195
Views
18
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A Test for the Effect of Conformity on Crime Rates Using Voter Turnout

Pages 257-276 | Published online: 12 Dec 2016

  • Agnew, Robert. 1991. “A Longitudinal Test of Social Control Theory and Delinquency”. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 28:125–156.
  • Almond, Gabriel A., and Sidney Verba. 1965. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations, an Analytic Study. Boston: Little. Brown.
  • Biais, Andre. 2000. To Vote or Not to Vote: The Merits and Limits of Rational Choice Theory. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
  • Blasi, Augusto. 1980. “Bridging Moral Cognition and Moral Action: A Critical Review of the Literature”. Psychological Bulletin 88:1–45.
  • Cialdini, Robert B. 1993. Influence Science and Practice (3d ed.) New York: Harper Collins.
  • Cialdini, Robert B., 1993. Influence Science and Practice (3d ed.) New York: Harper Collins.
  • Cialdini, Robert B., Raymond R. Reno, and Carl A. Kallgren. 1990. “A Focus Theory of Normative Conduct: Recycling the Concept of Norms to Reduce Littering in Public Places”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58:1015–1026.
  • Cohen, Lawrence E., and Kenneth C. Land. 1999. “Social Correlates of Official Index Crime Rates for States, SMSAs, and Cities [United States]: A Macro-Level Dataset for 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1980” [Computer file]. ICPSR version. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research.
  • Coleman, James. 1990. Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Coleman, Stephen. 1975. Measurement and Analysis of Political Systems: A Science of Social Behavior. New York: John Wiley.
  • Coleman, Stephen. 1985. “The Human Brain, Social Conformity and Presidential Elections”. Journal of Mathematical Sociology 11:95–130.
  • Efron, Bradley, and Robert J. Tibshirani. 1993. An Introduction to the Bootstrap. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman and Hall.
  • Elster, Jon. 1989. The Cement of Society: A Study of Social Order. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Empey, LaMar T. 1982. American Delinquency: Its Meaning and Construction. Homewood, IL: Dorsey.
  • Foglia, Wanda D. 1997. “Perceptual Deterrence and the Mediating Effect of Internalized Social Norms Among Inner-City Teenagers”. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 34:414–442.
  • Glaeser, Edward L., Bruce Sacerdote, and Jose A. Scheinkman. 1996. “Crime and Social Interactions”. Quarterly Journal of Economics 111:502–548.
  • Grasmick, Harold G., Robert J. Bursik Jr., and Bruce J. Arneklev. 1993. “Reduction in Drunk Driving as a Response to Increased Threats of Shame, Embarrassment, and Legal Sanctions”. Criminology 31:41–67.
  • Green, Donald P., and Ian Shapiro. 1994. Pathologies of Rational Choice Theory: A Critique of Applications in Political Science. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Greene, William H. 1997. Econometric Analysis. (3d ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Hammond, John L. 1977. “Race and Electoral Mobilization: White Southerners, 1952–1968”. Public Opinion Quarterly 41:13–27.
  • Harcourt, Bernard E. 1998. “Reflecting on the Subject: A Critique of the Social Influence Conception of Deterrence, the Broken Windows Theory, and Order-Maintaining Policing New York Style”. Michigan Law Review 97:291–390.
  • Hirschi, Travis. 1969. Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Kahan, Dan M. 1997. “Social Influence, Social Meaning, and Deterrence”. Virginia Law Review 83:276–304.
  • Kelling, George L., and Catherine M. Coles. 1996. Fixing Broken Windows: Restoring Order and Reducing Crime in Our Communities. New York: Martin Kessler Books.
  • Key, V. O., Jr. 1949. Southern Politics in State and Nation. New York: Vintage.
  • Knack, Stephen. 1992. “Civic Norms, Social Sanctions, and Voter Turnout”. Rationality and Society 4:133–56.
  • Kohlberg, Lawrence. 1984. The Psychology of Moral Development: Moral Stages and the Life Cycle. San Francisco: Harper and Row.
  • Land. Kenneth, Patricia L. McCall, and Lawrence E. Cohen. 1990. “Structural Covariates of Homicide Rates: Are There Any Invariances Across Time and Social Space American Journal of Sociology 95:922–963.
  • Lyons, William, and Robert Alexander. 2000. “A Tale of Two Electorates: Generational Replacement and the Decline of Voting in Presidential Elections”. Journal of Politics 62:1014–1034.
  • Mak, Anita. 1990. “Testing a Psychosocial Control Theory of Delinquency”. Criminal Justice and Behavior 17:215–230.
  • Maltz, Michael D. 1999. Bridging Gaps in Police Crime Data. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
  • Paternoster, Raymond, Linda E. Salzman, Gordon P. Waldo, and Theodore G. Chiricos. 1983. “Estimating Perceptual Stability and Deterrent Effects: The Role of Perceived Legal Punishment in the Inhibition of Criminal Involvement”. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 74:270–97.
  • Reiss, A. J. 1988. “Co-offending and Criminal Careers.” pp. 117–170 in Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, vol. 10, edited by M. Tonry and N. Morris. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Reiter, Howard L. 1979. “Why is Turnout Down Public Opinion Quarterly 43:297–311.
  • Riker, William H., and Peter C. Ordeshook. 1968. “A Theory of the Calculus of Voting”. American Political Science Review 62:433–52.
  • Sampson, Robert J., and Stephen W. Raudenbush. 1997. “Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy”. Science 277:918–924.
  • Sampson, Robert J., and Stephen W. Raudenbush. 1999. “Systematic Social Observation of Public Spaces: A New Look at Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods”. American Journal of Sociology 105:603–51.
  • Shannon, Claude, and Warren Weaver. 1969. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
  • Skogan, Wesley G. 1990. Disorder and Decline: Crime and the Spiral of Decay in American Neighborhoods. New York: Free Press.
  • Teixeira, Ruy A. 1987. Why American Don't Vote: Turnout Decline in the United States 1960–1984. New York: Greenwood Press.
  • Tocqueville, Alexis de. [1835 1840] 1956. Democracy in America. Edited by Richard D. Heffner. New York: New American Library.
  • Travis, Jeremy. 1998. “Plenary Address at the Fourth Biennial Conference: International Perspectives on Crime, Justice and Public Order, June 21, 1998.” Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice (available at http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/speeches/budapest.htm, accessed on May 10, 2002).
  • U.S. Bureau of the Census (USBC) 1988. County and City Data Book. Online data from University of Virginia, Geospatial and Statistical Data Center (http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/ccdb, accessed on May 10, 2002).
  • U.S. Bureau of the Census (USBC) 1994. County and City Data Book. Online data from University of Virginia, Geospatial and Statistical Data Center (http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/ccdb, accessed on May 10, 2002).
  • Zuckerman, Alan S., and Laurence A. Kotler-Berkowitz. 1998. “Politics and Society: Political Diversity and Uniformity in Households as a Theoretical Puzzle”. Comparative Political Studies 31:464–497.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.