A Multi‐disciplinary Approach to the Archaeological Investigation of a Bedrock‐Dominated Shallow‐Marine Landscape: an example from the Bay of Firth, Orkney, UK

References

• Admiralty Survey, 1840, Tracings (in three parts) of part of a trigonometrical survey of the Orkney Islands, by Captain George Thomas, of H.M.S. Mastiff, assisted by F.W.L. Thomas Mate. Orkney Library and Archive, D 12/6.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, S. H., 2011, Ertebølle canoes and paddles from the submerged habitation site of Tybrind Vig, Denmark, in J. Benjamin, C. Bonsall, C. Pickard, and A. Fischer (eds), Submerged Prehistory, 1–14, Oxford: Oxbow Books.
   Google Scholar
• Bailey, G., 2008, Mesolithic Europe: overview and new problems, in G. Bailey, and P. Spikins (eds), Mesolithic Europe, 357–72. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bates, M., R. and Whittaker, K., 2004, Landscape evolution in the Lower Thames Valley: implications of the archaeology of the earlier Holocene period, in J. Cotton, and D. Field (eds), Towards a New Stone Age: aspects of the Neolithic in south‐east England, 50–70, Council for British Archaeology: York, CBA Research Report RR 137.
   Google Scholar
• Benjamin, J., 2010, Submerged Prehistoric Landscapes and Underwater Site Discovery: re‐evaluating the Danish model for international practice. Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 5, 253–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CANMORE, online data base of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. http://www.rcahms.gov.uk/.
   Google Scholar
• Card, N., 2010, Ness of Brodgar. Discovery and Excavation in Scotland 2009, 138–41. Edinburgh: Archaeology Scotland.
   Google Scholar
• Dawson, S. and Smith, D. E., 1997, Holocene relative sea‐level changes on the margins of glacio‐isostatic uplifted area: an example from northern Caithness, Scotland. The Holocene 7, 59–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson, S. and Wickham‐jones, C. R., 2007, Sea‐level change and the prehistory of Orkney. Antiquity 81.312.
   Google Scholar
• De la vega, A.C., Smith, D.E., and Dawson, S., 1996, Holocene relative sea‐level and coastal changes in Scapa Bay, Orkney, in A. M. Hall (ed.), The Quaternary of Orkney. Field Guide, 69–83, Cambridge: Quaternary Research Association UK.
   Google Scholar
• De la vega‐leinert, A.C., Keen, D.H., Jones, R.L., Wells, J.M., and Smith, D.E., 2000, Mid‐Holocene environmental changes in the Bay of Skaill, mainland Orkney, Scotland: an integrated geomorphological, sedimentological and stratigraphical study. Journal of Quaternary Science 15, 509–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downes, J., Foster, S., and Wickham‐jones, C. R., (eds), 2005, The Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage Site, Research Agenda. Edinburgh: Historic Scotland.
   Google Scholar
• Downes, J. and Richards, C., 2000, Excavating the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age of Orkney: Recognition and Interpretation in the Field, in A. Ritchie (ed.), Neolithic Orkney in its European context, 159–68. Cambridge: McDonald Institute monograph.
   Google Scholar
• Firth, J., 1974, Reminiscences of an Orkney Parish. Stromness: Orkney Natural History Society.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer, A., 1995, An entrance to the Mesolithic World Below the Ocean, in A. Fischer (ed.), Man and Sea in the Mesolithic, 371–84, Oxford: Oxbow Books.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer, A., 2004, Submerged Stone Age – Danish examples and North Sea potential, in N. C. Flemming (ed.), Submarine prehistoric archaeology of the North Sea, 21–36, Council for British Archeology: Research Report 141.
   Google Scholar
• Fitch, S., 2011, Mesolithic Landscape of the Southern North Sea. Birmingham: Department of Archaeology, thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy.
   Google Scholar
• Flemming, N. C., 1983, Survival of Submerged Lithic and Bronze Age Artifact sites: a review of case histories, in P. M. Masters, and N. C. Flemming (eds), Quaternary Coastlines and Marine Archaeology, 135–73, London: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gaffney, V., Fitch, S., and Smith, D., 2009, Europe's Lost World, the rediscovery of Doggerland. York: CBA Research Report 160.
   Google Scholar
• Gaffney, V., Thomson, K., and Fitch, S., 2007, Mapping Doggerland. Oxford: Archaeopress.
   Google Scholar
• Grøn O. and Skaarup, J., 2004, Submerged Stone Age Coastal Zones in Denmark: investigation strategies and results, in N. C. Flemming (ed.), Submarine prehistoric archaeology of the North Sea, 53–6, Council for British Archeology: Research Report 141.
   Google Scholar
• Henderson, J. C., Gallou, C., Flemming, N. C., and Spondylis, E., 2011, The Pavlopetri Underwater Archaeology Project: investigating an ancient submerged town, in J. Benjamin, C. Bonsall, C. Pickard, and A. Fischer (eds), Submerged Prehistory, 207–18, Oxford: Oxbow Books.
   Google Scholar
• Katsonopoulou, D., 2002, Helike and her territory in the light of new discoveries, in E. Greco (ed.), Gli Achei e l'identita etnica degli Achei d'occidente, Tekmeria, 3, 205–16. Paestum.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, D. and Woodward, N., 2010, Links House, Stronsay. Discovery and Excavation in Scotland 2009 10, 141.
   Google Scholar
• Lübke, H., Schmölcke, U., and Tauber, F., 2011, Mesolithic Hunter‐Fishers in a Changing World: a case study of submerged sites on the Jäckelberg, Wismar Bay, northeastern German, in J. Benjamin, C. Bonsall, C. Pickard, and A. Fischer (eds), Submerged Prehistory, 21–37, Oxford: Oxbow Books.
   Google Scholar
• Momber, G., 2004, The Inundated Landscapes of the western Solent, in N. C. Flemming (ed.), Submarine prehistoric archaeology of the North Sea, 37–42, Council for British Archaeology: Research Report 141.
   Google Scholar
• Momber, G., 2011, Submerged Landscape Excavations in the Solent, Southern Britain: climate change and cultural development, in J. Benjamin, C. Bonsall, C. Pickard, and A. Fischer (eds), Submerged Prehistory, 85–98, Oxford: Oxbow Books.
   Google Scholar
• Morner, N. A., 1980, Late Quaternary sea‐level changes in north‐western Europe: a synthesis. Geologiska Foreningens i Stockholm Forhandlingar 100, 381–400.
   Google Scholar
• Muir, T., 2003, The West Mainland, in D. Omand (ed.), The Orkney Book, 192–8, Edinburgh: Birlinn.
   Google Scholar
• Nymoen, P. and Skar, B., 2011, The Unappreciated Cultural Landscape: indications of submerged Mesolithic settlement along the Norwegian southern coast, in J. Benjamin, C. Bonsall, C. Pickard, and A. Fischer (eds), Submerged Prehistory, 38–54, Oxford: Oxbow Books.
   Google Scholar
• Palsson, H. and Edwards, P., (translators), 1981, The Orkneyinga Saga. London: Penguin Classics.
   Google Scholar
• RCAHMS, 1946. Twelfth report with an inventory of the ancient monuments of Orkney and Shetland. Edinburgh: HMSO.
   Google Scholar
• Richards, C., (ed.), 2005, Dwelling Among the Monuments. Cambridge: McDonald Institute Monographs.
   Google Scholar
• Ritchie, A., 1990, The First Settlers, in C. Renfrew (ed.), The Prehistory of Orkney BC 4000–1000 AD, 36–53, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
   Google Scholar
• ScARF, in preparation. Scottish Archaeological Research Framework: Palaeolithic and Mesolithic http://www.socantscot.org/content.asp?Page=478&Menu= (accessed March 2012).
   Google Scholar
• Smith, D. E., De la vega, A., and Dawson, S., 1996, Relative sea level changes in Orkney, in A. M. Hall (eds), The Quaternary of Orkney, Quaternary Research Association Field Guide.
   Google Scholar
• Sturt, F., 2005, Fishing for Meaning, Lived Space and the Early Neolithic of Orkney, in V. Cummings, and A. Pannett (eds), Set in Stone, new approaches to Neolithic Monuments in Scotland, 68–80, Oxford: Oxbow Books.
   Google Scholar
• Tait, J., 1912, Prospectus for the Bay of Firth Oyster Fisheries Ltd. Orkney Library and Archive, D10/30/1.
   Google Scholar
• Tizzard, L., Baggaley, P. A., and Firth, A. J., 2011, Sea‐floor Prehistory: investigating palaeolandsurfaces with Palaeolithic remains from the southern North Sea, in J. Benjamin, C. Bonsall, C. Pickard, and A. Fischer (eds), Submerged Prehistory, 65–74, Oxford: Oxbow Books.
   Google Scholar
• Van de noort, R., 2011, North Sea Archaeologies, a maritime biography, 10,000 BC–AD 1500. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Verhart, L., 2008, New Developments in the Study of the Mesolithic of the Low Countries, in G. Bailey, and P. Spikins (eds), Mesolithic Europe, 158–81. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Westley, K., Bell, T., Plets, R., and Quinn, R., 2011, Investigating Submerged Archaeological Landscapes: a research strategy illustrated with case studies from Ireland and Newfoundland, Canada, in J. Benjamin, C. Bonsall, C. Pickard, and A. Fischer (eds), Submerged Prehistory, 129–44, Oxford: Oxbow Books.
   Google Scholar
• Whitworth, S., 1997, Desk‐based and Field Study of the Island of Damsay. Coursework Assignment, Field Archaeology – Prospection, Aberdeen: University of Aberdeen, dissertation submitted for the degree of Master of Arts.
   Google Scholar
• Wickham‐jones, C. R., 2006, Between the Wind and the Water: World Heritage Orkney. Oxford: Windgather Press/Oxbow Books.
   Google Scholar
• Wickham‐jones, C. R., 2010, The Management of Submerged Terrestrial Archaeology: An Assessment of Current Awareness of the Seabed Resource Around Scotland. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 12.3, 209–36.
   Google Scholar
• Wickham‐jones, C. R. and Dawson, S., 2006, The scope of Strategic Environmental Assessment of Sea Area SEA7 with regard to prehistoric and early historic archaeological remains. Department of Trade and Industry. http://www.offshore-sea.org.uk.
   Google Scholar
• Wickham‐jones, C. R., Dawson, S., and Dawson, A., 2009 Rising Tide, sea‐level survey. Discovery and Excavation in Scotland 2008 9, 133–4.
   Google Scholar
• Wickham‐jones, C. R. and Downes, J., 2008, Long Howe. Discovery and Excavation in Scotland 2007 8, 147.
   Google Scholar
• Wickham‐jones, C. R. and Firth, C. R., 2000, Mesolithic settlement of northern Scotland: first results of fieldwork in Caithness and Orkney, in R. Young (ed.), Mesolithic Lifeways, current research from Britain and Ireland, 119–32, Leicester: Leicester Archaeology Monographs 7.
   Google Scholar
• Young, A., 1886, The salmon, sea‐trout, and oyster and mussel fisheries in the Orkney and Shetland Islands. Fishery Board for Scotland Annual Report 5.
   Google Scholar