305
Views
34
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Temporal and spatial variations of oceanic pCO2 and air–sea CO2 flux in the Greenland Sea and the Barents Sea

, , , , , & show all
Pages 148-161 | Received 11 Apr 2005, Accepted 07 Nov 2005, Published online: 18 Jan 2017

References

  • Aagaard, K., Swift, J. H. and Carmack, E.G. 1985. Thermohaline circula-tion in the Arctic Mediterranean seas. J. Geophys. Res. 90,4833–4846.
  • Anderson, L. G. 1995. Chemical oceanography of the Arctic and its shelf seas. In: Arctic Oceanography: Marginal Ice Zones and Conti-nental Sand Estuarine Studies (eds W. 0. Smith, Jr. and J. M. Greb-meier). American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 183–202.
  • Anderson, L. G., Drange, H., Chierici, M., Fransson, A., Johannessen, T. and co-authors. 2000. Annual carbon fluxes in the upper Greenland Sea based on measurements and a box-model approach. Tellus 52B, 1013–1024.
  • Broecker, W. S. and Peng, T. H. 1982. Tracer in the Sea, 690 pp. Eldigio Press, Palisades, New York.
  • Cosca, C. E., Feely, R. A., Boutin, J., Etcheto, J., McPhaden, M. J. and co-authors2003. Seasonal and interannual CO2 flux for the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean as determined from fCO2-SST relationships. J. Geophys. Res. 108 (C8), 3278, 10.1029/2000JC000677.
  • Dandonneau, Y. 1995. Sea-surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the eastern equatorial Pacific (August 1991 to October 1992): a multivariate analysis of physical and biological factors. Deep-Sea Res. II 42, 349–364.
  • Feely, R. A., Boutin, J., Cosca, C. E., Dandonneau, Y., Etch-eto, J. and co-authors 2002. Seasonal and interannual variabil-ity of CO2 in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II 49, 2443–2470.
  • Francey, R. J., Tans, P. P., Allison, C. E., Enting, I. G., White, J. W. C. and co-author1995. Changes in oceanic and terrestrial carbon uptake since 1982. Nature 373, 326–330.
  • Fransson, A., Chierici, M., Anderson, L. G., Bussman, I., Jones, E. P. and co-author2001. The importance of shelf processes for the modification of chemical constituents in the waters of the eastern Arctic Ocean. She Res. 21, 225–242.
  • Furevik, T. 2001. Annual and interannual variability of Atlantic water temperatures in the Norwegian and Barents Seas: 1980-1996. Deep-Sea Res. I 48, 383–404.
  • Gruber, N., Keeling, C. D. and Bates, N. R. 2002. Interannual vari-ability in the North Atlantic Ocean carbon sink. Science 298, 2374–2378.
  • Hood, E. M., Merlivat, L. and Johannessen, T. 1999. Variations of fCO2 and air-sea flux of CO2 in the Greenland Sea gyre using high-frequency time series data from CARIOCA drift buoys./. Geophys. Res. 104(C9), 20 571-20 583.
  • Inoue, H. Y., Matsueda, H., Ishii, M., Fushimi, K., Hirota, M., Asanuma, I. and Takasugi, Y 1995. Long-term trend of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in surface waters of the western North Pacific 1984-1993. Tellus 47B, 391–413.
  • Inoue, H. Y. and Ishii, M. 2005. Variations and trend of CO2 in the surface seawater in the Southern Ocean south of Australia between 1969 and 2002. Tellus 57B, 58–69.
  • Jones, P. D., Osborn, T. J., Briffa, K. R., Folland, C. K., Horton, E. B. and co-authors 2001. Adjusting for sampling density in grid box land and ocean surface temperature time series. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 3371–3380.
  • Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D. and co-authors1996. The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. of Am. Meteorol. Soc. 77, 437–472.
  • Kaltin, S., Anderson, L. G., Olsson, K., Fransson, A. and Chierici, M. 2002. Uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the Barents Sea. ./. Marine Systems 38, 31–45.
  • Keeling, R. E and Shertz, S. R. 1992. Seasonal and interannual variations in atmospheric oxygen and implications for the global carbon cycle. Nature 358, 723–727.
  • Keeling, C. D., Whorf, T. P., Wahlen, M. and van der Plicht, J. 1995. Interannual extremes in the rate of rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide since 1980. Nature 375, 666–670.
  • Keeling, C. D., Brix, H. and Gruber, N. 2004. Seasonal and long-term dynamics of the upper ocean carbon cycle at Station ALOHA near Hawaii. Global Bogeochem. Cycles 18, GB4006, 10.1029/2004GB002227.
  • Lefevre, N., Watson, A. J., Olsen, A. and Johannessen, T. 2004. A de-crease in the sink for atmospheric CO2 in the North Atlantic. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L07306 10.1029/2003GL018957.
  • Le Quere, C., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Bousquet, P., Ciais, P. and co-authors.2003. Two decades of ocean CO2 sink and variability. Tellus 55B, 649–656.
