based hybrid photopolymers for 3D printing. Macromol Chem Phys 2018; 219: 1700530.
  • Chia HN, Wu BM. Recent advances in 3D printing of biomaterials. J Biol Eng 2015; 9: 4.
  • 3D Systems. Plastic Materials. 2019. [Cited Feb 2019.] Available at: https://au.3dsystems.com/materials/plastic.
  • Rengier F, Mehndiratta A, von Tengg‐kobligk H et al. 3D printing based on imaging data: review of medical applications. Int J Comput Ass Rad 2010; 5: 335–341.
  • Gandhi SB. 3D Printing of Transparent Materials for Optical Applications. Ann Arbor: Rochester Institute of Technology, 2017. p. 65.
  • Cellulose From Finland. 3D‐Printing of Cellulose‐Based Materials. 2016. [Cited Feb 2017.] Available at: http://cellulosefromfinland.fi/3d-printing-of-cellulose-based-materials/.
  • KEYTECH Srl. 3D Printing Acetate Cellulose Filament Glasses 2. 2014. [Cited July 2018.] Available at: http://www.arborbiokaps.com/MATERIALI-EN.htm.
  • Cui X, Boland T, D'lima DD et al. Thermal inkjet printing in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul 2012; 6: 149–155.
  • Yang H, Lim JC, Liu Y et al. Performance evaluation of ProJet multi‐material jetting 3D printer. Virtual Phys Prototy 2017; 12: 95–103.
  • Fahad M, Dickens P, Gilbert M. Novel polymeric support materials for jetting based additive manufacturing processes. Rapid Prototyp J 2013; 19: 230–239.
  • Willis K, Brockmeyer E, Hudson S et al. Printed optics: 3D printing of embedded optical elements for interactive devices. In: Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology; Oct 2012; Minneapolis, USA. New York: ACM; 2012.
  • Xu X, Meteyer S, Perry N et al. Energy consumption model of binder‐jetting additive manufacturing processes. Int J Prod Res 2015; 53: 7005–7015.
  • Gibson I, Rosen D, Stucker B. Additive Manufacturing Technologies: 3D Printing, Rapid Prototyping, and Direct Digital Manufacturing. Springer New York: New York, NY, 2015.
  • Langefeld B. Additive Manufacturing ‐ A Game Changer for the Manufacturing Industry. Roland Berger Strategy Consultants: Munich, 2013.
  • Sames WJ, List FA, Pannala S et al. The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing. Int Mater Rev 2016; 61: 315–360.
  • George M, Aroom KR, Hawes HG et al. 3D printed surgical instruments: the design and fabrication process. World J Surg 2016; 41: 314–319.
  • Anderson I. Mechanical properties of specimens 3D printed with virgin and recycled Polylactic acid. 3D Print Addit Manuf 2017; 4: 110–115.
  • Turku I, Kasala S, Kärki T. Characterization of polystyrene wastes as potential extruded feedstock filament for 3D printing. Dent Rec 2018; 3: 57.
  • Shah AA, Hasan F, Hameed A et al. Biological degradation of plastics: a comprehensive review. J Biotechnol Advances 2008; 26: 246–265.
  • Dimitrov D, Schreve K, de Beer N. Advances in three dimensional printing – state of the art and future perspectives. Rapid Prototyp J 2006; 12: 136–147.
  • Smith WC, Dean RW. Structural characteristics of fused deposition modeling polycarbonate material. Polym Test 2013; 32: 1306–1312.
  • Kęsy A, Kotliński J. Mechanical properties of parts produced by using polymer jetting technology. Arch Civ Mech Eng 2010; 10: 37–50.
  • Spencer J, Dickens PM, Cobb RC. Surface finishing techniques for rapid prototyping ‐ PE93‐169. In: Rapid Prototyping Conference; 1993 May 11‐13; Dearborn, USA. Society of Manufacturing Engineers; 1993.
  • Chohan JS, Singh R. Pre and post processing techniques to improve surface characteristics of FDM parts: a state of art review and future applications. Rapid Prototyp J 2017; 23: 495–513.
  • Formlabs Inc. Guide to Transparent 3D Printing with Clear Resin, 2019. [Cited Jan 2019.] Available at: https://formlabs.com/blog/3d‐printing‐transparent‐parts‐techniques‐for‐finishing‐clear‐resin/.
