689
Views
49
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The Color of Welfare Sanctioning: Exploring the Individual and Contextual Roles of Race on TANF Case Closures and Benefit Reductions

Pages 678-707 | Published online: 01 Dec 2016

REFERENCES

  • Blalock, Hubert M. 1967. Toward a Theory of Minority Group Relations. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Blumer, Herbert. 1958. “Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position.” Pacific Sociological Review 1:3–7.
  • Bobo, Lawrence and James Kluegel. 1993. “Opposition to Race-Targeting: Self-Interest, Stratification Ideology, or Racial Attitudes?” American Sociological Review 58:443–64.
  • Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2001. White Supremacy and Racism in the Post Civil Rights Era. London, UK: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2003. Racism without Racists: Color-Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in the United States. Oxford, UK: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Brodkin, Evelyn Z. 1997. “Inside the Welfare Contract: Discretion and Accountability in State Welfare Administration.” Social Service Review 71(March):1–33.
  • Brown, Michael. 2003. “Ghettos, Fiscal Federalism, and Welfare Reform.” Pp. 47–71 in Race and the Politics of Welfare Reform, edited by Sanford Schram, Joe Soss, and Richard Fording. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • Browne, Irene. 2000. “Opportunities Lost? Race, Institutional Restructuring, and Employment among Young Women Heading Households.” Social Forces 78:907–29.
  • Chang, Yunhee, Andrea H. Beller, and Elizabeth Powers. 2001. “Who Gets Sanctioned under Welfare Reform? Evidence from Child Support Enforcement in Illinois.” Family Relations & Human Development/Family Economics & Resource Management Biennial 4:53–61.
  • Cherlin, Andrew J., Karen Bogen, James M. Quane, and Linda Burton. 2002. “Operating within the Rules: Welfare Participants’ Experiences with Sanctions and Case Closings.” Social Service Review 76(September):388–405.
  • Collins, Patricia Hill. 1990. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge Construction and the Politics of Empowerment. New York: Routledge.
  • Crowley, Martha and Daniel T. Lichter. 2009. “Social Disorganization in New Latino Destinations?” Rural Sociology 74:573–604.
  • Fording, Richard, Sanford F. Schram, and Joe Soss. 2006. “Devolution, Discretion, and Local Variation in TANF Sanctioning.” UKCPR Discussion Paper Series #2006-04. Retrieved March 2, 2007 (http://www.ukcpr.org/Publications/DP2006-04.pdf).
  • Fording, Richard C., Joe Soss, and Sanford F. Schram. 2007. “Devolution, Discretion, and the Effect of Local Political Values on TANF Sanctioning.” Social Service Review 37:285–316.
  • Gilens, Martin. 1999. Why Americans Hate Welfare: Race, Media, and the Politics of Antipoverty Policy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Gooden, Susan. 1998. “All Things Not Being Equal: Differences in Caseworker Support toward Black and White Welfare Participants.” Harvard Journal of African American Public Policy 4:23–33.
  • Hagen, Jan L. and Judith Ownes-Manley. 2002. “Issues in Implementing TANF in New York: The Perspective of Frontline Workers.” Social Work 47:171–83.
  • Hasenfeld, Yeheskel, Toorjo Ghose, and Kandyce Larson. 2004. “The Logic of Sanctioning Welfare Participants: An Empirical Assessment.” Social Service Review 79(37):304–19.
  • Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR). 2007. “County Characteristics, 2000–2007.”
  • Kahil, Ariel, Kristin S. Seefeldt, and Hui-Chen Wang. 2002. “Sanctions and Material Hardship under TANF.” Social Service Review 76:642–62.
  • Keiser, Lael R., Peter R. Mueser, and Seung-Whan Chai. 2004. “Race, Bureaucratic Discretion, and the Implementation of Welfare Reform.” American Journal of Political Science 48:314–27.
  • Kennelly, Ivy. 1999. “‘That Single-Mother Element’: How White Employers Typify Black Women.” Gender & Society 13:168–92.
  • Key, V. O., Jr. 1949. Southern Politics in State and Nation. New York: Knopf.
  • Kinder, Donald R. and Tali Mendelberg. 1995. “Cracks in American Apartheid: The Political Impact of Prejudice among Desegregated Whites.” Journal of Policies 57:402–24.
  • Lens, Vicki and Susan E. Vorsanger. 2005. “Complaining after Claiming: Fair Hearings after Welfare Reform.” Social Service Review 79(37):430–53.
  • Lieberman, Robert C. 1998. Shifting the Color Line: Race and the American Welfare State. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Lower-Basch, Elizabeth. 2000. “Leavers” and Diversion Studies: Preliminary Analysis of Racial Differences in Caseload Trends and Leaver Outcomes. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. Retrieved August 13, 2010 (http://www.aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/leavers99/race.htm#TOC).
