59
Views
18
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The anthropogenic influence on carbonaceous aerosol in the European background

, , , , &
Pages 464-472 | Received 15 Jan 2008, Accepted 28 Aug 2008, Published online: 18 Jan 2017

References

  • Bench, G. 2004. Measurement of contemporary and fossil carbon con-tents of PM2.5 aerosols: results from Turtleback Dome, Yosemite National Park. Environ. Sci. Tech. 38, 2424–2427.
  • Bond, T. C., Streets, D. G., Yarber, K. F., Nelson, S. M., Woo, J.-H. and co-authors. 2004. A technology-based global inventory of black and organic carbon emissions from combustion. J. Geophys. Res. 109, 2003JD003697.
  • Carcaillet, C., Almquist, H., Asnong, H., Bradshaw, R. H. W., Carrion, J. S., and co-authors. 2002. Holocene biomass burning and global dynamics of the carbon cycle. Chemosphere 49, 845–863.
  • Currie, L. A., Klouda, G. A., Continetti, R. E., Kaplan, I. R., Wong, W. W., and co-authors. 1983. On the origin of carbonaceous parti-cles in American cities: results of radiocarbon “dating” and chemical characterization. Radiocarbon 25, 603–614.
  • Currie, L. A., Fletcher, R. A. and Klouda, G. A. 1989. Source ap-portionment of individual carbonaceous particles using 4C and laser microprobe mass spectrometry. Aerosol Sci. Tech. 10, 370–378.
  • Eagerli, H., Legrand, M., Preunkert, S., Simpson, D., Vestreng, V. and co-authors. 2007. Modeling historical long-term trends of sulfate, ammonium, and elemental carbon over Europe: a comparison with ice core records in the Alps. J. Geophys. Res. 112, 2006JD008044.
  • Fischer, H., Wagenbach, D. and Kipfstuhl, J. 1998. Sulfate and nitrate firn concentrations on the Greenland ice sheet, 2: temporal anthropogenic deposition changes. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 1998J D01886.
  • Gelencser, A., May, B., Simpson, D., Sänchez-Ochoa, A., Caseiro, A., and 2007. Source apportionment of PM2.5 organic aerosol over Europe: primary/secondary, natural/anthropogenic, fossil/biogenic origin. J. Geophys. Res. 112, 2006JD008094.
  • Hammer, S., Wagenbach, D., Preunkert, S., Pio, C., Schlosser, C., and co-authors. 2007. 210Pb observations within CARBOSOL: a diag-nostic tool for assessing the spatio-temporal variability of related chemical aerosol species?. J. Geophys. Res. 112, 2006JD008065.
  • Hildemann, L. M., Klinedinst, D. B., Klouda, G. A., Currie, L. A. and Cass, G. R. 1994. Sources of urban contemporary carbon aerosol. Environ. Sci. Tech. 28, 1565–1576.
  • Jenk, T. M., Szidat, S., Schwikowski, M., Gäggler, H. W., Briitsch, S., and co-authors. 2006. Radiocarbon analysis in an Alpine ice core: record of anthropogenic and biogenic contributions to carbona-ceous aerosols in the past (1650-1940). Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6,5381–5390.
  • Kanalcidou, M., Tsigaridis, K., Dentener, F. J. and Crutzen, P. J. 2000. Human-activity-enhanced formation of organic aerosols by biogenic hydrocarbon oxidation. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 1999JD901148.
  • Klinedinst, D. B. and Currie, L. A. 1999. Direct quantification of PM2.5 fossil and biomass carbon within the Northern Front Range Air Qual-ity study's domain. Environ. Sci. Tech. 33, 4146–4154.
  • Legrand, M. and Puxbaum, H. 2007. Summary of the CARBOSOL project: Present and retrospective state of organic versus inorganic aerosol over Europe. J. Geophys. Res. 112 (D23), 2006JD008271.
  • Legrand, M., Preunkert, S., Schock, M., Cerqueira, M., Kasper-Giebl, A., and co-authors. 2007. Major 20th century changes of organic carbonaceous aerosol components (EC, Win0C, DOC, HULIS, car-boxylic acids, and cellulose) derived from Alpine ice cores. J. Geo-phys. Res. 112, 2006JD008080.
  • Lemire, K. R., Allen, D. T., Klouda, G. A. and Lewis, C. W. 2002. Fine particulated matter source attribution for Southeast Texas using 14c/i2C ratios. J. Geophys. Res. 107(D22) 2002JD002339.
  • Levin, I. and Kromer, B. 2004. The Tropospheric 14CO2 level in Mid-Latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (1959-2003). Radiocarbon 46, 1261–1272.
