A test of sensitivity to convective transport in a global atmospheric CO₂ simulation

References

• Andres, R. J., Marland, G., Fung, I. and Matthews, E. 1996. Distri-bution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture, 1950-1990 Gobal Biogeochem. Cycles 10, 419–429.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aubinet, M., Chermanne, B., Vandenhaute, M., Longdoz, B., Yernaux, M. and co-authors.2001. Long term carbon dioxide exchange above a mixed forest in the Belgian Ardennes. Agric. For MeteoroL 108, 293–315.
   Google Scholar
• Battle, M., Bender, M. L., Tans, P. P., White, J. W. C., Ellis, J. T. and co-authors. 2000. Global carbon sinks and their variability inferred from atmospheric 02 and dl3C. Science 287, 2467–2470.
   Google Scholar
• Bey, I., Jacob, D. J., Yantosca, R. M., Logan, J. A., Field, B. D. and co-authors.2001. Global modeling of tropospheric chemistry with as-similated meteorology: model description and evaluation. J. Geophys. Res. Vol. 106 (019), 23 073-23 078 (2001JD000807).
   Google Scholar
• Bloom, S., da Silva, A., Dee, D., Bosilovich, M., Chern, J-D and co-authors.2005. Documentation and Validation of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Data Assimilation System-Version 4, NASA/TM-2005-104606, Vol. 26.
   Google Scholar
• Bousquet, R, Peylin, P., Ciais, P., Le Quere, C., Friedlingstein, P. and co-authors. 2000. Regional changes in carbon dioxide fluxes of land and oceans since 1980. Science 290, 1342–1346.
   Google Scholar
• Chin, M., Ginoux, R, Kinne, S., Tones, 0., Holben, B. N. and co-authors.2002. Tropospheric aerosol optical thickness from the GO-CART model and comparisons with satellite and sun photometer mea-surements. J. Atmos. Sci. 59,461–483.
   Google Scholar
• Chin, M., Chu, A., Levy, R., Remer, L., Kaufman, Y. and co-authors.2004. Aerosol distribution in the northern hemisphere dur-ing ACE-Asia: results from global model, satellite observations, and sunphotometer measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 109, 10.1029/2004JDO04829.
   Google Scholar
• Collins, B., Leo, D., Hack, J., Randall, D., Rasch, P. and co-authors.2004. Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM 3.0), http://www.ccsm.ucar.edu/models/atm-cam/docs/description/.
   Google Scholar
• Denning, A. S., Collatz, G. J., Zhang, C., Randall, D. A., Berry, J. A. and co-authors.1996. Simulations of terrestrial carbon metabolism and atmospheric CO2 in a general circulation model. Part 1: surface carbon fluxes. Tellus 48B, 521–542.
   Google Scholar
• Denning, A. S., Holzer, M., Gurney, K. R., Heimann, M., Law, R. M. and co-authors.1999. Three-dimensional transport and concentration of SF6-A model intercomparison study (TransCom 2). Tellus Ser. B, 51, 266–297.
   Google Scholar
• Douglass, A. R., Schoeberl, M. R., Rood, R. B. and Pawson, S. 2003. Evaluation of transport in the lower tropical stratosphere in a global chemistry and transport model J. Geophys. Res. 108 (09), 4259, 10.1029/2002JD002696.
   Google Scholar
• Eneroth, K., Kjellström, E. and Holmen, H. 2003a. A trajectory clima-tology for Svalbard investigating how atmospheric flow patterns influ-ence observed tracers concentrations. Phys. Chem. Earth 28, 1191–1203.
   Google Scholar
• Eneroth, K., Kjellstrom, E. and Holmen K. 2003b. Interannual and sea-sonal variations in transport to a measuring site in western Siberia and their impact on the observed atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio. J. Geophys. Res. 108 (021), 4660.
   Google Scholar
• Engelen, R., Denning, A. S., Gurney, K. R. and TransCom3 modelers.2002. On error estimation in atmospheric CO2 inversions. J. Geophys. Res. 107 (D224635), 10.1029/2002JD002195.
   Google Scholar
• Fan, S., Gloor, M., Mahlman, J., Pacala, S., Sarmiento, J. and co-authors.1998. A large terrestrial carbon sink in North America implied by atmospheric and oceanic carbon dioxide data and models. Science 282,442–446.
   Google Scholar
• Gerbig, C., Lin, J. C., Wofsy, S. C., Daube, B. C., Andrews, A. E. and co-authors.2003. Toward constraining regional-scale fluxes of CO2 with atmospheric observations over a continent. 1: observed spatial variability from airborne platforms. J. Geophys. Res. 108 (024), 4756.
   Google Scholar
• Gilliland, A. B. and Hartley, D. E. 1998. Interhemispheric transport and the role of convective parameterizations. J. Geophys. Res. 103 (017), 22 039-22 046.
   Google Scholar
• Gurney, K. R., Law, R. M., Denning, A. S., Rayner, P. J., Baker, D. and co-authors.2002. Towards robust regional estimates of CO2 sources and sinks using atmospheric transport models. Nature 415, 626–630.
   Google Scholar
• Gurney, K. R., Law, R. M., Denning, A. S., Rayner, P. J., Baker, D. and co-authors.2003. TransCom 3 CO2 inversion intercomparison. 1: annual mean control results and sensitivity to transport and prior flux information. Tellus 55B, 555–579.
   Google Scholar
• Gurney, K. R., Law, R. M., Denning, A. S., Rayner, P. J., Pak, B. C. and co-authors.2004. Transcom 3 inversion intercomparison: model mean
   Google Scholar
• results for the estimation of seasonal carbon sources and sinks. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 18, GB1010,10.1029/2003GB002111.
   Google Scholar
• Hack, J. J. 1994. Parameterization of moist convection in the National Center for Atmospheric Research community climate model (CCM2). J. Geophys. Res. 99, 5551–5568.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2001. Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report: Third Assessment Report of the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Kawa, S. R., Erickson BI, D. J., Pawson, S. and Zhu, Z.2004. Global CO2 transport simulations using meteorological data from the NASA data assimilation system. J. Geophys. Res. 109 (D18312), 10.1029/2004JDO04554.
   Google Scholar
• Law, R. M., Rayner, P. J., Denning, A. S., Erickson, D., Fung, I. Y. and co-authors.1996. Variations in modeled atmospheric transport of carbon dioxide and the consequences for CO2 inversions. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 10, 783–796.
   Google Scholar
• Li, Q. B., Jiang, J. H., Wu, D. L., Read, W. G., Livesey, N. J. and co-authors.2005. Convective outflow of South Asian pollution: a global CTM simulation compared with EOS MLS observations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32(L14826).
   Google Scholar
• Lin, S. and Rood, R. B. 1996. Multidimensional flux-form semi-Lagrangian transport schemes. Mon. Weather Rev. 124, 2046–2070.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahowald, N. M., Rasch, P. J. and Prinn, R. G. 1995. Cumulus parame-terizations in chemical transport models. J. Geophys. Res. 100 (D12), 26 173-26 189.
   Google Scholar
• Malcsyutov, S., Machida, T., Mulcai, H., Patra, P. K, Nalcazawa, T. and TransCom 3 modelers.2003. Effect of recent observations on Asian CO2 flux estimates by transport model inversions. Tellus 55B, 522–529.
   Google Scholar
• Millet, D. B., Jacob, D. J., Turquety, S., Hudman, R. C., Wu, S. and co-authors. 2006. Formaldehyde distribution over North America: impli-cations for satellite retrievals of formaldehyde columns and isoprene emission. J. Geophys. Res., in press.
