The suburban energy balance in miami, florida

References

• Bailey, W.G., Oke, T.R. and Rouse, W.R., 2000: The Surface Climates of Canada. McGill‐Queen's Press. Montréal. 369 p.
   Google Scholar
• Barradas, V.L, Tejeda‐martinez, A. and Jauregui, E., 1999: Energy balance measurements in a suburban vegetated area in Mexico City. Atmospheric Environment, 33: 4109–4113.
   Google Scholar
• Bolz, H.M., 1949: Die Abhängigkeit der infraroten Gegenstrahlung von der Bewölkung. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 7.
   Google Scholar
• Brutsaert, W., 1975: On a derivable formula for long‐wave radiation from clear skies. Water Resources Research, 11: 742–744.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christen, A. and Vogt, R., 2004: Energy and radiation balance of a central European city. International Journal of Climatology, 24: 1395–1421.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, J.A., and Idso, S.B., 1979: Estimating the surface radiation balance and its components. In: Barfield, B.J. and Gerber, J.F., (eds): Modification of the Aerial Environment of Crops. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Michigan. 183–210.
   Google Scholar
• Garcia‐cueto, R., Jauregui, E. and Tejeda, A., 2003: Urban/rural energy balance observations in a desert city in northern Mexico. Proceedings Fifth International Conference on Urban Climate, ICUC‐5, 1‐5 Sept. 2003, Lodz, Poland (Proceedings CD‐ROM).
   Google Scholar
• Grimmond, C.S.B. and Oke, T.R., 1991: An evapotranspiration‐interception model for urban areas. Water Resources Research, 27: 1739–1755.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimmond, C.S.B. and Oke, T.R., 1995: Comparison of heat fluxes from summertime observations in the suburbs of four North American cities. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 34: 873–889.
   Google Scholar
• Grimmond, C.S.B. and Oke, T.R., 1999a: Heat storage in urban areas: Local–scale observations and the evaluation of a simple model. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 38: 922–940.
   Google Scholar
• Grimmond, C.S.B. and Oke, T.R., 1999b: Aerodynamic properties of urban areas derived from analysis of urban form. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 38: 1262–1292.
   Google Scholar
• Grimmond, C.S.B. and Oke, T.R., 1999c: Rates of evaporation in urban areas. Impacts of Urban Growth on Surface and Ground Waters. International Association of Hydrological Science Publications, 259: 235–243.
   Google Scholar
• Grimmond, C.S.B. and Oke, T.R., 2002: Turbulent fluxes in urban areas observations and a local‐scale urban meteorological parameterization scheme (LUMPS). Journal of Applied Meteorology, 41:792–810.
   Google Scholar
• Hanna, S.R. and Chang, J.C., 1992: Boundary‐layer parameterizations for applied dispersion modeling over urban areas. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 58: 229–259.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holtslag, A.A.M. and Van ulden, A.P., 1983: A simple scheme for daytime estimates of the surface fluxes from routine weather data. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 22: 517–529.
   Google Scholar
• Idso, S.B., 1981: A set of equations from full spectrum and 8 to 14 μm and 10.5 to 12.5μm thermal radiation from clear skies. Water Resources Research, 17: 295–304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idso, S.B. and Jackson, R.D., 1969: Thermal radiation from the atmosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 74: 5397–5403.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mcnaughton, K.G. and Spriggs, T.W., 1989: An evaluation of the Priestley and Taylor equation and the complementary relationship using results from a mixed–layer model of the convective boundary layer. In: Estimation of Areal Evapotranspiration. Black, T.A. Spittlehouse, D.L. Novak, M.D. and Price, D.T., (eds): IAHS Publication No. 177. 89–104.
   Google Scholar
• Monteith, J.L. and Unsworth, M.H., 1990: Principles of Environmental Physics (2nd edn) Arnold. London. 291 p.
   Google Scholar
• Offerle, B., Jonsson, P., Eliasson, I. and Grimmond, C.S.B., 2005: Urban modification of the surface energy balance in the West African Sahel: Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Journal of Climate, 18: 3983–3995.
   Google Scholar
• Offerle, B., Grimmond, C.S.B., Fortuniak, K., Klysik, K. and Oke, T.R., 2006: Temporal variations in heat fluxes over a central European city centre. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 84: 103–115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oke, T.R., 1987: Boundary Layer Climates (2nd edn) Routledge. London. 435 p.
   Google Scholar
• Oke, T. R., 1988: The urban energy balance. Progress in Physical Geography, 12: 471–508.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oke, T.R., 1997: Urban environments. The Surface Climates of Canada. In: Bailey, W.G., Oke, T.R. and Rouse, W.R., (eds): McGill‐Queen's Press. Montreal. (369 p) 303–327.
   Google Scholar
• Oke, T.R., 2004: Initial guidance to obtain representative meteorological observations at urban sites. IOM Report No. 81. WMO/TD No. 1250. World Meteorological Organization Geneva. 51 p. website: http://www.wmo.int/web/www/IMOP/publications/IOM‐81/IOM‐81‐UrbanMetObs.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Oke, T.R., Zeuner, G and Jauregui, E., 1992: The surface energy balance in Mexico City. Atmospheric Environment, 26B: 433–444.
   Google Scholar
• Oke, T.R., Spronken‐smith, R.A., Jauregui, E. and Grimmond, C.S.B., 1999: The energy balance of central Mexico City during the dry season. Atmospheric Environment, 33: 3919–3930.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paltridge, G.W., 1970: Day–time long–wave radiation from the sky. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 96: 645–653.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prata, A.J., 1996: Anew long‐wave formula for estimating downward clear‐sky radiation at the surface. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 122: 1127–1151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, S.M., Oke, T.R., Grimmond, C.S.B. and Voogt, J.A., 2006: Comparison of four methods to estimate urban heat storage. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 45:1766–1781.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouse, W.R. and Bello, R.L., 1979: Shortwave radiation balance in an urban aerosol layer. Atmosphere–Ocean, 17:157–168.
   Google Scholar
• Sailor, D.J. and Lu, L, 2004: A top‐down methodology for developing diurnal and seasonal anthropogenic heating profiles for urban areas. Atmospheric Environment, 38: 2737–2748.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satterlund, D.R., 1979: An improved equation for estimating long‐wave radiation from the atmosphere. Water Resources Research, 15: 1649–1650.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmid, H.‐P., 1994: Source areas for scalars and scalar fluxes. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 67: 293–318.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmid, H.‐P., Cleugh, H.A., Grimmond, C.S.B. and Oke, T.R., 1991: Spatial variability of energy fluxes in suburban terrain. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 54: 249–276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steyn, D.G and Oke, T.R., 1980: Effects of a small scrub fire on the surface radiation budget. Weather, 35: 212–215.
   Google Scholar
• Swinbank, W.C, 1963: Long‐wave radiation from clear skies. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 89: 339–348.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanner, B.D. and Greene, J.P., 1989: Measurements of sensible heat and water vapor fluxes using the eddy correlation method. Final Report to US Army Dugway Proving Gounds. 98 p.
   Google Scholar
• Tejeda‐martinez, A. and Jauregui, E., 2005: Surface energy balance measurements in the Mexico City region. Atmosfera, 18: 1–23.
   Google Scholar
• Webb, E.K., Pearman, G.I. and Leuning, R., 1980: Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 106: 85–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willmott, C.J., 1982: Some comments on the evaluation of model performance. Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, 63: 1309–1313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar