- Abegglen, James and George Stalk, Jr. 1985. Kaisha: The Japanese Corporation. New York: Basic.
- Abraham, Katherine and Susan Houseman. 1989. “Job Security and Workforce Adjustment: How Different Are U.S. and Japanese Practices Journal of Japanese and International Economies. 3:500–521.
- Abraham, Katherine and Susan Houseman. 1993. Job Security in America: Lessons from Germany. Washington, D.C. :Brookings Institute.
- Agency of Management and Coordination (AMC). 1994. Rodoryoku Chosa. Tokyo: Government Printing Office.
- Agency of Management and Coordination (AMC). 1996. Nihon no Tokei. Tokyo: Government Printing Office.
- Andrews, Edmund L. 1996. “Job Cuts at AT&T Will Total 40,000, 13% of Its Staff”. New York Times, Jan. 3, p. 1.
- Aoki, Masahiko. 1987. “The Japanese Firm in Transition.” pp. 263–288 in The Political Economy of Japan, edited by Kozo Yamamura and Yasukichi Yasuba. Vol. 1. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
- Ballon, Robert. 1989. The Subcontracting System: Challenge to Foreign Firms. Business series, Bulletin no. 127. Tokyo: Sophia University Institute of Comparative Culture.
- Berger, Peter. 1986. The Capitalist Revolution. New York: Basic.
- Best, Michael. 1990. The New Competition: Institutions of Industrial Restructuring. Cambridge, MA :Harvard University Press.
- Brewer, Geoffrey. 1993. “Abort, Retry, Fail Sales and Marketing Management 145(12): 80–86.
- Campbell, John L., Rogers Hollingsworth, and Leon Lindberg. 1991. Governance of the American Economy. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
- Carruthers, Bruce, and W. Espeland. 1991. “Accounting for Rationality: Double-Entry Bookkeeping and the Rhetoric of Economic Rationality”. American Journal of Sociology 97:31–69.
- Chandler, Alfred D. 1962. Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the American Industrial Enterprise. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Chandler, Alfred D. 1977. The Visible Hand. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Chandler, Alfred D. 1984. “The Emergence of Managerial Capitalism”. Business History Review. 58:473–503.
- Chandler, Alfred D. 1990. Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.
- Clegg, Stewart. 1990. Modern Organizations. London: Sage.
- Colignon, Richard. 1996. Power Plays: The Institutionalization of the TVA. Albany: SUNY Press.
- Colignon, Richard, and Mark Covaleski. 1988. “An Examination of Managerial Accounting Practices as a Process of Mutual Adjustment”. Accounting, Organizations and Society. 13:141–157.
- Colignon, Richard, and Mark Covaleski. 1991. “Max Weber and the Classical Roots of Sociology in the Study of Accounting Accounting, Organization and Society. 16:141–157.
- Colignon, Richard, and Mark Covaleski. 1993. “Accounting Practices and Organizational Decision Making The Sociological Quarterly. 34:299–317.
- Daifukyo, Suguni Keiki Taisaku O.” 1994. Economisuto, January 4, pp. 22–27.
- DiMaggio, Paul. 1990. “Cultural Aspects of Economic Action and Organization.” pp. 113–136 in Beyond the Marketplace: Rethinking Economy and Society, edited by Roger Friedland and A. F. Robertson (eds.) New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
- DiMaggio, Paul. 1992. “Nadel's Paradox Revisited: Relational and Cultural Aspects of Organizational Structure.” pp. 118–142 in Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form, and Action, edited by Nitin Nohria and Robert Eccles. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
- DiMaggio, Paul and Walter Powell. 1983. “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields”. American Sociologiccal Review 48: 147–160.
- Dodwell Marketing Consultants. 19901991. Industrial Groupings in Japan: The Anatomy of the “Keiretsu”. Chicago: Technomic Dodwell Consultants.
- Donaldson, Lex. 1985. In Defense of Organizational Theory: A Reply to the Critics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Donaldson, Lex. 1995. American Anti-Management Theories of Organization: A Critique of Paradigm Proliferation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Dore, Ronald. 1993. “Each and Rest”. Japan Update, 25: pp. 4–5, 24.
- Economic Planning Agency (EPA). 1991. Kokumin seikatsu hakusho. Tokyo: Government Printing Office.
- Economic Planning Agency (EPA). 1992. Kokumin seikatsu hakusho. Tokyo: Government Printing Office.
- Economic Planning Agency (EPA). 1993. Kokumin seikatsu hakusho. Tokyo: Government Printing Office.
- Farley, John. 1994. Sociology. 3d ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- Fligstein, Neil. 1990. The Transformation of Corporate Control. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Fligstein, Neil. and Richard Freeland. 1995. “Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives on Corporate Organization”. Annual Review of Sociology Vol. 21:21–43.