   Google Scholar
• Murayama, S., Taguchi, S. and Higuchi, K. 2004. Internannual varia-tion in the atmospheric CO2 growth rate: role of atmospheric trans-port in the Northern Hemisphere. J. Geophys. Res. 109(D02305), 10.1029/2003JD003729.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olivie, D. J. L., van Velthoven, P. F. J., Beljaars, A. C. M. and Kelder, H. M. 2004. Comparison between archived and off-line diagnosed con-vection mass fluxes in the chemistry transport model TM3. J. Geophys. Res. 109 (D11303), 10.1029/2003JD004036.
   Google Scholar
• Olsen, S. C. and Randerson, J. T. 2004. Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO2 and implications for carbon cycle research. J. Geophy. Res. 109(D02301), 10.1029/2003JD003968.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer, P. I., Jacob, D. J., Jones, D. B. A., Heald, C. L., Yantosca, R. M. and co-authors.2003. Inverting for emissions of carbon monox-ide from Asia using aircraft observations over the western Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. 108 (D21), 8828, 10.1029/2003JD003397. Randerson, J. T., Thompson, M. V, Conway, T. J., Fung, I. Y. and Field, C. B.1997. The contribution of terrestrial sources and sinks to trends in the seasonal cycle of atmospheric carbon dioxide. GlobalBiogeochem. Cycles 11, 535–560.
   Google Scholar
• Randerson, J. T., van der Werf, G. R., Collatz, G. J., Giglio, L., Still, C. J. and co-authors.2005. Fire emissions from C3 and C4 vegetation and their influence on interannual variability of atmospheric CO2 and d13CO2. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 19 (Art. no. GB2019).
   Google Scholar
• Rannilc, U., Aubinet, A., Kurbanmuradov, O., Sabelfeld, K. K., Marklca-nen, T. and co-authors.2000. Footprint analysis for measurements over a heterogeneous forest. Boundary Layer MeteoroL 97, 137–166. Suntharalingam, P., Randerson, J. T., Krakauer, N., Jacob, D. J. and Logan, J. A. 2005. The influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO2: implica-tions for inversion analyses. Global Biogeochem. cycles 19(GB4003), 10.1029/2005GB002466.
   Google Scholar
• Takahashi, T., Sutherland, S. C., Sweeney, C., Poisson, A., Metzl, N. and co-authors.2002. Global sea-air CO2 flux based on climatological surface ocean pCO2, and seasonal biological and temperature effects, Deep-Sea Res. 11 49, 1601–1622.
   Google Scholar
• Tans, P. P., Fung, I. Y. and Takahashi, T. 1990. Observational constraints on the global atmospheric CO2 budget. Science 247, 1431–1438. Van der Werf, G. R., Randerson, J. T., Collatz, G. J. and Giglio, L. 2003. Carbon emissions from fires in tropical and subtropical ecosystems. Global Change Biol. 9, 547–562.
   Google Scholar
• Van der Werf, G. R., Randerson, J. T., Collatz, G. J., Giglio, L., Kasibhatla, P. S. and co-authors. Continental-scale partitioning of fire emissions during the 1997-2001 El Nino/La Nino period. Science 303,73–76.
   Google Scholar
• Yi, C., Davis, K. J., Bakwin, P. S., Denning, A. S., Zhang, N. and co-authors.2004. Observed covariance between ecosystem carbon exchange and atmospheric boundary layer dynamics at a site in northern Wisconsin. J. Geophys. Res. 109 (D08302), 10.1029/2003JDO04164.
   Google Scholar
• Zender, C. S., Bian, H. and Newman, D. 2003. The mineral dust en-trainment and deposition (DEAD) model: description and global dust distribution J. Geophys. Res. 108, 4416.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, G. J. and McFarlane, N. A. 1995. Sensitivity of climate simu-lations to the parameterization of cumulus convection in the Cana-dian climate center general-circulation model. Atmos. Ocean 33, 407–446.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar