211
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Article

A Late Bronze Age Shipwreck with a Metal Cargo from Hishuley Carmel, Israel

, &
Pages 2-23 | Received 05 Jul 2012, Accepted 05 Jul 2012, Published online: 15 Apr 2021

References

  • Arden, J. and Gale, N. H., 1974, A New Electrochemical Technique for the Separation of Lead at Trace Levels from Natural Silicates, Analytical Chemistry 46, 2–9.
  • Bass, G. F., 1967, Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Ship Wreck, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 57, 1–177.
  • Bass, G. F., 1986, A Bronze Age Shipwreck at Ulu Burun (Kas): 1984 Campaign, American Journal of Archaeology 90, 269–96.
  • Bass, G. F., 1991, Evidence of Trade from Bronze Age Shipwrecks, in N. Gale (ed.), Bronze Age trade in the Mediterranean, 69–82. Goteborg.
  • Bass, G. F., Pulak, C., Collon, D. and Weinstein, J., 1989, The Bronze Age Shipwreck at Uluburun: 1986 Campaign, American Journal of Archaeology 93, 1–29.
  • Begemann, F., Kallas, K., Schmitt‐strecker, S. and Pernicka, E., 1999, Tracing ancient tin via isotope analysis, Der Anschnitt 9, 277–84.
  • Bentley, R. and Chasteen, T., 2002, Arsenic Curiosa and Humanity, Chemistry Educator 7, 251–60.
  • Buchholz, H. G., 1959, Keftiubarren und Erzhandel im zweiten vorchristlichen Jahrtausend, Prahistorische Zeitscrift 37, 1–40.
  • Budd, P., Pollard, A. M., Scaife, B. and Thomas, R. G., 1995, Oxhide ingots, recycling and the Mediterranean metals trade, Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 8, 1–32.
  • Casson, L., 1971, Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World. Princeton.
  • Charles, J. A., 1980, The Coming of Copper and Copper‐Base Alloys and Iron: A Metallurgical Sequence, in T. A. Wertime and J. D. Muhly (eds), The Coming of the Age of Iron, 151–82. New Haven CT.
  • Clayton, R. E., Gillis, C., Pernicka, E. and Gale, N. H., 2005, Further data on the possible use of tin isotopes in provenance and archaeometallurgical studies, in H. Kars and E. Burke (eds), Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on Archaeometry, 2002, Geoarchaeological and Bioarchaeological Studies 3, 309–13. Amsterdam.
  • Finkelstein, I. and Piasetzky E., 2008, Radiocarbon and the history of copper production at Khirbet En‐Nahas, Tel Aviv 35, 82–95.
  • Frost, H., 1970, Bronze‐age stone anchors from the eastern Mediterranean. Dating and identification, Mariners Mirror 56, 377–94.
  • Frost, H., 1973, Anchors. The potsherds of marine archaeology. On the recording of pierced stones from the Mediterranean. in D. J. Blackman (ed.), Colston Papers, 151–82. London.
  • Gale, N. H., 1989, Archaeometallurgical Studies of Late Bronze Age oxhide Copper Ingots from the Mediterranean Region, in A. Hauptman, E. Pernicka and G. A. Wagner (eds), Old World Archeometallurgy, 247–68. Bochum.
  • Gale, N. H., 1991, Copper oxhide ingots: their origin and their place in the Bronze Age metals trade in the Mediterranean, in N. H. Gale (ed.), Bronze Age trade in the Mediterranean, 197–239. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 100, Jonsered, Sweden.
  • Gale, N. H., 1996, A new method for extracting and purifying lead from difficult matrices for isotopic analysis, Analytica Chimica Acta 332, 15–21.
  • Gale, N. H., 2001, Archaeology, Science‐Based Archaeology, and the Mediterranean Bronze Age Metals Trade: a Contribution to the Debate, Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 4, 113–30.
  • Gale, N. H. and Stos‐gale, Z. A., 1982, Bronze Age copper sources in the Mediterranean: a new approach, Science 216, 11–19.
  • Gale, N. H. and Stos‐gale, Z. A., 1989, Some Aspects of Early Cycladic Copper Metallurgy, in C. Domergue (ed.), Mineria y Metalurgia en las Antiguas Civilizaciones Mediterraneas y Europeas 1, 21–38. Madrid.
  • Gale, N. H. and Stos‐gale, Z. A., 1995, Comments on ‘Oxhide ingots, recycling and the Mediterranean metals trade’, Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 1, 33–41.
  • Gale, N. H. and Stos‐gale, Z. A., 2000, Lead Isotope Analyses Applied to Provenance Studies, in E. Ciliberto and G. Spoto (eds), Modern Analytical Methods in Art and Archaeology, 503–84. New York.
  • Gale, N. H., Papastamataki, A., Stos‐gale, Z. A. and Leonis, K., 1985, Copper Sources and Copper Metallurgy in the Aegean Bronze Age, in P. T. Craddock and M. J. Hughes (eds), Proc. Symp. on Early Furnace Technology, British Museum, M Occasional Paper B 48, 81–102. London.
  • Galili, E., 1985, A group of stone anchors from Newe‐Yam, IJNA 14, 143–53.
  • Galili, E. and Raveh, K., 1988, Stone Anchors with Carvings from the Sea off Megadim, Israel, Sefunim 7, 41–7. (Hebrew/English).
  • Galili, E. and Sharvit, J., 1999, Haifa, Underwater Surveys, Hadashot Arkheologiyot 110 Excavations and surveys, 15–20 (Hebrew/English).
  • Galili, E., Sharvit, J. and Artzy, M., 1994, Reconsidering Byblian and Egyptian stone anchors using numeral methods: new finds from the Israeli coast, IJNA 23, 93–107.
  • Galili, E., Shmueli, N. and Artzy, M., 1986, Bronze Age ship's cargo of copper and tin, IJNA 15, 25–37.
  • Galili, E., Weinstein‐evron, M. and Ronen, A., 1988, Holocene Sea‐Level Changes Based on Submerged Archaeological sites off the Northern Carmel Coast in Israel, Quaternary Research 29, 36–42.
  • Haustein, M., Gillis, C. and Pernicka, E., 2010, Tin isotopy—a new method for solving old questions, Archaeometry 52, 816–32.
  • Hirschfeld, N. E., 1990, Incised Marks on Late Helladic and Late Minoan III Pottery, unpublished MA dissertation, Texas A&M University.
  • IUPAC, 1998, Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances, Atomic weights of the elements, Pure and Applied Chemistry 70, 217–35.
  • Lagarce, J., 1986, Herstellung von Kupferrohbarren in Ras ibn Hani (Syrie), in A Von muller and W‐D. Dube (eds), Acta Praehistorica et Archaeologica 18, 85–90. Berlin.
  • Maddin, R., Stech wheeler, T. and Mully, J. M., 1977, Tin in the ancient Near East: old questions and new finds, Expedition 19, 35–47.
  • Mazar, A., 1993, Beth‐Shean, New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in The Holy Land 1, 214–23.
  • Meshel, Z., 1974, History of the Negev during the Reign of the Judea Kings, unpublished PhD thesis, Tel Aviv University (Hebrew).
  • Michael r., J., 2007, Oxhide Ingots, Copper Production and the Mediterranean Trade in Copper and other Metals in the Bronze Age, unpublished Masters dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station TX.
  • Muhly, J. D., 1973a, Copper and Tin: the Distribution of Mineral Resources and the Nature of the Metals Trade in the Bronze Age, Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 43, 155–535.
  • Muhly, J. D., 1973b., Tin Trade Routes of the Bronze Age, American Scientist 61, 404–13.
  • Muhly, J. D., 1985. Sources of Tin and the beginning of Bronze Age Metallurgy, American Journal of Archaeology 89, 275–91.
  • Nowell, G., Clayton, R. E., Gale, N. H. and Stos‐gale, Z. A., 2002, Sources of tin—is isotopic evidence likely to help? in E. Pernicka and M. Bartelheim (eds), Die Anfänge der Metallurgie in der alten Welt, 291–302. Rahden, Westf.
  • Pernicka, E., 1995, Crisis or catharsis in lead isotope analysis? Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 8, 59–64.
  • Petrie, W. M. F., 1917, Tools and Weapons. London.
  • Pinarelli L., 2004, Lead Isotope Characterization of copper ingots from Sardinia (Italy): inferences on their origins. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, 1173–80.
  • Primas, M. and Pernicka, E., 1998, Der Depotfund von Oberwilflingen, Germania 76, 25–65.
  • Pulak, C., 1998, The Uluburun Shipwreck: an Overview, IJNA 27, 188–224.
  • Pulak, C., 2001, The Cargo of the Uluburun Ship and Evidence for Trade with the Aegean and Beyond, in L. Bonfante and V. Karageorghis (eds), Italy and Cyprus in Antiquity 1500–450 BC, 13–60. Nicosia.
  • Pulak, C., 2011, The anchors assemblage of the late Bronze Age Uluburun ship (c.1300 BC), Proceedings of the XVI symposium In Poseidons Reich, 15. Heidelberg.
  • Raban, A. and Galili, E., 1985, Recent maritime archaeological research in Israel: a preliminary report, IJNA 14, 321–56.
  • Rothenberg, B., 1980, Die Archaologie des Verhuttungslagers Site 30, in H. G. Conrad and B. Rothenberg (eds), Antikes Kufper im Timna‐Tal, 4000 Jahre Bergbau und Verhuttung in der Arabah (Israel), 187–214. Bochum.
  • Rowe, A., 1930, TheHistory and Topography of Beth Shan 1. Philadelphia.
  • Sherratt, A. and Sherratt, S., 1991, From Luxuries to Commodities: the Nature of Mediterranean Bronze Age Trading Systems, in N. H. Gale (ed.), Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean, 361–2. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 90, Jonsered, Sweden.
  • Sibella, P., 1996, The Copper Oxhide and Bun Ingots, INA Quarterly 23, 9–11.
  • Stech, T. and Pigott, V. C., 1986, The metals trade in southwest Asia in the third millennium BC, Iraq 48, 39–64.
  • Stos‐gale, Z. A., Gale, N. H. and Zwicker, U., 1986, The copper trade in the south‐east Mediterranean region; preliminary scientific evidence, Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus (Nicosia), 122–44.
  • Stos‐gale, Z., Gale, N., Bass, G., Pulak, C., Galili, E. and Sharvit, J., 1998, The Copper and Tin Ingots of the Late Bronze Age Mediterranean: New Scientific Evidence, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference in the Beginning of the Use on Metals and Alloys (BUMA‐IV), 115–26. The Japan Institute of Metals, Matsue, Shimane, Japan.
  • Wachsmann, S., 1998, Seagoing Ships and Seamanship in the Bronze Age Levant. College Station TX.
  • Wachsmann, S. and Raveh, K., 1984, Concerning a lead Ingot fragment from Hahotrim, Israel, IJNA 13, 169–76.
  • Willies, L., 1990, An Early Bronze Age tin mine in Anatolia, Turkey, Bulletin of the Peak District Mines Historical Society 11.2, 91–6.
  • Willies, L., 1992, Reply to Pernicka et al., Comments on the Discussion of Ancient Tin Sources in Anatolia, Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 5, 99–103.
  • Yener, K. A. and Goodway, M., 1992, Response to Mark E. Hall and Sharon R. Steadman, Tin and Anatolia: Another Look, Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 5, 77–90.
  • Yener, K. A. and Vandiver, P. B., 1993, Reply to J. D. Muhly, Early Bronze Age tin and the Taurus, American Journal of Archaeology 97, 255–64.
  • Yener, K. A., Ozbal H., Kaptan E., Pehlivan N. and Goodway M., 1989, Kestel: An early Bronze Age source of tine ore in the Taurus Mountains, Turkey Science 244, 200–203.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.