References
- Artale, V., Calmanti, S. and Sutera, A. 2003. Thermohaline circula-tion sensitivity to intermediate level anomalies. Tellus 54A, 159–174.
- Bower, A. S., Cann, B. L., Rossby, T., Zenk, W., Gould, J., Speer, K., Richardson, P. L., Prater, M. D. and Zhang, H. M. 2002. Directly mea-sured mid-depth circulation in the northeastern north atlantic. Nature 41, 603–607.
- Cessi, P. 1994. A simple box-model of stochastically forced thermohaline flow. J. Phys. Oceanogr 24, 1911–1920.
- Chan, W. and Motoi, T. 2003. Effects of stopping the Mediterranean Outflow on the southern polar region. Polar MeteoroL Glaciol. 17, 25–35.
- Curry, R., Dickson, B. and Yashayaev, J. 2003. A change in the freshwater balance of the Atlantic Ocean over the past four decades. Nature 426, 826–829.
- Delworth, T. S., Manabe, S. and Stouffer, R. J. 1993. Interdecadal vari-ations of the thermohaline circulation in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Climate 6, 1993–2011.
- Gerdes, R., Kiiberle, C., Beckmann, A., Herrmann, P. and Wille-brand, J. 1999. Mechanisms for spreading of mediterranean water in coarse-resolution numerical models. J. Phys. Oceanogr 29, 1682–1700.
- Griffies, S. M. and Tziperman, E. 1995. A linear thermohaline oscil-lator driven by stochastic atmospheric forcing. J. Climate 8, 2440–2453.
- Lucarini, V. and Stone, P. H. 2005. Thermohaline circulation stability: a box-model study. Part I: uncoupled model. J. Phys. Oceanogr 18, 501–513.
- Marshall, J., Kushnir, Y., Battisti, D., Chang, P., Czaja, A., Dickson, R., Hurrell, J., McCartney, M., Saravanan, R. and Visbeck, M. 2001. North Atlantic climate variability: phenomena, impacts and mechanisms. Int. J. Climatol. 21, 1863–1898.
- McCartney, M. and Mauritzen, S. 2001. On the origin of the warm inflow in the Nordic sea. Pmgr in Oceanogr. 51, 125–214.
- Mikolajewicz, U. and Maier-Reimer, E. 1994. Mixed BCs in ocean general circulation models and their influence on the stability of the model’s conveyor belt. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 22633-22 644.
- Potter, R. A. and Lozier, M. S. 2004. On the warming and salinification of the Mediterranean Outflow waters in the North Atlantic. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L01202, doi: 10.1029/2003GL018161.
- Press, W. H., Teukolsky, S. A., Vetterling, W. T. and Flannery, B. P. 2002. Numerical Recipes in Fortran 77: The Art of Scientific Computing, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.
- Rahmstorf, S. 1996. On the freshwater forcing and transport of the At-lantic thermohaline circulation. Clim. Dyn. 12, 799–811.
- Rahmstorf, S. 1998. Influence of Mediterranean Outflow on climate. Eos 79, 281–282.
- Reid, J. L. 1979. On the contribution of the Mediterranean sea out-flow to the Norwegian-Greenland sea. Deep-Sea Res. 26, 1199–1223.
- Rivin, I. and Tziperman, E. 1997. Linear versus self sustained inter-decadal thermohaline variability in a coupled box-model. J. Phys. Oceanogr 27, 1216–2446.
- Scott, J. R., Marotzke, J. and Stone, P. H. 1999. Interhemispheric ther-mohaline circulation in a coupled box-model. J.Phys.Oceanogr. 29, 351–365.
- Sparrow, M., Boebel, O., Zervakis, V., Cantos-Figuerola, W. Z. A. and Gould, W. J. 2002. Two circulation regimes of the Mediterranean outflow revealed by lagrangian measurements. J. Phys. Oceanogr 32, 1322–1330.
- Stommel, H. 1961. Thermohaline convection with two stable regimes of flow. Tellus 13, 224–227.
- Tziperman, E., Toggweiler, R. J., Feliks, Y. and Bryan, K. 1994. Instability of the thermohaline circulation with respect to mixed boundary conditions: Is it really a problem for realistic models? J. Phys. Ocean. 24, 217–232.
- Weisse, R., Mikolajevicz, U. and Maier-Reimer, E. 1994. Decadal variability of the north atlantic in an ocean general circulation model. J. Geophy. Res. 99 (C6), 12411–12421.
- Welander, P. 1971. The thermocline problem. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London 270A, 415–421.