Dendrochronological Dating and Provenancing of Timbers from the Arade 1 Shipwreck, Portugal

References

• Albion, R. G., 1926, Forests and Sea Power: the Timber Problem of the Royal Navy, 1652–1862. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
   Google Scholar
• Alves, F. (ed), 2001, Proceedings of the International Symposium ‘Archaeology of Medieval and Modern Ships of Iberian‐Atlantic Tradition’. Lisbon.
   Google Scholar
• Alves, F., Machado, A., and Castro, F., 2005, Resultados preliminares da campanha de trabalhos arqueológicos Arade 2001, realizada no âmbito do projecto Pró‐Arade, in M. J. Gonçalves (ed.), Actas do 2^o Encontro de Arqueologia do Algarve, XELB 5, 257–66.
   Google Scholar
• Amaral franco, J., 1990, Quercus. In G. López, (ed.) Flora Ibérica, vol. II. Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, Servicio de Publicaciones del CSIC, 15–36, Madrid.
   Google Scholar
• Baillie, M. G. L. and Pilcher, J. R., 1973. A simple crossdating program for tree‐ring research. Tree-Ring Bulletin 33, 7–14.
   Google Scholar
• Beck, P., Auloy, G., Blondeaux, L., Canat, C., Desvignes, J., Locatelli, C., Maerten, M., Morlon, J. C., Pinette, M., and Pousset, D., 2002, Vie de cour en Bourgogne à la fin du Moyen Age. Marguerite de Flandre et Germolles (1380–1405), Sutton Ed.
   Google Scholar
• Beeckman, H., 2005, The impact of forest management on wood quality. The case of medieval oak, in C. Van de velde, H. Beeckman, J. Van acker, and F. Verhaeghe (eds), Constructing wooden images: Proceedings of the symposium on the organization of labour and working practices of late gothic carved altarpieces in the Low Countries, 93–113, Brussels.
   Google Scholar
• Bonde, N. and Crumlin‐pedersen, O., 1990, The dating of wreck 2, the long ship, from Skuldelev, Denmark, NewsWARP 7, 3–6.
   Google Scholar
• Bruquetas, R., 2002, Técnicas y materiales de la pintura española en los Siglos de Oro, Fundación de Apoyo a la Historia del Arte Hispano, Madrid.
   Google Scholar
• Campelo, F., Gutierrez, E., Ribas, M., Nabais, C., and Freitas, H., 2007, Relationships between climate and double rings in Quercus ilex from northeast Spain. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37.10, 1915–23.
   Google Scholar
• Carvalho, A., 1997, Madeiras Portuguesas. Estrutura anatómica, Propriedades e utilizações. Vol. II, Direcção‐Geral das Florestas, Lisboa.
   Google Scholar
• Casado soto, J. L., 1998. Aproximación a la tipología naval cantábrica en la primera mitad del siglo XVI, Itsas Memoria. Revista de Estudios Marítimos del País Vaco, 2, Untzi Museoa‐Museo Naval, Donostia‐San Sebastián, 169–91.
   Google Scholar
• Castro, F., 2002, The Arade 1 Ship – 2002 Field Season. Vol. 1: The Site – ShipLab Report 3. On file in IPA/CNANS' library, 2002, and in Nautical Archaeological Program Library, Texas A&M University.
   Google Scholar
• Castro, F., 2006, The Arade 1 shipwreck. A small ship at the mouth of the Arade River, Portugal, in L. Blue, F. Hocker and A. Englert (eds), Connected by the Sea. Proceedings of the 10th Symposium on Boat and Ship Archaeology 2003 (ISBSA 10), 300–5, Roskilde.
   Google Scholar
• Castro, F. and Custer, K. (eds.), 2008, Edge of Empire: Proceedings of the Symposium ‘Edge of Empire’ held at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology, Sacramento, Sintra.
   Google Scholar
• Cherubini, P., Gartner, B. L., Tognetti, R., Bräker, O. U., Schoch, B., and Innes, J. L., 2003, Identification, measurement and interpretation of tree rings in woody species from Mediterranean climates. Biology Reviews 78, 119–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook, E. R. and Holmes, R. L., 1986, Guide for computer program ARSTAN, in R. L. Holmes, R. K. Adams and H. C. Fritts (eds), Tree‐Ring Chronologies of Western North America: California, eastern Oregon and northern Great Basin, Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, The University of Arizona, 50–65, Tucson.
   Google Scholar
• Cook, E. R. and Peters, K., 1981, The smoothing spline: a new approach to standardizing forest interior tree‐ring width series for dendroclimatic studies, Tree-Ring Bulletin 41, 45–53.
