Annual and interannual variation in boreal forest aerosol particle number and volume concentration and their connection to particle formation

References

• Aalto, P., Hämeri, K., Becker, E., Weber, R., Salm, J. and co-authors. 2001. Physical characterization of aerosol particles during nucleation events. Tellus 53B, 344-358.
   Google Scholar
• Albrecht, B. 1989. Aerosols, cloud microphysics and fractional cloudi-ness. Science 245, 1227–1230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreae, M. 0. 2007a. Atmospheric aerosols versus greenhouse gases in the twenty-first century. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. A: Math., Phys. Eng. Sci. 365 (1856), 1915–1923
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreae, M. 0. 2007b. Aerosols before pollution. Science 315, 50–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berglen, T. F., Myhre, G., Isaksen, I. S. A., Vestreng, V. and Smith, S. J. 2007. Sulphate trends in Europe: are we able to model the recent observed decrease? Tellus 59B, 773–786.
   Google Scholar
• Birmili, W., Wiedensohler, A., Heintzenberg, J. and Lehmann, K. 2001. Atmospheric particle number size distribution in central Europe: sta-tistical relations to air masses and meteorology. J. Geophys. Res At-mos. 106(D23), 32005–32018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dal Maso, M., Kulmala, M., Riipinen, I., Wagner, R., Hussein, T. and co-authors. 2005. Formation and growth of fresh atmospheric aerosols: eight years of aerosol size distribution data from SMEAR II, Hyytiälä. Finland Boreal Environ. Res. 10, 323-336.
   Google Scholar
• Dal Maso, M., Sogacheva, L., Aalto, P. P., Riipinen, I., Komppula, M. and co-authors. 2007. Aerosol size distribution measurements at four Nordic field stations: identification, analysis and trajectory analysis of new particle formation bursts. Tellus 59B, 350-361.
   Google Scholar
• Engler, C., Lihavainen, H., Komppula, M., Kerminen, V.-M., Kulmala, M. and co-authors. 2007. Continuous measurements of aerosol prop-erties at the Baltic Sea. Tellus 59B, 728-741.
   Google Scholar
• Garrett, T. J Radke, L . E and Hobbs, P. V. 2002. Aerosol effects on cloud emissivity and surface longwave heating in the arctic. J. Atmos. Sci. 59,769-778.
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg, M. S., Burnett, R. T., Bailar, J. C., , Brook, J., Bonvalot, Y. and co-authors. 2001. The association between daily mortality and ambient air particle pollution in Montreal, Quebec. 2. cause-specific mortality. Environ. Res. 86, 26-36.
   Google Scholar
• Hari, P., Kulmala, M., Pohja, T., Lahti, T., Siivola, E. and co-authors. 1994. Air pollution in Eastern Lapland: challenge for an environmen-tal measurement station. Silva Fennica. 29-39.
   Google Scholar
• Hari, P. and Kulmala, M. 2005. Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR II). Boreal Environ. Res. 10, 315–322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hataklca, J., Aalto, T., Aaltonen, V., Aurela, M., Hakola H. and co-authors. 2003. Overview of the atmospheric research activities and results at Pallas GAWstation. Boreal Environ. Res. 8 (4), 365-384.
   Google Scholar
• Hyvärinen, A.-P., Komppula, M., Engler, C., Kivelcds, N., Kerminen, V.-M. and co-authors. 2008. Atmospheric new particle formation at Utii, Baltic Sea 2003-2005. Tellus B, in press.
   Google Scholar
• Hyviinen, S., Junninen, H., Laakso, L., Dal Maso, M., Grönholm, T. and co-authors. 2005. A look at aerosol formation using data mining techniques. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 5, 3345-3356.
   Google Scholar
• IPCC. 2007. Summary for policymakers. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group Ito the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds S. Solomon, D. M. Qin, Z. Manning, M. Chen, K. B. Marquis, M. T. Averyt and H. L. Miller). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Kerminen, V.-M., Lihavainen, H., Komppula, M., Viisanen, Y., Kulmala, M. 2005. Direct observational evidence linking atmospheric aerosol formation and cloud droplet activation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L14803, 10.1029/2005GL023130.
   Google Scholar
• Komppula, M., Dal Maso, M., Lihavainen, H., Aalto, P. P., Kulmala, M. and co-authors. 2003. Comparison of new particle formation events at two locations in northern Finland. Boreal Environ. Res. 8, 395-404. Kulmala M., Rannilc, e., Pirjola, L., Dal Maso, M., Karimalci, J. and co-authors. 2000. Characterization of atmospheric trace gas and aerosol concentrations at forest sites in southern and northern Finland using back trajectories. Boreal Environ. Res. 5, 315-336.
   Google Scholar
• Kulmala, M., Dal Maso, M., Mäkelä, J. M., Pirjola, L., Väkevä, M. and co-authors. 2001. On the formation, growth and composition of nucleation mode particles. Tellus B 53,479-490.
   Google Scholar
• Kurten, T., Kulmala, M., Dal Maso, M., Suni, T., Reissell, A. and co-authors. 2003. Estimation of different forest-related contributions to the radiative balance using observations in southern Finland. Boreal Environ. Res. 8, 275-285.
   Google Scholar
• Laalcso, L., Hussein, T., Aarnio, P., Komppula, M., Hiltunen, V. and co-authors. 2003. Diurnal and annual characteristics of particle mass and number concentrations in urban, rural and Arctic environments in Finland. Atmos. Environ. 37(9), 2629-2641.
   Google Scholar
• Law, K. S. and Stohl, A. 2007. Arctic air pollution: origins and impacts. Science 315 (5818), 1537–1540.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehtinen, K. E. J., Korhonen, H., Dal Maso M . and Kulmala, M. 2003. On the concept of condensation sink diameter. Boreal Environ. Res. 8,405-411.
   Google Scholar
• Lehtinen, K. E. J., Dal Maso, M., Kulmala, M. and Kerminen, V.-M. 2007. Estimating nucleation rates from apparent particle formation rates and vice versa: Revised formulation of the Kerminen-Kulmala equation. J. Aerosol Sci. 38, 988-994.
   Google Scholar
• Lihavainen, H., Kerminen, V.-M., Komppula, M., Hatalcica, J., Aaltonen, V. and co-authors. 2003. Production of “potential” cloud condensation nuclei associated with atmospheric new-particle formation in northern Finland. J. Geophys. Res. 108(D24), 4782.
   Google Scholar
• Mäkelä, J. M., Aalto, P., Jolcinen, V., Pohja, T., Nissinen, A. and co-authors. 1997. Observations of ultrafine aerosol particle formationand growth in boreal forest. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 1219-1222.
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson E. D. and Kulmala, M. 2006. Aerosol formation over the Boreal forest in Hyytiald, Finland: monthly frequency and annual cycles—the roles of air mass characteristics and synoptic scale meteorology. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 6,10425–10462.
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson E. D., Paatero J. and Boy, M. 2001. Effect of air masses and synoptic weather on aerosol formation in the continental boundary layer. Tellus 53B, 462-478.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma, S., Andrews, E., Barrie, L. A., Ogren, J. A. and Lavoue, D. 2006. Pan-Arctic enhancements of light absorbing aerosol concentrations due to North American boreal forest fires during summer 2004. J. Geophys. Res. 111, 10.1029/2005JDO06581.
   Google Scholar
• Sheridan P. J., Delene, D. J. and Ogren, J. A. 2001. Four years of contin-uous surface aerosol measurements from the Department of energy's atmospheric radiation measurement program southern great plains cloud and radiation testbed site. J Geophys. Res. Atmos. 106(D18), 20735-20747.
   Google Scholar
• Slaughter, J. C., Lumley, T., Sheppard, L., Koenig, J. Q. and Shapiro, G. G. 2003. Effects of ambient air pollution on symptom severity ond medication use in children with asthma. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 91, 346–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spracklen, D. V., Carslaw, K. S., Kulmala, M., Kerminen, V.-M., Mann, G. W. and co-authors. 2006. The contribution of boundary layer nu-cleation events to total particle concentrations on regional and global scales. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6, 5631-5648.
   Google Scholar
• Sogacheva, L., Saulckonen, L., Nilsson, E. D., Dal Maso, M., Schultz, D. M. and co-authors. 2008. New aerosol particle formation in differ-ent synoptic situations at Hyytiäld, Southern Finland. Tellus B, 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00364.x.
   Google Scholar
• Stolzenburg, M. R. 1988. An ultrafine aerosol size distribution measuring system. PhD Thesis, University of minnesota, minneapolis MN, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Strom, J., Umegard, J., Torseth, K., Tunved, R, Hansson, H.-C. and co-authors. 2003. One year of particle size distribution and aerosol chemical composition measurements at the Zeppelin Station, Sval-bard, March 2000-March 2001. Phys. Chem. Earth 28, 1181-1190.
   Google Scholar
• Tunved, P., Hansson, H.-C., Kulmala, M., Aalto, P., Viisanen, Y . and co-authors. 2003. One year boundary layer aerosol size distribution data from five nordic background stations. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 3, 2183-2205.
   Google Scholar
• Tunved, R, Nilsson, E. D., Hansson, H.-C., Strom, J., Kulmala, M. and co-authors. 2005. Aerosol characteristics of air masses in northern Eu-rope: Influences of location, transport, sinks, and sources. J. Geophys. Res. 110, D07201, 10.1029/2004JD005085.
   Google Scholar
• Tunved, P., Hansson, H.-C., Kerminen, V.-M., Strom, J., Dal Maso, M. and co-authors. 2006a. High natural aerosol loading over boreal forests. Science 312 (5771), 261-263.
   Google Scholar
• Tunved, P., Korhonen, H., Strom, J., Hansson, H.-C., Lehtinen, K. E. J. and co-authors. 2006b. Is nucleation capable of explaining ob-served aerosol integral number increase during southerly transport over Scandinavia? Tellus 58B, 129-140
   Google Scholar
• Twomey, S. 1991. Aerosols, clouds and radiation. Atmos. Environ. 25A, 2435–2442.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiedensohler, A. 1988. An approximation of the bipolarcharge distri-bution for the particles in the submicron size range. J. Aerosol. Sci. 19, 387–389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar