Literature Cited
- Allen , T. F. H. and Starr , T. B. 1988 . Hierarchy: Perspectives for ecological complexity , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
- Andre , M.-F. 1998 . Depopulation, land-use change and landscape transformation in the French Massif Central . Ambio , 27 (4) : 351 – 53 .
- Baker , A. R. H. 2003 . Geography and history: Bridging the divide , Cambridge, , U.K. : Cambridge University Press .
- Balee , W. 1995 . “ Historical ecology of Amazonia ” . In Indigenous peoples and the future of Amazonia , Edited by: Sponsel , L. E. 110 Tucson : University of Arizona Press .
- Bray , D. B. and Klepeis , P. 2005 . Deforestation, forest transitions, and institutions for sustainability in Southeastern Mexico, 1900–2000 . Environment and History , 11 (2) : 194 – 203 .
- Brown , S. and Lugo , A. 1990 . Tropical secondary forests . Journal of Tropical Ecology , 6 : 1 – 32 .
- Davis , K. 1945 . The world demographic transition . Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science , 273 : 1 – 11 .
- Downton , M. W. 1995 . Measuring tropical deforestation: Development of the methods . Environmental Conservation , 22 (3) : 229 – 40 .
- Drake , W. D. 1993 . “ Towards building a theory of population-environment dynamics: A family of transitions ” . In Population-environment dynamics , Edited by: Ness , G. D. , Drake , W. D. and Brechin , S. R. 55 Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press .
- Ehrhardt-Martinez , K. , Crenshaw , E. M. and Jenkins , J. C. 2002 . Deforestation and the environmental Kuznets curve: A cross-national investigation of intervening mechanisms . Social Science Quarterly , 83 (1) : 226 – 43 .
- Escobar , A. 1995 . Encountering development: The making and unmaking of the third world , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
- Fairhead , J. and Leach , M. 1996 . Misreading the African landscape: Society and ecology in the forest-savanna mosaic , Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
- Foley , J. A. , DeFries , R. , Asner , G. P. , Barford , C. , Bonan , G. , Carpenter , S. R. , Chapin , F. S. , Coe , M. , Daily , G. C. , Gibbs , H. K. , Helkowski , J. H. , Holloway , T. , Howard , E. , Kucharik , C. J. , Monfreda , C. , Patz , J. A. , Prentice , I. C. , Ramankutty , N. and Snyder , P. K. 2005 . Global consequences of land use . Science , 309 : 570 – 74 .
- Fonseca , G. A. B. 1985 . The vanishing Brazilian Atlantic forest . Biological Conservation , 34 : 17 – 34 .
- Foster , A. D. and Rosenzweig , M. R. 2003 . Economic growth and the rise of forests . The Quarterly Journal of Economics , 118 (2) : 601 – 37 .
- Foster , D. R. 1992 . Land-use history (1730–1990) and vegetation dynamics in central New England, USA . Journal of Ecology , 80 : 753 – 72 .
- Gibson , C. C. , Ostrom , E. and Ahn , T. K. 2000 . The concept of scale and the human dimensions of global change: A survey . Ecological Economics , 32 : 17 – 39 .
- Grainger , A. 1995 . The forest transition: An alternative approach . Area , 27 (3) : 242 – 51 .
- Gunderson , L. H. and Holling , C. S. , eds. 2002 . Panarchy: Understanding transformations in human and natural systems , Washington, DC : Island Press .
- Holling , C. S. 2004 . From complex regions to complex worlds . Ecology and Society , 9 (1) article 11
- Houghton , R. A. and Hackler , J. L. 2000 . Changes in terrestrial carbon storage in the United States: The roles of agriculture and forestry . Global Ecology and Biogeography , 9 : 125 – 44 .
- INPE . 2004 . http://www.obt.inpe.br/prodes/prodes_1988_2003.htm, (last accessed 10 October 2004)., Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (National Institute for Space Research), Projeto PRODES: Monitoramento da floresta Amazônia Brasileira por satélite (PRODES project: Monitoring the Brazilian Amazon forest via satellite).
- Kammesheidt , L. 2002 . Perspectives on secondary forest management in tropical humid lowland America . Ambio , 31 (3) : 243 – 50 .
- Kay , C. 1989 . Latin American theories of development and underdevelopment , New York : Routledge .
- Klooster , D. 2003 . Forest transitions in Mexico: Institutions and forests in a globalized countryside . The Professional Geographer , 55 : 227 – 37 .
- Koop , G. and Tole , L. 1999 . Is there an environmental Kuznets curve for deforestation? . Journal of Development Economics , 58 : 231 – 44 .
- Kuznets , S. 1955 . Economic growth and income inequality . American Economic Review , 49 : 1 – 28 .
- Lambin , E. F. , Baulies , X. , Bockstael , N. , Fischer , G. , Krug , T. , Leemans , R. , Moran , E. F. , Rindfuss , R. R. , Sato , Y. , Skole , D. , Turner , B. L. II and Vogel , C. 1999 . Land-use and cover change (LUCC) implementation strategy . http://www.geo.ucl.ac.be/LUCC/implstrategy/implementation.html, (last accessed 2 May 2002)., Available at
- Laurance , W. F. and Bierregaard , R. O. , eds. 1997 . Tropical forest remnants: Ecology, management, and conservation of fragmented communities , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
- Leys , C. 1996 . The rise and fall of development theory , Bloomington : Indiana University Press .
- Mather , A. S. 1992 . The forest transition . Area , 24 (4) : 367 – 79 .
- Mather , A. S. 2001 . “ The transition from deforestation to reforestation in Europe ” . In Agricultural technologies and tropical deforestation , Edited by: Angelson , A. and Kaimowitz , D. 52 New York : CABI/CIFOR .