  • Midorikawa, T., Nemoto, K., Kamiya, H., Ishii, M. and Inoue, H. Y. 2005. Persistently strong oceanic CO2 sink in the western subtropical North Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L05612, 10.1029/2004GL021952.
  • Morimoto, S., Aoki, S. and Yamanouchi, T. 2001. Temporal variations of atmospheric CO2 concentration and carbon isotope ratio in Ny-kesund, Svalbard, “Environmental Research in the Arctic 2000”. Mem. Natl. Inst. Polar Res. Spec. Issue 54, 71–80.
  • Nakazawa, T., Morimoto, S., Aoki, S. and Tanaka, M. 1997. Tempo-ral and spatial variations of the carbon isotopic ratio of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the western Pacific region. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 1271–1285.
  • Noji, T. T., Miller, L. A., Skjelvan, I., Falck, E., Borsheim, K. Y and co-authors. 2000. Constrains on carbon drawdown and export in the Greenland sea. In: The Northern North Atlantic: A Changing Environ-ment (eds. P. Schafer, W. Ritzrau, M. Schluter and J. Thiede). Springer, Berlin. pp. 39–52.
  • Olsen, A., Bellerby, R. G. J., Johannessen, T., Omar, A. and Skjelvan, I.2003. Interannual variability in the wintertime air-sea flux of carbon dioxide in the northern North Atlantic, 1981-2001. Deep-Sea Res. I 50, 1323–1338.
  • Omar, A., Johannessen, T., Kaltin, S. and Olsen, A. 2003. Anthropogenic increase of oceanicpCO2 in the Barents Sea surface water. J. Geophys. Res. 108(C12), 3388, 10.1029/2002JC001628.
  • Overland, J. E. and Wang, M. 2005. The Arctic climate paradox: there-cent decrease of the Arctic oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L06701, 10.1029/2004GL021752.
  • Prentice, I. C., Farquhar, G. D., Fasham, N. J. R., Goulden, M. L., Heimann, M. and co-authors.2001. The carbon cycle and atmospheric CO2. In: Climate Change: The Scientific Basis, the Contribution of WGI of the IPCC to the IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR) (eds. J. T. Houghton and D. Yihui). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 183–237.
  • Rayner, P. J., Enting, I. G., Francey, R. J. and Langenfelds, R. L. 1999. Reconstructing the recent carbon cycle from atmospheric CO2, 513C and 02/N2 observations. Tellus 51B, 213–232.
  • Schlosser, P., Bonisch, G., Kromer, B. and Miinnich, K. 0.1990. Ven-tilation rates in the Nansen Basin of the Arctic Ocean derived from a multitracer approach. J. Geophys. Res. 95, 3265–3272.
  • Skjelvan, I., Johannessen, T. and Miller, L. A. 1999. Interannual vari-ability of CO2 in the Greenland and Norwegian Seas. Tellus 51B, 477–489.
  • Smith, S. R., Legler, D. M. and Verzone, K. V. 2001. Quantifying uncer-tainties in NCEP reanalysis using high-quality research vessel obser-vations. J. Climate 14,4062–4072.
  • Takahashi, T., Olafsson, J., Godard, J. G, Chipman, D. W. and Suther-land, S. C.1993. Seasonal variation of CO2 and nutrient in the high-latitude surface oceans: a comparative study. Global Biogeochem. Cy-cles 7(4), 843–878.
  • Takahashi, T., Stewart, C. S., Sweeney, C., Poisson, A., Metzl, N. and co-authors.2002. Global sea-air CO2 flux based on climatological surface ocean pCO2, and seasonal biological and temperature effects. Deep-Sea Res. 11 49, 1601–1622.
  • Tanaka, M., Nakazawa, T. and Aoki, S. 1987. Time and space vari-ations of tropospheric carbon dioxide over Japan. Tellus 39B, 3–12.
  • Tans, P. P., Fung, I. Y. and Takahashi, T. 1990. Observational con-straints on the global atmospheric CO2 budget. Science 247, 1431–1438.
  • Wallace, J. M. and Gutzler D. S.1981. Teleconnections in the geopoten-tial height field during the Northern Hemisphere winter. Mon. Wea. Rev. 109, 784–812.
  • Wanninkhof, R. 1992. Relationship between wind speed and gas ex-change. J. Geophys. Res. 97, 7373–7382.
  • Wanninkhof, R. and McGills, W. R. 1999. A cubic relationship between air-sea CO2 exchange and wind speed. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 1889–1993.
  • Wanninkhof, R., Feely, R. A., Chen, H., Cosca, C. E and Murphy, P. P. 1996. Surface water fCO2 in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the 1992-1993 El Niflo. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 16 333–16343.
  • Watai, T., Kikuchi, M. and Nakazawa, T. 1998. Temporal variations of surface oceanic and atmospheric CO2 fugacity and total dissolved inorganic carbon in the northwestern North Pacific. J. Oceanogr. 54, 323–336.
  • Weiss, R. E 1974. Carbon dioxide in water and seawater: the solubility of a non-ideal gas. Mar. Chem. 2, 203–215.
  • Weiss, R. E, Van Woy, E A. and Salameh, P. K. 1992. Surface water and atmospheric carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide observations by shipboard automated gas chromatography: results from expeditions between 1977 and 1990. Scripps Institute of Oceanography. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center Oak Ridge National Laboratory. NDP-044.