- Agathon. 1911. L'Esprit de la Nouvelle Sorbonne. Paris: Mercure de France.
- Agulhon, Maurice. 1989. Marianne au pouvoir: L'Imagérie et la symbolique républicaine de 1880 à 1914. Paris: Flammarion.
- Anonymous. 1894. Portraits du prochain siècle. Paris: Edmond Girard.
- Arendt, Hannah. 1976. The Origins of Totalitarianism. San Diego: Harcourt Brace.
- Baju, Anatole. [1892] 1904. L'Anarchie littéraire. Paris: Léon Vanier.
- Barkin, Kenneth. 1995. “Bismarck in a Postmodern World”. German Studies Review. 18:.
- Barrès, Maurice. [1902] 1926. Scènes et doctrines du nationalisme. Paris: Émile-Paul.
- Barrows, Susanna. 1981. Distorting Mirrors: Visions of the Crowd in Late Nineteenth-Century France. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- Bauman, Zygmunt. 1989. Modernity and the Holocaust. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
- Benda, Julien. 1899. “L'Affaire Dreyfus et le principe d'autorité”. La Revue blanche, Oct. 190–206.
- Benda, Julien. 1955. The Betrayal of the Intellectuals. Boston: Beacon.
- Bérenger, Henry. 1896. Les Proletaires intellectuels en France. Paris: Éditions de La Revue.
- Berth, Édouard. 1926. Les Méfaits des intellectuels. Paris: Rivière.
- Birnbaum, Pierre. 1992. Anti-Semitism in France: A Political History from Léon Blum to the Present. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
- Bordo, Susan. 1988. “Feminist Skepticism and the ‘Malesness’ of Philosophy”. Journal of Philosophy 85: 619–631.
- Bourdeau, Jean. 1899. “La Philosophie perverse”. Journal des débats, Mar. p. 4.
- Bourdeau, Jean. 1900. “La Philosophie de Nietzsche”. Annales politiques et littéraires, Sept. 9 pp. 163–164.
- Bourdieu, Pierre. 1990a. The Logic of Practice. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
- Bourdieu, Pierre. 1990b. “La Domination masculine”. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, Sept. pp. 2–31.
- Bourdieu, Pierre. 1992. Les Règles de l'art: Genèse et structure du champ littéraire. Paris: Seuil.
- Bourdieu, Pierre. 1993. The Field of Cultural Production. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Bourgeois, Léon. 1912. Solidarité. Paris: Armand Colin.
- Bréal, Michel. 1892. “A propos de l'enseignement des jeunes filles”. La Revue bleue, Sept. 17 pp. 353–354.
- Brulat, Paul. 1898. L'Affaire Dreyfus: Violence et raison. Paris: Stock.
- Brunetière, Ferdinand. 1898. “Après le procès”. La Revue des deux mondes, Mar. 15, pp. 428–446.
- Buisson, Ferdinand. 1899. “Le Devoir présent de la jeunesse”. La Revue bleue, Mar. 25, pp. 353–361.
- Butler, Judith. 1993. Bodies that Matter: On the Discursive Limits of “Sex.” New York: Routledge.
- Carey, John. 1992. The Intellectuals and the Masses: Pride and Prejudice among the Literary Intelligentsia, 1880–1939. London: Faber and Faber.
- Carroy-Thirard, Jacqueline. 1982. “Hystérie, théâtre, littérature au dix-neuvième siècle”. Psychanalyse à l'université 7: 299–317.
- Cerullo, John. 1995a. “Intellectuals and the Imagination of Heroism during the Dreyfus Affair.” Paper presented at the 23d Annual Conference of the Western Society for French History, Las Vegas, Nov. 8–11.
- Cerullo, John. 1995b. “Truth and Justice? Honor and Manhood! Toward a Gendered Interpretation of Intellectuals and the Dreyfus Affair.” Paper presented at the Society for French Historical Studies Conference, Atlanta, March 23–25.
- Cerullo, John. 1996. “Living the Dreyfusard Life: Violence, Manhood, and the Intellectuals.” Paper presented at the Society for French Historical Studies Conference, Boston, Mar. 21–23.
- Charle, Christophe. 1977. “Champ littéraire et champ du pouvoir: Les Écrivains et l'Affaire Dreyfus”. Annales 32: 240–264.
- Charles, Christophe. 1981. “Situation du champ littéraire”. Littérature. Dec. pp. 8–20.
- Charle, Christophe. 1990. Naissance des “intellectuels,” 1890–1900. Paris: Minuit.
- Comte, Auguste. 1974. The Essential Comte. Ed. Stanislav Andreski. New York: Barnes and Noble.
- Darlu, Alphonse. 1898. “De M. Brunetière et de l'individualisme: A propos de l'article ‘Après le procès’”. La Revue de métaphysique et de morale 6: 381–400.
- Darwin, Charles. [1871] 1970. The Descent of Man. In Darwin: A Norton Critical Edition. Ed. Philip Appleman. New York: Norton.
- Datta, Venita. 1996. Unpublished manuscript. “Birth of a National Icon: The Literary Avant-Garde and the Origins of the Intellectual in France, 1890–1905.”.
- Datta, Venita. 1994. “Aristocrat or Proletarian: Reflections on the Intellectual in Fin-de-Siècle France.” Paper presented at the 22d Annual Conference of the Western Society for French History. Des Moines, Oct. 26–29.
- Dijkstra, Bram. 1986. Idols of Perversity: Fantasies of Feminine Evil in Fin-de-Siècle Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Doumic, René. 1894. “Les Écrivains du vingtième siècle”. La Revue des deux mondes, July 15, pp. 447–458.
- Doumic, René. 1899. Où sont les intellectuels. Paris: Bureau de “La Patrie française.”.
- Doumic, René. 1906. “Romans de femmes”. La Revue des deux mondes, May 15, pp. 447–458.
- Durkheim, Émile. [1893] 1984. The Division of Labor in Society. New York: Free Press.
- Durkheim, Émile. 1898. “L'Individualisme et les intellectuels”. La Revue bleue, July 2, pp. 7–13.
- Durkheim, Émile. [1895] 1987. Les Règles de la méthode sociologique. Paris: Quadrige.
- Durkheim, Émile. 1904. “L'Elite intellectuel et la démocratie”. La Revue bleue, June 4, pp. 705–706.
- Forth, Christopher E. 1993. “The Function and Fate of Nietzschean Philosophy at the Boundaries of French Sociology, 1898–1911”. Annals of Scholarship 10: 147–175.
- Fouillée, Alfred. 1893. “La Psychologie des sexes et ses fondaments physiologiques”. La Revue des deux mondes, Sept. 15, pp. 397–429.
- Fouillée, Alfred. 1902. Nietzsche et l'immoralisme. Paris: Alcan.
- Garb, Tamar. 1994. Sisters of the Brush: Women's Artistic Culture in Late Nineteenth-Century Paris. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Gilman, Sander. 1985. Difference and Pathology: Stereotypes of Sexuality, Race, and Madness. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
- Gourmont, Remy de. 1897. “L'Influence des lettres scandinaves”. La Revue blanche, Feb. 15, pp. 153–180.
- Gourmont, Remy de. 1903. “Épilogues: La Femme et le roman”. Mercure de France, July, p. 164.
- Grave, Jean. 1893. La Société mourante et l'anarchie. Paris: Tresse et Stock.
- Grave, Jean. 1896. “A un ‘intellectuel!’ Les Temps nouveaux, Oct. 23, pp. 2–3.
- Hauser, Fernand. 1898. “M. Émile Zola et l'opinion”. La Critique, Feb. 5, pp. 25–36.
- Herr, Lucien. 1898. “A M. Barrès”. La Revue blanche, Apr. pp. 241–245.
- Hourticq, Robert. 19031904. Review of G. Palante, Combat pour l'individu. L'Année sociologique, pp. 188–189.
- Huyssen, Andreas. 1986. “Mass Culture as Woman: Modernism's Other.” Pp. 188–207.In Studies in Entertainment: Critical Approaches to Mass Culture, edited by Tania Modleski. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- Idt, Geneviève. 1968. “‘L'Intellectuel’ avant l'Affaire Dreyfus”. Cahiers de lexicologie. Apr. pp. 35–46.
- Israël, Léon. 1905. “L'Ignorance des intellectuels”. L'Anarchie, July 6, p. 1.
- Japy, Gaston. 1905. Intellectuels exploiteurs. Paris: Féderation nationale des jaunes de France.
- Laffitte, Jean-Paul. 1893. “Les Femmes et la république”. La Revue bleue, May 27, pp. 659–660.
- Lanson, Gustave. 1892. “La Littérature et la science”. La Revue bleue, Oct. 1, 433–440.
- Lasserre, Pierre. 1913. La Doctrine officielle de l'Université. Paris: Librairie Garnier Frères.
- Le Bon, Gustave. 1890. “La Psychologie des femmes et les effets de leur éducation actuelle”. La Revue scientifique (Revue Rose), Oct. 11, pp. 449–460.
- Le Bon, Gustave. [1899] 1965. The Psychology of Socialism. Wells, VT: Fraser Publishing.
- Le Bon, Gustave. [1895] 1960. The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind. New York: Viking Press.
- Lehmann, Jennifer M. 1994. Durkheim and Women. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
- Lentillon, J.-M. 1898. Lettre ouverte à E. Zola. Lyon: Imprimerie C. Alricy.
- Littré, Émile. 1875. Dictionnaire de la langue française. Vols. 1, 3. Paris: Hachette, 1875.
- Lombroso, Caesar, and William Ferrero. 1958. The Female Offender. New York: Philosophical Library.
- Lormel, Louis. 1894. “L'Art et l'anarchisme”. L'Art littéraire, Mar.-Apr., pp. 34–35.
- Lukes, Steven. 1973. Individualism. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
- Maire, Gilbert. 1912. “Crise pédagogique et anarchisme universitaire”. Mercure de France, Nov. 16, pp. 273–291.
- Maurras, Charles. 1894. “Les Jeunes revues”. La Revue bleue, Jan. p. 118.
- Mazel, Henri. 1894. “L'Aristocratie”. La Plume, June 15, pp. 247–248.
- Mercier, Lucien. 1986. Les Universités populaires, 1899–1914. Paris: Éditions ouvrières.
- Moi, Toril. 1991. “Appropriating Bourdieu: Feminist Theory and Pierre Bourdieu's Sociology of Culture”. New Literary History 22: 1017–1049.
- Ner, Henry. 1897. “Le Massacre des amazones: Études critiques sur les bas-bleus d'aujourd'hui”. La Plume, Nov. 1, pp. 693–694.
- Nordau, Max. [1892] 1993. Degeneration. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
- Nye, Robert A. 1984. Crime, Madness, and Politics in Modern France. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Nye, Robert A. 1993. Masculinity and Male Codes of Honor in Modern France. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Offen, Karen. 1984. “Depopulation, Nationalism, and Feminism in Fin-de-Siècle France”. American Historical Review 89: 648–676.
- Offen, Karen. 1987. “Feminism, Antifeminism, and National Family Politics in Early Third Republic France.” pp. 177–186.In Connecting Spheres: Women in the Western World, 1500 to the Present, edited by Marilyn Boxer and Jean Quataert. New York: Oxford University Press.
- O'Neill, Kevin. 1963. “Gide and ‘L'Ermitage,’ 1896–1906”. A.U.M.L.A.: Journal of the Australasian Universities Modern Language Association. Nov. pp. 263–286.
- Pick, Daniel. 1989. Faces of Degeneration: A European Disorder, c.1848-c.1918. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Pierrot, Jean. 1981. The Decadent Imagination, 1880–1900. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Poggioli, Renato. 1968. The Theory of the Avant-Garde. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Ponton, Remy. 1975. “Naissance du roman psychologique: Capital culturel, capital social et stratégie littéraire à la fin du 19e siècle”. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, July, pp. 66–81.
- Ponton, Remy. 1990. “Durkheim et Lanson.” Pp. 253–267.In Philologiques I: Contribution à l'histoire des disciplines littéraires en France et en Allemagne au XIXe siécle, edited by Michel Espagne and Michael Werner. Paris: Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme.
- Poovey, Mary. 1987. “‘Scenes of an Indelicate Character’: The Medical ‘Treatment’ of Victorian Women.” Pp. 137–168. In The Making of the Modern Body: Sexuality and Society in the Nineteenth Century, edited by Catherine Gallagher and Thomas Laqueur. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Porcher, Jacques. 1897. “La Femme française et le culte de l'enfant”. La Revue bleue, Apr. 24, pp. 520–526.
- Quillard, Pierre. 1899. Le Monument Henry: Liste des souscripteurs classés méthodiquement et selon l'ordre alphabétique. Paris: Stock.
- Recolin, Charles. 1898. “L'Anarchie littéraire”. La Revue bleue, Oct. 8, pp. 467–469.
- Renouvier, Charles. 1930. Les Derniers entretiens. Ed. Louis Prat. Paris: J. Vrin.
- Retté, Adolphe. 1893. “L'Art et l'anarchie”. La Plume, Feb. 1, pp. 45–46.
- Réville, Albert. 1898. Les Étapes d'un intellectuel. Paris: Stock.
- Ringer, Fritz. 1992. Fields of Knowledge: French Academic Culture in Comparative Perspective, 1890–1920. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Rodes, Jean. 1902. “Enquête sur l'Éducation”. La Revue blanche, July, pp. 161–182.
- Schuré, Édouard. 1900. “Nietzsche en France et la psychologie de l'athée”. La Revue bleue, Sept. 8, pp. 289–295.
- Scott, Joan Wallach. 1990. Gender and the Politics of History. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Séipse, André de [André Suarès]. 1899. Lettres d'un solitaire sur les maux du temps: Première lettre: Barrès. Paris: Ollendorff.
- Sighele, Scipio. 1895. “Psychologie féminine”. La Revue des revues, Apr. 15, pp. 93–99.
- Silverman, Debora. 1989. Art Nouveau in Fin-de-Siècle France. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Silverman, Willa Z. The Notorious Life of Gyp: Right Wing Anarchist in Fin-de-Siécle France. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Sonn, Richard D. 1989. Anarchism and Cultural Politics in Fin de Siècle France. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
- Sorel, Albert-Émile. 1899. “‘La Jeunesse pensive’”. La Revue bleue, Nov. 11, pp. 634–637.
- Sorel, Georges. 1909. La Révolution dreyfusienne. Paris.
- Spitzer, Alan B. 1987. The French Generation of 1820. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Stepan, Nancy Leys. 1986. “Race and Gender: The Role of Analogy in Science”. Isis 77: 261–277.
- Sternhell, Zeev. 1994. The Birth of Fascist Ideology. Trans. David Maisel. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Tarde, Gabriel. 1969. On Communication and Social Influence: Selected Papers. Ed. Terry N. Clark. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Tarde, Gabriel. 1890. Les Lois de l'imitation. Paris: Alcan.
- Theweleit, Klaus. 1987. Male Fantasies. Vol. 1. Women, Bodies, Floods. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
- Valois, Georges. [1906] 1923. L'Homme qui vient: Philosophie de l'autorité. Paris: Nouvelle librairie nationale.
- Vauthier, Maurice. 1899. La France et l'affaire Dreyfus. Paris: Stock.
- Weber, Eugen. 1986. France, Fin de Siècle. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Weber, Eugen. 1992. Movements, Currents, Trends: Aspects of European Thought in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
- Williams, Raymond. 1976. Keywords. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Wilson, Stephen. 1982. Ideology and Experience: Antisemitism in France at the Time of the Dreyfus Affair. Rutherford, NJ: Farleigh Dickinson University Press.
Intellectual Anarchy and Imaginary Otherness: Gender, Class, and Pathology in French Intellectual Discourse, 1890–1900
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.