Impact of swell on simulations using a regional atmospheric climate model

References

• Businger, J. A., Wyngaard, J. C., Izumi, Y. and Bradley, E. F. 1971. Flux-profile relationships in the atmospheric surface layer. J. Atmos. Sc i. 28, 181–189.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsson, B., Rutgersson, A. and Smedman, A.-S. 2009. Investigating the effect of a wave-dependent momentum flux in a process oriented ocean model. Boreal Environ. Res. 14, 3–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charnock, H. 1955. Wind stress on a water surface. Q. J. R. MeteoroL Soc. 81, 639–640.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donelan, M. A. 1990. Air-sea interaction. In: The Sea: Ocean Engineering Science Volume 9 (eds. B. LeMehaute and D. Hanes). John Wiley, New York, 239–292.
   Google Scholar
• Donelan, M. A., Hamilton, J. and Hui, W. H. 1985. Directional spectra of wind-generated waves. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 315, 509–562.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doyle, J. D. 1995. Coupled ocean wave/atmosphere mesoscale model simulations of cyclogenesis. Tellus 47A, 766–778.
   Google Scholar
• Doyle, J. D. 2002. Coupled atmosphere-ocean wave simulations under high wind conditions. Mon. Wea. Re v. 130, 3087–3099.
   Google Scholar
• Drennan, W. M., Graber, H. C. and Donelan, M. A. 1999. Evidence for the effects of swell and unsteady winds on marine wind stress. J. Phys. Oceanogr 29, 1853–1864.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drennan, W. M., Graber, H. C., Hauser, D. and Quentin, C. 2003. On the wave age dependence of wind stress over pure wind seas.J. Geophys. Res. 108, FET10.1-FET10.13,10.1029/2000JC000715.
   Google Scholar
• Edson, J. B. and Fairall, C. W. 1998. Similarity relationships in the marine atmospheric surface layer for terms in the TKE and scalar variance budgets. J Atmos. Sc i. 55, 2311–2328.
   Google Scholar
• Fairall, C. W., Bradley, E. E, Hare, J. E., Grachev, A. A. and Edson, J. B. 2003. Bulk parameterization of air-sea fluxes: updates and verification for the COARE algorithm. J. Clim. 16, 571–591.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grachev, A. A. and Fairall, C. W. 2001. Upward momentum trans-fer in the marine boundary layer. J. Phys. Oceanogr 31, 1698–1711.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo Larsén, X. 2003. Climatological characteristics at a marine site in the Baltic Sea Proper. In: Air-Sea Exchange of Momentum and Sensi-ble Heat over the Baltic Sea, Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology Volume 820. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Uppsala, Sweden,1-23.
   Google Scholar
• Guo Larsén, X., Makin, V. K. and Smedman, A.-S. 2003. Impact of waves on the sea drag: measurements in the Baltic Sea and a model interpretation. Glob. Atmos. Ocean Syst. 9, 97–120.
   Google Scholar
• Guo Larsén, X., Smedman, A.-S. and Högström, U. 2004. Air-sea ex-change of sensible heat over the Baltic Sea. Q. J. R. MeteoroL Soc. 130, 519–539.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haugen, D. A., Kaimal, J. C. and Bradley, E. E 1971. An experimental study of Reynolds stress and heat flux in the atmospheric surface layer. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 97, 168–180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holland, J. Z., Chen, W., Almazon, J. A. and Elder, F. C. 1981. Atmo-spheric boundary layer. In: IFYGL: The International Field Year for the Great Lakes (eds. E. J. Aubert and T. L. Richards). NOAA, Ann Arbor, MI, 109-167.
   Google Scholar
• Högström, U. 1990. Analysis of turbulence structure in the surface layer with a modified similarity formulation for near neutral conditions. J. Atm. Sc i. 47, 1949–1972.
   Google Scholar
• Högström, U. 1996. Review of some basic characteristics of the atmo-spheric surface layer. Bound.-Lay. MeteoroL 78, 215–246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Högstrom, U., Sahlee, E., Drennan, W. M., Kahma, K. K., Smedman, A.-S. and co-authors. 2008. Momentum fluxes and wind gradients in the marine boundary layer - a multi-platform study. Boreal Environ. Res. 13, 475-502.
   Google Scholar
• Hwang, P. A. 2005. Temporal and spatial variation of the drag coefficient of a developing sea under steady wind-forcing.J. Geophys. Res. 110, C07024.1-007024.6,10.1029/2005JC002912.
   Google Scholar
• Janssen, P. A. E. M. and Viterbo, P. 1996. Ocean waves and the atmo-spheric climate. J. Clim. 9, 1269–1287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssen, P. A. E. M., Doyle, J. D., Bidlot, J., Hansen, B., Isaksen, L. and co-authors. 2001. Impact and feedback of ocean waves on the atmosphere. ECMWF Technical Memorandum, no. 341, ECMWF, Reading, England, 32 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Johansson, C., Smedman, A.-S., Bergstrom, H., Gryning, S.-E. 2003. Influence of boundary layer height on turbulence structure in the marine atmospheric surface layer over the Baltic Sea. In: Influence of External factors on the Turbulence Structure in the Boundary Layer, Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology Volume 792. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Uppsala, Sweden,1-29.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, C. G., Willen, U., Ullerstig, A. and Hansson, U. 2004. The Rossby Centre regional atmospheric climate model Part I: model climatology and performance for the present climate over Europe. Ambio 33, 199–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Large, W. G. and Pond, S. 1981. Open ocean momentum flux measure-ments in moderate to strong winds. J. Phys. Oceanogr 11, 324-336.
   Google Scholar
• Lionello, R, Malguzzi, P. and Buzzi, A. 1998. Coupling between the atmospheric circulation and the ocean wave field: an idealized case. J. Phys. Oceanogr 28, 161–177.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohlson, A. 2006. The accuracy of the wind stress over ocean of the Rossby Centre Atmospheric model (RCA). Master Thesis. Department of Geosciences, Uppsala University, Sweden, 29 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Pan, J., Wang, D. W. and Hwang, P. A. 2005. A study of wave effects on wind stress over the ocean in a fetch-limited case.J. Geophys. Res. 110, CO2020.1—0O2020.15,10.1029/2003JC002258.
   Google Scholar
• Paulson, C. A. 1970. The mathematical representation of wind speed and temperature profiles in the unstable atmospheric surface layer. J. Appl. Meteorol. 9, 857–861.
   Google Scholar
• Pierson, W. J. 1964. The interpretation of wave spectrums in terms of the wind profile instead of the wind measured at a constant height. J. Geophys. Res. 69, 5191–5203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierson, W. J. and Moskowitz, L. 1964. A proposed spectral form for fully developed seas based on the similarity theory of S. A. Kitaig-orodslcii. J. Geophys. Res. 69, 5181–5190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutgersson, A. and Sullivan, P. P. 2005. The effect of idealized water waves on the turbulent structure and kinetic energy budgets in the overlying airflow.Dyn. Atmos. Oceans 38, 147-171.
   Google Scholar
• Rutgersson, A., Smedman, A.-S. and Högstriim, U. 2001. Use of con-ventional stability parameters during swell.J. Geophys. Res. 106, 27117-27134.
   Google Scholar
• Rutgersson, A., Carlsson, B. and Smedman, A.-S. 2007. Modelling sen-sible and latent heat fluxes over sea during unstable, very close to neutral conditions. Bound-Lay. Meteorol. 123, 395–415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smedman, A.-S., Tjernstriim, M. and Högstriim, U. 1994. The near-neutral marine atmospheric boundary layer with no surface shearing stress: a case study. J. Atm. Sci. 51, 3399–3411.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smedman, A.-S., Högström, U., Bergstrom, H., Rutgersson, A., Kahma, K. K. and co-authors. 1999. A case study of air—sea interaction during swell conditions.J. Geophys. Res. 104, 25833-25851.
   Google Scholar
• Smedman, A.-S., Guo Larsen, X., Högstriim, U., Kahma, K. K. and Pettersson, H. 2003. Effect of sea state on the momentum exchange over the sea during neutral conditions. J. Geophys. Res. 108, 3367, 10.1029/2002JC001526.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smedman, A-.S., Högström, U., Sahlee, E. and Johansson, C. 2007. Crit-ical re-evaluation of the bulk transfer coefficient for sensible heat over the ocean during unstable and neutral conditions. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 133, 227–250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, R. W. 1974. The air—sea momentum exchange. Bound.-Lay. Meteorol. 6, 151–167.
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan, P. P., McWilliams, J. C. and Moeng, C.-H. 2000. Simulation of turbulent flow over idealized water waves. J. Fluid Mech. 404, 47-85.
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan, P. P., Edson, J. B., Hristov, T. and McWilliams, J. C. 2008. Large-eddy simulations and observations of atmospheric marine boundary layers above nonequilibrium surface waves.J. Atm. Sci. 65, 1225-1245.
   Google Scholar
• WAMDI Group (Hasselmann, S., Hasselmann, K., Bauer, E., Janssen, P. A. E. M., Komen, G. and co-authors). 1988. The WAM model — a third generation ocean wave prediction model. J. Phys. Oceanogr 18, 1775–1810.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woetmann-Nielsen, N. 1998. Inclusion of free convection and a smooth sea surface in the parameterisation of surface fluxes over sea.Hirlam Newsletter 32:44–51. Available from: SMHI, SE-601 76 Norrkoping, Sweden.
   Google Scholar