   Google Scholar
• Creasman, P. P., 2008, Ship timber: forests and ships in the Iberian peninsula during the age of discovery, in F. Castro and K. Custer (eds), Edge of Empire: Proceedings of the Symposium ‘Edge of Empire’ held at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology, Sacramento, 235–48, Sintra.
   Google Scholar
• Crumlin‐pedersen, O. and Olsen, O., 2002, The Skuldelev Ships I: Topography, Archaeology, History, Conservation and Display, Ship and Boats of the North 4.1, 360.
   Google Scholar
• Daly, A., 2007, The Karschau Ship, Schleswig‐Holstein: Dendrochronological Results and Timber Provenance, IJNA 36.1, 155–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daly, A. and Nymoen, P., 2008, The Bøle ship,Skien, Norway – Research history, dendrochronology and Provenance, IJNA 37.1, 153–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De aranda y antón, G., 1990, Los Bosques Flotantes: historia de un roble del siglo XVIII, Colección Técnica, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, ICONA, Madrid.
   Google Scholar
• De aranda y antón, G., 1999, El camino del hacha: la selvicultura, industria y sociedad. Visión histórica, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales.
   Google Scholar
• De vries J. and Van der woude A. M., 1995, Nederland 1500–1815. De eerste ronde van moderne economische groei, Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Delmás, M. and Van den berselaar, H., 2009, ‘Nederlands’ hout op drift. Over houthandelsroutes en de herkomst van hout van de Late Middeleeuwen tot in de 18de eeuw, Vitruvius 2.6, 12–18.
   Google Scholar
• Devy‐vareta, N., 1986, Para uma geografia histórica da floresta portuguesa: do declínio das matas medievais à política florestal do Renascimento (XV–XVI), Revista da Faculdade de Letras-Geografia 1.1, Porto, 5–37.
   Google Scholar
• Dodds J. and Moore J., 1984, Building the wooden fighting ship. Chatham, London.
   Google Scholar
• Eckstein D. and Bauch J., 1969, Beitrag zu Rationalisierung eines dendrochronologischen Verfahrens und zu Analyse seiner Aussagesicherheit. Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt 88, 230–50.
   Google Scholar
• Eckstein J., Leuschner H. H., Bauerochse A., and Sass‐klaassen U., 2009, Subfossil bog‐pine horizons document climate and ecosystem changes during the Mid‐Holocene, Dendrochronologia 27.2/2, 129–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feuillat, F., Dupouey, J. L., Sciama, D., and Keller, R., 1997, A new attempt at discrimination between Quercus petraea and Quercus robur based on wood anatomy, Canadian Journal of Forest Research 27, 343–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritts, H. C., 1976, Tree rings and climate, Academic Press, London.
   Google Scholar
• García esteban, L., Guindeo casasús, A., Peraza oramas, C., and De palacios de palacios, P., 2003, La madera y su anatomía, Fundación Conde del Valle de Salazar y Mundi‐Prensa, AITIM, Madrid.
   Google Scholar
• Giachi, G., Lazzeri, S., Mariotti lippi, M., Macchioni, N., and Paci, S., 2003, The wood of ‘C’ and ‘F’ Roman ships found in the ancient harbour of Pisa (Tuscany, Italy): the utilization of different timbers and the probable geographical area which supplied them. Journal of Cultural Heritage 4, 269–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grenier, R., Ringer, R. J., and Bernier, M. (eds), 2007, The Underwater Archaeology of Red Bay: Basque Shipbuilding and Whaling in the 16th Century. Ottowa.
   Google Scholar
• Guibal, F. and Pomey, P., 2003, Timber Supply and Ancient Naval Architecture, in C. Beltrame (ed.), Boats, Ships and Shipyards Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Boat and Ship Archaeology, 12/2000, 35–48, Venice.
   Google Scholar
• Haneca K., Boeren, I., Van acker, J., and Beeckman H., 2006, Dendrochronology in suboptimal conditions: tree‐rings of medieval oak from Flanders (Belgium) as dating tool and archives of past forest management, Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 15.2, 137–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillam, J., 1979, Tree‐rings and archaeology: some problems explained, Journal of Archaeological Science 6, 271–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, P. and Esteves, L., 2001, Dendrochronological analyses in Portuguese panel paintings, in R. Van schoute and H. Verougstraete (eds.), Colloque XIII Dessin sous‐jacent et la technologie dans la peinture: la peinture et le laboratoire, procédés, méthodologie, applications, Bruges, 15–17 septembre 1999, Uitgeverij Peeters, Leuven, 213–20, Bruges.