  • Stanic M, Lozo B, Gregor SD. Colorimetric properties and stability of 3D prints. Rapid Prototyp 2012; 18: 120–128.
  • Cameron D, Boucher A. Dyeing SLS Parts. London: Interaction Research Studio, 2014.
  • Ayyildiz O. Customised spectacles using 3‐D printing technology. Clin Exp Optom 2018; 101: 747–751.
  • Luxexcel. Ophthalmic Products. [Cited Jan 2018.] Available at: https://www.luxexcel.com/ophthalmic-product/.
  • Neely D. Luxexcel 3‐D Printed Lenses ‐ Report of ISO 8980‐1:2004 Focal Power. FL: COLTS Laboratories, 2017.
  • Boulton Eyewear. From Your Face to a Perfect Fitting Frame in Just a Few Simple Steps. 2016. [Cited Feb 2017.] Available at: http://boultoneyewear.com/how-it-works/.
  • Dhuru R. This eyewear is set to change how you see: Yuniku. In: 3D Printing Blog | Behind the Scenes of 3D Printing: Materialise, 2016. [Cited Jul 2018.] Available at: http://www.materialise.com/blog/this-eyewear-is-set-to-change-how-you-see-yuniku/.
  • Protos Eyewear. Eyewear 3D Printed to Fit You. 2014. [Cited Jul 2018.] Available at: http://www.protoseyewear.com/index.html.
  • MYKITA GmbH. About Mykita Mylon. 2018. [Cited 2018.] Available at: https://mykita.com/en/mylon.
  • Monoqool. 3D Printing is a Game Changer ‐ and it's Going to Change How Glasses are Designed and Made. [Cited Jul 2018.] Available at: https://monoqool.com/3d-printed-glasses/.
  • Deckard CR. Apparatus for producing parts by selective sintering. In: Patent US ed. USA: Board of Regents, The University of Texas System, 1997.
  • Wires Glasses. About: Nothing Fits Better. 2016. [Cited Jan 2017.] Available at: https://wiresglasses.com/about/.
  • Mendoza HR. Safilo and the Stratasys J750 3D Printer: Making Beautiful Eyewear Together. 2016. [Cited Dec 2017.] Available at: https://3dprint.com/154296/safilo-stratasys-eyewear/.
  • International Organization for Standardization. Ophthalmic Optics ‐ Spectacle Frames ‐ Requirements and Test Methods. Switzerland: ISO, 2016.
  • Pei E, Ian campbell R, de Beer D. Entry‐level RP machines: how well can they cope with geometric complexity? Assembly Autom 2011; 31: 153–160.
  • Conner BP, Manogharan GP, Meyers KL. An assessment of implementation of entry‐level 3D printers from the perspective of small businesses. Rapid Prototyp J 2015; 21: 582–597.
  • Roberson D, Espalin D, Wicker R. 3D printer selection: a decision‐making evaluation and ranking model. Virtual Phys Prototyp 2013; 8: 201–212.
  • Espalin D, Alberto ramirez J, Medina F et al. Multi‐material, multi‐technology FDM: exploring build process variations. Rapid Prototyp J 2014; 20: 236–244.
  • Weinberg M. It will be awesome if they don't screw it up. Public Knowledge 2010.
  • Susson M. Watch the World ‘Burn’: Copyright, Micropatent and the Emergence of 3D Printing. 2013. [Cited Dec 2017.] Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2253109.
  • Pierrakakis K, Kandias M, Gritzali C et al. 3D Printing and its regulation dynamics: The world in front of a paradigm shift. In: Proceeding of the 6th International Conference on Information Law and Ethics; 2014 May 30‐31; Thessaloniki, Greece. Thessaloniki: University of Macedonia Press; 2015.
  • Rejeski D, Zhao F, Huang Y. Research needs and recommendations on environmental implications of additive manufacturing. Addit Manuf 2017; 19: 21–28.
  • Gebler M, Schoot uiterkamp AJM, Visser C. A global sustainability perspective on 3D printing technologies. Energy Policy 2014; 74: 158–167.
  • Mandler R. Method for the manufacture of cost‐optomized spectacle lenses. In: Patent US ed. USA: Optotech Optikmaschinen GMBH, 2015.
  • Kumar S, Czekanski A. Development of filaments using selective laser sintering waste powder. J Clean Prod 2017; 165: 1188–1196.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.