Association between conjunctival goblet cells and corneal resident dendritic cell density changes in new contact lens wearers

REFERENCES

• Riley C, Young G, Chalmers R. Prevalence of ocular surface symptoms, signs, and uncomfortable hours of wear in contact lens wearers: the effect of refitting with daily‐wear silicone hydrogel lenses (senofilcon a). Eye Contact Lens 2006; 32: 281–286.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pflugfelder SC, de Paiva CS, Li D‐Q et al. Epithelial‐immune cell interaction in dry eye. Cornea 2008; 27: S9–S11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams GG, Dilly PN, Kirkness CM. Monitoring ocular disease by impression cytology. Eye 1988; 2: 506–516.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golebiowski B, Chao C, Bui KA et al. Effect of age and contact lens wear on corneal epithelial dendritic cell distribution, density, and morphology. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2020; 43: 84–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson JD, Wright JC. Conjunctival goblet cell densities in ocular surface disease. Arch Ophthalmol 1984; 102: 1049–1051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alzahrani Y, Colorado LH, Pritchard N et al. Inflammatory cell upregulation of the lid wiper in contact lens dry eye. Optom Vis Sci 2016; 93: 917–924.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alzahrani Y, Colorado LH, Pritchard N et al. Longitudinal changes in Langerhans cell density of the cornea and conjunctiva in contact lens‐induced dry eye. Clin Exp Optom 2017; 100: 33–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colorado LH, Alzahrani Y, Pritchard N et al. Time course of changes in goblet cell density in symptomatic and asymptomatic contact lens wearers. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 57: 2888–2894.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pflugfelder SC, De paiva CS, Villarreal AL et al. Effects of sequential artificial tear and cyclosporine emulsion therapy on conjunctival goblet cell density and transforming growth factor‐β2 production. Cornea 2008; 27: 64–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevenson W, Chauhan SK, Dana R. Dry eye disease: an immune‐mediated ocular surface disorder. Arch Ophthalmol 2012; 130: 90–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamagami S, Hamrah P, Miyamoto K et al. CCR5 chemokine receptor mediates recruitment of MHC class II‐positive Langerhans cells in the mouse corneal epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46: 1201–1207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalmers RL, Begley CG, Caffery B. Validation of the 5‐item dry eye questionnaire (DEQ‐5): discrimination across self‐assessed severity and aqueous tear deficient dry eye diagnoses. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2010; 33: 55–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efron N, Morgan PB, Katsara SS. Validation of grading scales for contact lens complications. Ophthal Physl Opt 2001; 21: 17–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A‐G et al. G*Power3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 2007; 39: 175–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalmers RL, Begley CG, Moody K et al. Contact lens dry eye Questionnaire‐8 (CLDEQ‐8) and opinion of contact lens performance. Optom Vis Sci 2012; 80: 1435–1442.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colorado LH, Alzahrani Y, Pritchard N et al. Assessment of conjunctival goblet cell density using laser scanning confocal microscopy versus impression cytology. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2016; 39: 221–226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cronk BC. How to Use SPSS Statistics: A Step‐by‐Step Guide to Analysis and Interpretation, 9th ed. Glendale, CA: Pyrczak Publishing, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Götz M, Jaeger W, Kruse F. Impression cytology as a noninvasive method of conjunctival biopsy and its results. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 1986; 188: 23–28.
   Google Scholar
• Saini J, Rajwanshi A, Dhar S. Clinicopathological correlation of hard contact lens related changes in tarsal conjunctiva by impression cytology. Acta Ophthalmol 1990; 68: 65–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knop E, Brewitt H. Conjunctival cytology in asymptomatic wearers of soft contact lenses. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1992; 230: 340–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adar S, Kanpolat A, Sürücü S et al. Conjunctival impression cytology in patients wearing contact lenses. Cornea 1997; 16: 289–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aragona P, Ferreri G, Micali A et al. Morphological changes of the conjunctival epithelium in contact lens wearers evaluated by impression cytology. Eye 1998; 12: 461–466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albietz JM. Conjunctival histologic findings of dry eye and non‐dry eye contact lens wearing subjects. Eye Contact Lens 2001; 27: 35–40.
   Google Scholar
• Doughty MJ. Contact lens wear and the goblet cells of the human conjunctiva‐a review. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2011; 34: 157–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su P‐Y, Hu F‐R, Chen Y‐M et al. Dendritiform cells found in central cornea by in‐vivo confocal microscopy in a patient with mixed bacterial keratitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2006; 14: 241–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhivov A, Stave J, Vollmar B et al. In vivo confocal microscopic evaluation of Langerhans cell density and distribution in the normal human corneal epithelium. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2005; 243: 1056–1061.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sindt CW, Grout TK, Critser DB et al. Dendritic immune cell densities in the central cornea associated with soft contact lens types and lens care solution types: a pilot study. Clin Ophthalmol 2012; 6: 511–519.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goyal S, Hamrah P. Understanding neuropathic corneal pain—gaps and current therapeutic approaches. Semin Ophthalmol 2016; 31: 59–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colorado LH, Markoulli M, Edwards K. The relationship between corneal dendritic cells, corneal nerve morphology and tear inflammatory mediators and neuropeptides in healthy individuals. Curr Eye Res 2019; 44: 840–848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egan RM, Yorkey C, Black R et al. In vivo behavior of peptide‐specific T cells during mucosal tolerance induction: antigen introduced through the mucosa of the conjunctiva elicits prolonged antigen‐specific T cell priming followed by anergy. J Immunol Res 2000; 164: 4543–4550.
   Google Scholar
• Guzman M, Keitelman I, Sabbione F et al. Desiccating stress‐induced disruption of ocular surface immune tolerance drives dry eye disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 184: 248–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galletti JG, Gabelloni ML, Morande PE et al. Benzalkonium chloride breaks down conjunctival immunological tolerance in a murine model. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6: 24–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbosa FL, Xiao Y, Bian F et al. Goblet cells contribute to ocular surface immune tolerance—implications for dry eye disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18: 978.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Contreras‐ruiz L, Masli S. Immunomodulatory cross‐talk between Conjunctival goblet cells and dendritic cells. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0120284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alzahrani Y, Pritchard N, Efron N. Changes in corneal Langerhans cell density during the first few hours of contact lens wear. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2016; 39: 307–310.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colorado LH, Edwards K, Chinnery HR et al. Migration rate of presumed immature dendritic cells in the healthy living human cornea as imaged with in vivo corneal confocal microscopy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60: 898.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar