Spatial Scale and Population Assignment Choices in Environmental Justice AnalysesFootnote¹

¹Portions of this article appeared in the October 2003 issue of the Collegiate Aviation Review published by the University Aviation Association.

Literature Cited

• ArcGIS . Redlands, CA : Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. . Version 8.0.
   Google Scholar
• ArcGIS . Redlands, CA : Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. . Version 3.2.
   Google Scholar
• Been , Vicki. 1994 . Locally undesirable land uses in minority neighborhoods: Disproportionate siting or market dynamics? . Yale Law Journal , 103 : 1383 – 422 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakraborty , Jayajit and Armstrong , Marc P. 1996 . Using geographic plume analysis to assess community vulnerability to hazardous accidents . Computers, Environment, and Urban Systems , 19 (5/6) : 341 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakraborty , Jayajit , Schweitzer , Lisa A. and Forkenbrock , David J. 1999 . Using GIS to assess the environmental justice consequences of transportation system changes . Transactions in GIS , 3 (3) : 239 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Clinton , William Jefferson. 1994 . Federal actions to address environmental justice in minority populations and low-income populations. Executive Order No. 12898 (11 February 1994), repr . Environment , 36 (May) : 16 – 19 . 12346865
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutter , Susan L. 1995 . Race, class and environmental justice . Progress in Human Geography , 19 (1) : 111 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutter , Susan L. , Holm , Danika and Clark , Lloyd . 1996 . The role of geographic scale in monitoring environmental justice . Risk Analysis , 16 (4) : 517 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Federal Interagency Committee on Noise (FICON) . 1992 . Federal agency review of selected airport noise analysis issues , Vol. 1 , Washington, DC : U.S. Government Printing Office . Policy Report.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher , Peter F. and Langford , Mitch . 1996 . Modeling sensitivity to accuracy in classified imagery: A study of areal interpolation by dasymetric mapping . The Professional Geographer , 48 (August) : 299 – 309 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foreman , Christopher H. Jr. 1998 . The promise and peril of environmental justice , Washington, DC : Brookings Institution Press .
   Google Scholar
• Forkenbrock , David J. and Schweitzer , Lisa A. 1999 . Environmental justice in transportation planning . Journal of the American Planning Association , 65 (Winter) : 96 – 111 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holifield , Ryan. 2001 . Defining environmental justice and environmental racism . Urban Geography , 22 (1) : 78 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Integrated Noise Model Version 6.0b/c . 1999–2003 . Sunnyvale, CA : ATAC Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Liu , Feng. 2001 . Environmental justice analysis , Boca Raton, FL : Lewis Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Margai , Florence Lansana. 2001 . Health risks and environmental inequity: A geographical analysis of accidental releases of hazardous materials . The Professional Geographer , 53 (August) : 422 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• McMaster , Robert B. , Leitner , Helga and Sheppard , Eric . 1997 . GIS-based environmental equity and risk assessment: Methodological problems and prospects . Cartography and Geographic Information Systems , 24 (3) : 172 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Missouri Spatial Data Information Service(MSDIS)/U.S. Census Bureau, Summary File 1, Census 2000. 2001. Missouri Spatial Data Information Service Census 2000 Data (accessed 16 February 2002) http://msdis.missouri.edu/pub/census2000/
   Google Scholar
• Most , Michael T. , Rodriguez , Charles and Burgener , Michael A. 2003 . Reassessing inclusion of environmental justice in the EIS process: A GIS-based study of Lambert-St. Louis International Airport . Collegiate Aviation Review , 21 (October) : 2745
   Google Scholar
• Pellow , David N. 2000 . Environmental inequality formation: Toward a theory of environmental justice . The American Behavioral Scientist , 43 (January) : 581 – 601 .
   Google Scholar
• Perhac , Ralph. 2000 . Environmental Quagmire . Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy , 15 (Fall) : 90 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Pulido , Laura. 1996 . A critical review of the methodology of environmental racism research . Antipode , 28 (2) : 142 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringquist , Evan J. and Clark , David H. 1999 . Local risks, states' rights, and federal mandates: Remedying environmental inequities in the U.S. federal system . Publius , 29 (Spring) : 73 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Sadd , James L. , Pastor , Manuel Jr. , Boer , J. Thomas and Snyder , Lori D. 1999 . “Every breath you take …”: The demographics of toxic air releases in Southern California . Economic Development Quarterly , 13 (May) : 107 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott , M. , Cutter , S. , Menzel , C. , Ji , M. and Wagner , D. 1997 . Spatial accuracy of the EPA's environmental hazards databases and their use in environmental equity analyses . Applied Geographic Studies , 1 (1) : 4561
   Google Scholar
• Steinberg , Michael W. 2000 . Making sense of environmental justice . Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy , 15 (Fall) : 82 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS). Airline on-time Statistics: Detailed statistics. Airline Information (accessed 22 March 2002) http://www.bts.gov/ntda/oai/DetailedStatistics/
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). Federal Aviation Administration . 1990 . “ TABLE 7–Aricraft departures scheduled and aircraft departures performed, by community, by air carrier, and by aircraft type, 12 months ended December 31, 1990 ” . In Airport activity statistics of certificated route air carriers , Washington, DC : U.S. Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). Federal Aviation Administration . 1997 . Lambert-St. Louis International Airport Final environmental impact statement , Kansas City, MO : Midwest Region .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). Federal Aviation Administration . 2000a . Aviation noise abatement policy 2000 . Federal Register , 136 ( 65 ) 14 July : 43802 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), Federal Aviation Administration, 2000b, Environmental Justice Q&A. Policy guidance prepared by the Office of Environment and Energy AEE-200, Interim policy guidance (accessed 10 July 2001) http://www.aee.faa.gov/aee_200/ejq&a.pdf
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) . 2000c . “ Federal Aviation Administration ” . In Airport Activity Statistics of Certificated Route Air Carriers , Washington, DC : U.S. Government Printing Office . TABLE 7–Aircraft departures scheduled and aircraft departures performed, by community, by air carrier, and by aircraft type, 12 months ended December 31, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Williams , Robert W. 1999 . The contested terrain of environmental justice research: Community as unit of analysis . Social Science Journal , 36 (2) : 313 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worsham , Julia B. Latham. 2000 . Disparate impact lawsuits under Title VI, Section 602: Can a legal tool build environmental justice? . Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review , 27 (4) : 631 – 706 .
   Google Scholar