  • Lewis, C. W., Klouda, G. A. and Ellenson, W. D. 2004. Radiocarbon measurement of biogenic contribution to summertime PM-2.5 ambi-ent aerosol in Nashville, TN. Atmos. Environ. 38, 6053–6061. Limbeck, A., Kulmala, M. and Puxbaum, H. 2003. Secondary organic aerosol formation in the atmosphere via heterogeneous reaction of gaseous isoprene on acidic particles. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30 (19), 2003GL017738.
  • Liousse, C., Penner, J. E., Chuang, C., Walton, J. J., Eddleman, H., and co-authors. 1996. A global three-dimensional model study of carbonaceous aerosols. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 95JD03426.
  • Pio, C., Legrand, M., Oliveira, T., Afonso, J., Santos, C., and co-authors. 2007. Climatology of aerosol composition (organic versus inorganic) at non-urban areas on a West-East transect across Europe. J. Geophys. Res. 112, 2006JD008038.
  • Puxbaum, H., Caseiro, A. Sánchez-Ochoa, A., Kasper-Giebl, A., Claeys, M., and co-authors. 2007. Levoglucosan levels at background sites in Europe for assessing the impact of biomass combustion on the European aerosol background. J. Geophys. Res. 112, 2006JDO08114. Ramanathan, V, Crutzen, P. J., Kiehl, J. T. and Rosenfeld, D. 2001. Aerosols, Climate and the Hydrological Cycle. Science 294, 2119–2124.
  • Schichtel, B. A., Malm, W. C., Bench, G., Fallon, S., McDade, C. E., and co-authors. 1999. Levoglucosan, a tracer for cellulose in biomass burning and atmospheric particles. Atmos. Environ. 33, 173–182. Simoneit, B. R. T., Schauer, J. J., Nolte, C. G., Oros, D. R., Elias, V. 0., and co-authors. 1999. Levoglucosan, a tracer for cellulose in biomass burning and atmospheric particles. Atmos. Environ. 33, 173–182. Steier, R, Drosg, R., Fedi, M., Kutschera, W., Schock, M., and co-authors. 2006. Radiocarbon determination of particulate organic car-bon in glacier ice from the Grenzgletscher (Monte Rosa). Radiocarbon 48, 69–82.
  • Stocks, B. J., Mason, J. A., Todd, J. B., Bosch, E. M., Wotton, B. M., and co-authors. 2003. Large forest fires in Canada, 1959-1997. J. Geophys. Res. 108, 2001JD000484.
  • Stuiver, M. and Polach, A. 1977. Reporting of 14C data. Radiocarbon 19, 355–363.
  • Szidat, S., Jenk, T. M., Gäggler, H. W., Synal, H.-A., Fisseha, R., and co-authors. 2004a. Radiocarbon-deduced biogenic and anthropogenic contributions to organic carbon (OC) of urban aerosols from Zurich, Switzerland. Atmos. Environ. 38, 4035–4044.
  • Szidat, S., Jenk, T. M., Gäggler, H. W., Synal, H.-A., Fisseha, R., and co-authors. 2004b. Source apportoinment of aerosols by 14C mea-surements in different carbonaceous particle fractions. Radiocarbon 46(1), 475–484.
  • Szidat, S., Jenk, T. M., Synal, H.-A., Kalberer, K., Wacker, L., and co-authors. 2006. Contributions of fossil fuel, biomass-burning, and biogenic emissions to carbonaceous aerosols in Zurich as traced by 14C. J. Geophys. Res. 111 (D7), 2005JD006590.
  • Szidat, S., Prevot, A. S. H., Sandradewi, J., Alfarra, M. R., Synal, H.-A., and co-authors. 2007. Dominant impact of residential wood burning on particulate matter in Alpine valleys during winter. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34, 2006GL028325.
  • Tanner, R. L., Parkhurst, W. J. and McNichol, A. P. 2004. Fossil sources of ambient aerosol carbon based on 14C measurements. Aerosol Sci. Tech. 38, 133–139.
  • Tsigaridis, K., Krol, M., Dentener, E J., Ballcanski, Y., Lathiere, J., and co-authors. 2006. Change in global aerosol composition since preindustrial times. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6, 5143–5162.
  • Vestreng, V, Myhre, G., Eagerli, H., Reis, S. and Tarrasón, L. 2007. Twenty-five years of continuous sulphur dioxide emission reduction in Europe. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7,3663–3681.
  • Ward, T. J., Rinehart, L. R. and Lange, T. 2006. The 2003/2004 Libby, Montana PM2.5 source apportionment research study. Aerosol Sci. Tech. 40(3), 166–177.
  • Zencalc, Z., Elmquist M. and Gustafsson, O. 2007. Quantification and radiocarbon source apportoinment of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols using the CT0-375 method. Atmos. Environ. 41, 7895–7906.
  • Yalcin, K. and Wake, C. P. 2002. Anthropogenic signals recorded in an ice core from Eclipse Icefield, Yukon Territory, Canada. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28,4487–4490.