   Google Scholar
• Locatelli, C., Lavier, C., Pousset, D., 2011, Synopsis des chantiers de bois de la cathédrale d'Auxerre depuis 1235, in C. Sapin (ed), Saint‐Etienne d'Auxerre, la seconde vie d'une cathédrale, Actes de colloque d'Auxerre (27–28 Sept. 2007), Auxerre, Centre d'études médiévales Saint‐Germain d'Auxerre, Editions Picard, 177–81.
   Google Scholar
• Loureiro, V., 2011, L'Épave Arade 1: l'influence des chantiers régionaux sur la tradition de construction navale ibéro‐atlantique, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Université de Paris I – Panthéon Sorbonne.
   Google Scholar
• Loureiro, V. and Alves, J. G., 2005, O navio Arade1. Relatório da campanha arqueológica de 2004, Trabalhos do CNANS 28, Lisbon: Centro Nacional de Arqueologia Náutica e Subaquática.
   Google Scholar
• Loureiro, V. and Alves, J. G., 2006, O navio Arade1. Relatório da campanha arqueológica de 2005, Trabalhos do CNANS 32, Lisbon: Centro Nacional de Arqueologia Náutica e Subaquática.
   Google Scholar
• Loureiro, V. and Alves, J. G., 2008, The Arade 1 Shipwreck: Preliminary Results of the 2004 and 2005 Field Seasons, IJNA 37.2, 273–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchels, J. W., 1973, Dating methods in archaeology, Studies in Archaeology, Seminary Press, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Murmanis, L., 1975, Formation of tyloses in felled Quercus rubra L. Wood Science and Technology, Quercus rubra L. 9.1, 3–14.
   Google Scholar
• Orella unzué, J. L., 2003, Comerciantes vascos en Normandía, Flandes y La Hansa, 1452–1526. Itsas memoria: revista de estudios marítimos del País Vasco 4, 65–114.
   Google Scholar
• Otte sander, E., 2008, Sevilla, siglo XVI: Materiales para su historia económica, Herederos de Enrique Otte Sander. Centro de Estudios Andaluces. Consejería de la Presidencia, Junta de Andalucía.
   Google Scholar
• Pilcher, J. R., 1987, A 700 year dating chronology for northern France. Applications of tree‐ring studies. Current research in dendrochronology and related subjects. BAR International Series 333, 127–39.
   Google Scholar
• Queiroz, P. F., Oliveira, H., and Pereira, T., 2005, Identificação de um conjunto de madeiras provenientes da estrutura do navio Arade 1, Trabalhos do CIPA 91. Lisbon.
   Google Scholar
• Rieth, E., 1989, Le clos des galées de Rouen, lieu de construction navale à clin et à carvel (12‐93‐1419), Medieval Ships and the Birth of Technological Societies 1, 71–7.
   Google Scholar
• Rieth, E., Rodrigues, P., Alves, F., 2004, Relatório da campanha de 2003 de desmontagem e recuperação da parte exposta do navio Arade I, Trabalhos do CNANS 19, Lisbon: Centro Nacional de Arqueologia Náutica e Subaquática.
   Google Scholar
• Schweingruber, F. H., 1990, Anatomy of European woods. Haupt Verlag, Bern, Stuttgart.
   Google Scholar
• Schweingruber, F. H., 1993, Trees and wood in dendrochronology. Springer Series in Wood Science. Springer Verlag, Heidelbeerg.
   Google Scholar
• Schweingruber, F. H., 1996, Tree rings and Environment. Dendroecology. Paul Haupt Verlag, Berne.
   Google Scholar
• Sousa, V. B., Leal, S., Quilhó, T., and Pereira, H., 2009, Characterization of cork oak (Quercus suber) Wood anatomy. IAWA Journal 30.2, 149–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M., and Webb, D. A., 2001. Flora Europaea. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
   Google Scholar
• Tyers, I., 1997. Dendro for Windows Program Guide. Archaeological Research and Consultancy at the University of Sheffield, Report 340.
   Google Scholar
• Van leeuwaarden, W. and Queiroz, P. F., 2002, Identificação de um conjunto de madeiras provenientes da estrutura dos navios recuperados no rio Arade, Trabalhos do CIPA 35, Lisboa.
   Google Scholar
• Ważny, T. and Eckstein, D., 1987, Der Holzhandel von Danzig/Gdansk ‐Geschichte, Umfang und Reichweite, Holz als Roh-Werkstoff 45, 509–13.
   Google Scholar
• Wicha, S., Guibal, F., and Medail, F., 2003, Archaeobotanical characterization of three ancient Mediterranean shipwrecks. In Fouache E. (ed.), The Mediterranean world environment and history, Elsevier, 233–37.
   Google Scholar