  • Lurie, Irene. 2006. At the Front Lines of the Welfare System: A Perspective on the Decline in Welfare Caseloads. Albany, NY: The Rockefeller Institute Press.
  • Meyers, Marcia K., Bonnie Glaser, and Karin MacDonald. 1998. “On the Front Lines of Welfare Delivery: Are Workers Implementing Policy Reform?” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 17(1):1–22.
  • Monnat, Shannon M. 2010. “Toward a Critical Understanding of Gendered ‘Color-Blind’ Racism within the U.S. Welfare Institution.” Journal of Black Studies 40:637–52.
  • Monnat, Shannon M. and Laura A. Bunyan. 2008. “Race, Capitalism, and Welfare Reform: Who Really Benefits from Welfare-to-Work Policies?” Race, Gender and Class 15:115–33.
  • Moss, Philip and Chris Tilly. 1995. “Skills and Race in Hiring: Quantitative Findings from Face-to-Face Interviews.” Eastern Economic Journal 21(Summer):357–74.
  • Neubeck, Kenneth J. and Noel A. Cazenave. 2001. Welfare Racism: Playing the Race Card against America's Poor. New York: Routledge.
  • Ortiz, Susan Y. and Vincent Roscigno. 2009. “Discrimination, Women, and Work: Processes and Variations by Race and Class.” The Sociological Quarterly 50:336–59.
  • Pager, Devah, Bruce Western, and Bart Bonikowski. 2009. “Discrimination in a Low-Wage Labor Market: A Field Experiment.” American Sociological Review 74:777–99.
  • Pavetti, LaDonna, Michelle Derr, and Heather Hesketh. 2003. Review of Sanction Policies and Research Studies: Final Literature Review. Washington, DC: Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. Retrieved May 15, 2007 (http://aspe.hhs.gov/HSP/TANF-Sanctions03/).
  • Quadagno, Jill. 1994. The Color of Welfare: How Racism Undermined the War on Poverty. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Raudenbush, Stephen W. and Anthony S. Bryk. 2002. Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods. 2d ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Rowe, Gretchen and Mary Murphy. 2009. Welfare Rules Databook: State TANF Policies as of July 2008. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.
  • Savner, Steve. 2000. “Welfare Reform and Racial/Ethnic Minorities: The Questions to Ask.” Retrieved May 15, 2007 (http://www.clasp.org/publications/welfare_reform_and_racial.pdf).
  • Schram, Sanford F. 2005. “Contextualizing Racial Disparities in American Welfare Reform: Toward a New Poverty Research.” Perspectives on Politics 3(2):253–68.
  • Schram, Sanford F., Joe Soss, and Richard C. Fording. 2003. Race and the Politics of Welfare Reform. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • Schram, Sanford F., Joe Soss, Richard C. Fording, and Linda Houser. 2009. “Deciding to Discipline: Race, Choice, and Punishment at the Frontlines of Welfare Reform.” American Sociological Review 74:398–422.
  • Snijders, Tom A. B. and Roel J. Bosker. 1999. Multilevel Analysis: An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Soss, Joe, Richard C. Fording, and Sanford Schram. 2008. “The Color of Devolution: The Politics of Local Punishment in an Era of Neo-Liberal Welfare Reform.” American Journal of Political Science 52:536–53.
  • Soss, Joe, Sanford. Schram, T. P. Vartanian, and E. O'Brien. 2001. “Setting the Terms of Relief: Explaining State Policy Choices in the Devolution Revolution.” American Journal of Political Science 45:378–95.
  • Stein, Robert M., Stephanie Shirley Post, and Allison L. Rinden. 2000. “Reconciling Context and Contact Effects on Racial Attitudes.” Political Research Quarterly 53:285–303.
  • Thomas, Ward F. 2003. “The Meaning of Race to Employers: A Dynamic Qualitative Perspective.” The Sociological Quarterly 44:227–42.
  • Timberlake, Jeffrey M. and Sarah Beth Estes. 2007. “Do Racial and Ethnic Stereotypes Depend on the Sex of Target Group Members? Evidence from a Survey-Based Experiment.” The Sociological Quarterly 48:399–433.
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families (HHS ACF). 1999. TANF Sampling and Statistical Methods Manual. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families (HHS ACF). 2001–2006. “TANF Data Report—Disaggregated Data Collection for Families Currently and No Longer Receiving Assistance under the TANF Program.” CD-ROM.
  • Zamudio, Margaret and Michael I. Lichter. 2008. “Bad Attitudes and Good Soldiers: Soft Skills as a Code for Tractability in the Hiring of Immigrant Latina/Os over Native Blacks in the Hotel Industry.” Social Problems 55:573–89.
  • Zinn, Maxine Baca. 1982. “Mexican American Women in the Social Sciences.” Signs 8:259–72.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.