- Florida, Richard and Martin Kenney. 1991. “Transplanted Organizations: The Transfer of Japanese Industrial Organization to the U.S”. American Sociological Review. 56:381–398.
- Friedland, Roger and Robert Alford, 1991. “Bringing Society Back In: Symbols, Practices and Institutional Contradictions.” pp. 232–263 in The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, edited by Walter Powell and Paul DiMaggio. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
- Friedland, Roger, and A. F. Robertson. 1990. Beyond the Marketplace: Rethinking Economy and Society. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
- Genasci, Lisa. 1994. “The Downside of Downsizing”. St. Louis Post-Dispatch, July 7, p. 5c.
- “General Motors Finds its Best Salesmen Yet.” 1992. Economist. 325 (7789):79—80.
- Gerlach, Michael L. 1992. Alliance Capitalism: The Social Organization of Japanese Business. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Gouldner, Alvin. [1959] 1973. “Reciprocity and Autonomy in Functional Theory” pp. 190–225 in For Sociology, edited by Alvin Gouldner. Harmonsworth: Allen Lane Penguin Press.
- Granovetter, Mark. 1990. “Symposium: Dispelling the Japanese Mystique?: Convergence Stood on Its Head: A New Look at Japanese and American Work Organization”. Contemporary Sociology 6:789–791.
- Granovetter, Mark. 1994. “Business Groups.” pp. 453–475 in Handbook of Economic Sociology, edited by Neil Smelser and Richard Swedberg. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Hickson, David, C. J. McMillan, K. Azumi, and D. Horvath. 1979. “Grounds for Comparative Organization Theory: Quicksand or Hardcore,” pp. 25–41 in Organizations Alike and Unlike, edited by Cornelius Lammers and David Hickson, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
- “Hitode busoku kigyou ni haken 1994. Nihon Keizai Shinbun, January 4, p. 13.
- Hollingsworth, J. Rogers, and Wolfgang Streeck. 1994 “Contries and Sectors: Concluding Remarks on Performance, Convergence, and Competitiveness” pp. 270–300 in Governing Capitalist Economies: Prformance and Control of Economic Sectors. edited by J. Rogers Hollingsworth, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Wolfgang Streeck. New York :Oxford University Press.
- “Japan At Work: Overtime Reduction.” 1993. Wall Street Journal, Mar.2, p. 1.
- Japan Update. 1992. New York: Japan Business Information Center.
- “Japanese Have More Family Time. 1993. Wall Street Journal, Dec. 27, p. 8.
- “Japan's Jobless Rate Climbs.” 1993. Wall Street Journal, June 30.
- Japan's Jobless Rate Unmasked.” 1993. Wall Street Journal, July 13, p. 12.
- Johnson, Chalmers. 1982. MITI and the Japanese Miracle. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
- Karpik, Lucien, ed. 1978. Organization and Environment: Theory, Issues, and Reality. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
- Katzenstein, Peter. 1987. Policy and Politics in West Germany: The Growth of a Semi-Sovereign State. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
- Kerbo, Harold R. 1996. Social Stratification and Inequality. 3d ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Kerbo, Harold R., and John McKinstry. 1995. Who Rules Japan?: The Inner-Circles of Economic and Political Power. New York: Praeger.
- “Kigyonai shitsugyosha suikei 100 man nin ni.” 1993. Mainichi Shinbun, Jan. 6, p. 11.
- “Kigyonai shitsugyo 300 man nin no ukezara.” 1993. Shukan Diamond, Nov. 20, pp. 22–31.
- “Kondokoso Nippon wa Karappo ni naru.” 1993. Shukan Toyou Keizai, July 24, pp. 10–13.
- “Koyou chosei joseikin.” 1993. Nihon Keizai Shinbun, May 10, p. 13.
- “Kyuju-yonen no daisotsu shushoku sensen wa sarani kibishii.” 1994. Economisuto, January 25, pp. 36–39.
- Lincoln, James, and Arne Kalleberg. 1985. “Work Organization and Work Force Commitment: A Study of Plants and Employees in the U.S. and Japan”. American Sociology Review 50:738–760.
- Lincoln, James, and Arne Kalleberg. 1990. Culture, Control, and Commitment: A Study of Work Organization and Work Attitudes in the United States and Japan. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Maurice Marc, Arndt Sorge, and Malcolm Warner. 1980. “Societal Differences in Organizing Manufacturing Units: A Comparison of France, West Germany, and Great Britain”. Organizational Studies 1:59–86.
- Meyer, John and Brian Rowan. 1977. “Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony”. American Journal of Sociology 83:340–363.
- Ministry of Labor. (1992). White Paper on Labor. Tokyo: Government Printing Office.
- Ministry of Labor. 1993. Rodo keizai doko chosa. Tokyo: Government Printing Office.
- Ministry of Labor. 1995. Rodo keizai doko chosa. Tokyo: Government Printing Office.
- Nakane, Chie. 1970. Japanese Society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Ohashi, Hiroshi. 1994. “Seifu no koyo-taisaku ni ketsuraku shite irumono”. Economisto, January 18, pp. 30–33.
- Okumura, Hiroshi. 1993.”Dai Kigyo-byo ga Kaisha-soshiki no Chusui o fumihajimeta. Economisto, Mar.30, pp. 56–59.
- Orru, Marco, N. Biggart and G. Hamilton. 1991. “Organizational Isomorphism in East Asia” pp. 361–389 in The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis., edited by Walter Powell and Paul DiMaggio. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
- Perrucci, Robert. 1994. “Embeddedness Corporatism: Auto Plants, the Local State, and Community Politics in the Midwest Corridor”. The Sociological Quarterly. 35:487–506.
- Pfeffer, Jeffrey. 1994. “Competitive Advantage through People”. California Management Review 36 (2):9–28.
- Pfeiffer, Jeffrey, and James Baron. 1988. “Taking the Workers Back Out: Recent Trends in the Structuring of Employment”. Research on Organizational Behavior 10:257–303.
- Piore, Michael and Charles Sobel. 1984. The Second Industrial Divide. New York: Basic.
- Pollack, Andrew. 1993a. “Japan Finds Ways to Save Tradition of Lifetime Jobs”. New York: Times, November 28, p. 9.
- Pollack, Andrew. 1993b. “Shock in a Land of Lifetime Jobs: 35 Managers Dismissed in Japan”. New York Times, January 9, pp. 1, 19.
- Reich, Robert. 1996. “How to Avoid These Layoffs”. New York Times. Jan. 4, p. 13.
- Reidel, Marc. 1993. Stranger Violence. New York: Garland Press.
- Romo, Frank, and Michael Schwartz. 1995. “The Structural Embeddedness of Business Decisions to Migrate”. American Sociological Review. 60:874–907.
- Sanger, David. 1993. “Layoffs and Factory Closing Shaking the Japanese Psyche”. New York Times, March 3, pp. 1, 16.
- Seasick, Seiji. 1994. “Restructuring: Hard Times Require Resilience Japan Update 30:2–3.
- “Shin Nihon Seitetsu, 50 sai o chu-shin ni tairyou shukko' [Nippon Steel relies on a massive number of dispatching of its workers aged 50 and older]. 1994. Shukan Toyo Keizai, June 4, p. 18.
- Sorge, Arndt, and Marc Maurice. 1990. “The Societal Effect in Strategies and Competitiveness of Machine Tool Manufacturers in France and West Germany”. International Journal of Human Resource Management 1(2):141–172.
- Stewart and Dowling. 1994. “Japan's ‘Real’ Jobless Rate Could Soon Exceed US Level”. Christian Science Monitor, Apr. 4, p. 4.
- Taylor, Alex. 1993. “GM Gets a Tune-up”. Fortune, 128(14):54–59.
- Thompson, E. P. 1971. “The Moral Economy of the English Crown in the Eighteenth Century”. Past and Present.50:76–136.
- Treece, James. 1992. “Jack Smith Is Already on the Tear at GM”. Business Week, May 11, p. 37.
- Touraine, Alaine. 1971. “The Firm: Power, Institution and Organization.” in Post-Industrial Society edited by Alaine Touraine Trans. Leonard Mayhew. New York: Random House.
- Useem, Michael. 1993. Executive Defense: Shareholder Power and Corporate Reorganization. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Usui, Chikako. 1994. “Do American Models of Career Attainment Apply to Japanese?” Occasional paper no. 9408, Center of Internal Studies, University of Missouri-St. Louis.
- Usui, Chikako. 1995. “Gradual Retirement: Japan's Strategy for Older Workers.” Paper presented at the Tenth Pennsylvania State University Gerontology Center Conference, “Cross-cultural Issues on Work and Aging.” Oct.15–17. Also forthcoming in Impact of Work on Older Adults edited by K. W. Schaire and C. Schooler. New York: Springer.
- Vogl, Frank. 1973. German Business after the Economic Miracle. London: Macmillan.
- Whitley, Richard. 1990. “Eastern Asian Enterprise Structures and the Comparative Analysis of Forms of Business Organization”. Organization Studies 11(1): 1–28.
- Williamson, Oliver. 1975. Markets and Hierarchy: Analysis and Antitrust Implications. New York :Free Press.
- Williamson, Oliver. 1981. “The Economics of Organization”. American Journal of Sociology, 87:548–77.
- World Development Report, 1991. 1991. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Wrubel, Robert. 1992. “Collision Course Financial World. 161(11):20–21.
- Zetlin, Minda. 1993. “Can IBM Soften the Blow Management Review. 82(8):25–29.
Corporate Restructuring: Converging World Pattern or Societally Specific Embeddedness?
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.