- Mather , A. S. , Fairburn , J. and Needle , C. L. 1999 . The course and drivers of the forest transition: The case of France . Journal of Rural Studies , 15 (1) : 65 – 90 .
- Mather , A. S. and Needle , C. L. 1998 . The forest transition: A theoretical basis . Area , 30 (2) : 117 – 24 .
- Mather , A. S. and Needle , C. L. 2000 . The relationship of population and forest trends . The Geographical Journal , 166 (1) : 2 – 13 .
- Mather , A. S. , Needle , C. L. and Fairburn , J. 1999 . Environmental Kuznets curves and forest trends . Geography , 84 (1) : 55 – 65 .
- McMichael , P. 1990 . Incorporating comparison within a world-historical perspective: An alternative comparative method . American Sociological Review , 55 (3) : 385 – 97 .
- McMichael , P. 1992 . Rethinking comparative analysis in a post-developmentalist context . International Social Science Journal , 44 : 351 – 65 .
- Neuman , W. L. 2000 . Methods of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches, , 4th ed , Boston : Allyn & Bacon .
- O'Neill , R. V. , DeAngelis , D. L. , Wade , J. B. and Allen , T. F. H. 1986 . A hierarchical concept of ecosystems , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
- Parker , D. C. , Manson , S. M. , Janssen , M. A. , Hoffmann , M. J. and Deadman , P. 2003 . Multi-agent systems for the simulation of land-use and land-cover change: A review . Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 93 : 314 – 37 .
- Parsons , T. 1951 . The social system , Glencoe : Free Press .
- Parsons , T. 1966 . Societies: Evolutionary and comparative perspectives , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall .
- Peet , R. and Hartwick , E. 1999 . Theories of development , New York : Guilford .
- Perz , S. G. 2002 . The changing social contexts of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon . Social Science Quarterly , 83 (1) : 35 – 52 .
- Perz , S. G. and Skole , D. L. 2003 . Secondary forest expansion in the Brazilian Amazon and the refinement of forest transition theory . Society and Natural Resources , 16 : 277 – 94 .
- Primack , R. and Corlett , R. 2005 . Tropical rain forests: An ecological and biogeographical perspective , Malden, MA : Blackwell .
- Redford , K. and Padoch , C. , eds. 1992 . Conservation of neotropical forests: Working from traditional resource use , New York : Columbia University Press .
- Robbins , P. and Fraser , A. 2003 . A forest of contradictions: Producing the landscapes of the Scottish highlands . Antipode , 35 (1) : 95 – 118 .
- Rostow , W. W. 1960 . The stages of economic growth , Cambridge, , U.K. : Cambridge University Press .
- Rudel , T. K. 1998 . Is there a forest transition? Deforestation, reforestation, and development . Rural Sociology , 63 (4) : 533 – 52 .
- Rudel , T. K. 2001 . “ Did a green revolution restore the forests of the American south? ” . In Agricultural technologies and tropical deforestation , Edited by: Angelson , A. and Kaimowitz , D. 53 – 68 . New York : CABI/CIFOR . In, ed
- Rudel , T. K. 2002 . Paths of destruction and regeneration: Globalization and forests in the tropics . Rural Sociology , 67 (4) : 622 – 36 .
- Rudel , T. K. , Bates , D. and Machinguiashi , R. 2002 . A tropical forest transition? Agricultural change, out-migration, and secondary forests in the Ecuadorian Amazon . Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 92 (1) : 87 – 102 .
- Rudel , T. K. , Coomes , O. T. , Moran , E. , Achard , F. , Angelsen , A. , Xu , J. and Lambin , E. 2005 . Forest transitions: Towards a global understanding of land use change . Global Environmental Change , 15 : 23 – 31 .
- Rudel , T. K. , Perez-Lugo , M. and Zichal , H. 2000 . When fields revert to forest: Development and spontaneous reforestation in post-war Puerto Rico . The Professional Geographer , 52 : 386 – 97 .
- Russell , E. W. B. 1997 . People and the land through time: Linking ecology and history , New Haven, CT : Yale University Press .
- Schelhas , J. and Greenberg , R. , eds. 1996 . Forest patches in tropical landscapes , Washington, DC : Island Press .
- Schuurman , F. J. , ed. 2001 . Globalization and development studies: Challenges for the 21st century , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
- SOS Mata Atlântica/Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais [INPE, National Institute for Space Research] . 2003 . Atlas da evolução dos remanescentes florestais da Mata Atlântica: Período 1995–2000 [Atlas of changes in Atlantic Forest fragments, 1995–2000] , São Jose dos Campos : INPE .
- Staaland , H. , Holand , Ø. , Nellemann , C. and Smith , M. 1998 . Time scale for forest regrowth: Abandoned grazing and agricultural areas in southern Norway . Ambio , 27 (6) : 456 – 60 .
- Tilly , C. 1984 . Big structures, large processes, huge comparisons , New York : Sage Foundation .
- Turner , B. L. II , Skole , D. , Sanderson , S. , Fischer , G. , Fresco , L. and Leemans , R. 1995 . Land-use and land-cover change: Science/research plan , Stockholm, Geneva : IGBP/HDP .
- Walker , R. T. 1993 . Deforestation and economic development . Canadian Journal of Regional Science , 16 : 481 – 97 .
- Warren , W. A. 2005 . Hierarchy theory in sociology, ecology, and resource management: A conceptual model for natural resource or environmental sociology and socioecological systems . Society and Natural Resources , 18 : 447 – 86 .
- Wood , C. H. 2002 . “ Introduction: Land use and deforestation in the Amazon ” . In Deforestation and land use in the Amazon , Edited by: Wood , C. H. and Porro , R. 38 Gainesville : University of Florida Press .