141
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Applying Black Threat Theory, Urban Regime Theory, and Deracialization: The Memphis Mayoral Elections of 1991, 1995, and 1999

, &
Pages 505-519 | Published online: 02 Dec 2016

References

  • Baker, J. 1999. End of the road. Memphis Flyer. Available: http://www.memphisflyer.com/backissues/issue555/poli555.htm[January 31, 2003].
  • Banks, M. 2000. A changing electorate in a majority black city: The emergence of a neo-conservative black urban regime in contemporary Atlanta. Journal of Urban Affairs, 22, 265–278.
  • Beachler, D. 2001. All about race? Electoral politics in Mississippi. Politics & Policy, 29, 585–599.
  • Bureau of the Census. 1981. Cities with 100,000 inhabitants or more in 1980 population 1960 to 1980, and households, 1980. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. pmid/12279548
  • Bureau of the Census. 1997. Cities with 100,000 inhabitants or more in 1994 population 1980 to 1994, and land area, 1990. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
  • Bureau of the Census. 2002. Profile of general demographic characteristics: 2000. CenStats Databases. Available: http://www.cestats.census.gov/data/TN[February 2004].
  • Council offers alternative to mayoral circus. 1999, September 11. The Commercial Appeal, p. A10.
  • Davis, A. 1995a, October 3. Herenton war chest thanks out-of-town pals. The Commercial Appeal, pp. A1–A9.
  • Davis, A. 1995b, September 24. Poll gives Herenton wide lead, substantial support from whites. The Commercial Appeal, p. B1.
  • Dries, B. 1999, October 3. City election splits GOP as some defect to Herenton. The Commercial Appeal, pp. A1–A15.
  • Edmondson, A. 1999, September 24. Candidates vow city hall action on education. The Commercial Appeal, pp. A1–A8.
  • Fontenay, B. 1999, October 6. Ford uses N.Y. story to attack mayor. The Commercial Appeal, pp. B1–B2.
  • Fontenay, B., & Goad, K. 1999, September 9. In race to be mayor, ideas are starting block. The Commercial Appeal, pp. J3–J4.
  • Four more years. 1995, October 8. The Commercial Appeal, pp. A1–A11.
  • Giles, M., & Buckner, M. 1993. David Duke and black threat: An old hypothesis revisited. Journal of Politics, 55, 702–713.
  • Glaser, J. 1994. Back to the black belt: Racial environment and white racial attitudes in the South. Journal of Politics, 56, 21–41.
  • Grofman, B., Handley, L., & Niemi, R. G. 1992. Minority representation and the quest for voting equality. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Harrigan, J., & Vogel, R. 2000. Political change in the metropolis. New York: Addison-Wesley-Longman, Inc.
  • Hobbs, N. 1995a, October 6. Herenton romps to win, says city can share pride. The Commercial Appeal, pp. A1–A12.
  • Hobbs, N. 1995b, October 2. Herenton runs on record; Key rival offers ‘contract.’ The Commercial Appeal, p. E3.
  • Hobbs, N. 1995c, September 10. Pastors see Herenton as ‘healer’ of racist past. The Commercial Appeal, p. B1.
  • Key, V. O. 1949. Southern politics in state and nation. New York: Knopf.
  • Kilborn, P. 1999, October 5. Memphis blacks find poverty’s grip strong. The New York Times, p. A14.
  • King, G. 1997. A solution to the ecological inference problem: Reconstructing individual behavior from aggregate data. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Klose, R. 1995, October 8. Five new faces are big shift on council. The Commercial Appeal, pp. A1–A10.
  • Kraus, N., & Swanstrom, T. 2001a. Minority mayors and the hollow prize problem. PS: Political Science and Politics, 34, 99–106.
  • Kraus, N., & Swantrom, T. 2001b. The continuing significance of race: Black and Hispanic mayors, 1967–1999. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, CA.
  • Langoria, T. 1999. The impact of office on cross-racial voting: Evidence from the 1996 Milwaukee mayoral election. Urban Affairs Review, 34, 596–603.
  • Leighley, J., & Vedlitz, A. 1999. Race, ethnicity, and political participation. Journal of Politics, 61, 1092–1114.
  • Liu, B. 2003. Deracialization and urban racial contexts. Urban Affairs Review, 38, 572–591.
  • McClerking, H. 2001. Looking for ‘threats’ in all the wrong places: A critique of the current use of race as a contextual effect in political science. Politics & Policy, 29, 637–649.
  • McCormick, J., & Jones, C. 1993. The conceptualization of deracialization: Thinking through the dilemma. InG. Persons (Ed.), Dilemma of black politics: Issues of leadership and strategy(pp. 66–84). New York: Harper Collins College Publishers.
  • Mud-slinging, body-slamming. 1999, August 21. Economist, pp. 22–23.
  • Norment, L. 2002, October. Memphis: Mecca on the Mississippi. Ebony, pp. 152–159.
  • Orr, M. 2003. The struggle for black empowerment in Baltimore. InR. Browning, D. R. Marshall, & D. Tabb (Eds.), Racial politics in American cities(pp. 255–278). New York: Longman.
  • Perry, H. 1996. Race, politics, and governance in the United States. Gainesville: University of Florida Press.
  • Persons, G. (Ed.). 1993. Dilemma of black politics: Issues of leadership and strategy. New York: Harper Collins College Publishers.
  • Pohlmann, M., & Kirby, M. 1996. Racial politics at the crossroads: Memphis elects Dr. W.W. Herenton. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press.
  • Stone, C. 1989. Regime politics: Governing Atlanta, 1946–1988. Lawrence, Kansas: The University Press of Kansas.
  • Taylor, M. 1998. How white attitudes vary with racial composition of local populations: Numbers count. American Sociological Review, 63, 512–535.
  • Thorp, S. 1995, September 3. Why’s Herenton running so hard? The Commercial Appeal, p. B7.
  • Vanderleeuw, J. 1991. The influence of racial transition on incumbency advantage in local elections. Urban Affairs Quarterly, 27, 36–50.
  • Wielhouwer, P. 2000. Releasing the fetters: Parties and the mobilization of the African-American electorate. Journal of Politics, 62, 206–222.
  • Wright, S. 2000. Race, power, and political emergence in Memphis. New York: Garland Publishing.
  • Wright, S., & Middleton, R. 2001. The 2001 Los Angeles mayoral election: Implications for deracialization and biracial coalition theories. Politics & Policy, 29, 692–705.
  • Yellin, E. 1999, July 5. Crowded ballot in Memphis will test a family’s power. The New York Times, p. A12.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.