Community Gardens and Politics of Scale in New York CityFootnote^*

* The authors would like to thank Katherine Hankins, Robert Yarbrough, Joshua Inwood, and three anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier drafts of this article.

References

• Abu‐lughod, J. L. 1999. New York, Chicago, Los Angeles: Americas Global Cities. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• ACGA [American Community Gardening Association]. 1999. Community garden listserv archives. [http:www.hort.netlistscommunity_garden].
   Google Scholar
• Blair, D., C. Giesecke, and S. Sherman. 1991. A Dietary, Social and Economic Evaluation of the Philadelphia Urban Gardening Project. Journal of Nutrition Education 23 (4): 161–167.
   Google Scholar
• Council on the Environment in New York City. 1999. Untitled fact sheet in the files of Christopher Smith.
   Google Scholar
• Cox, K. R. 1998. Spaces of Dependence, Spaces of Engagement and the Politics of Scale, or: Looking for Local Politics. Political Geography 17 (1): 1–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox, K. R., and A. Mair. 1988. Locality and Community in the Politics of Local Economic Development. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 78 (2): 307–325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delaney, D., and H. Leitner. 1997. The Political Construction of Scale. Political Geography 16 (2): 93–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Englander, D. 2001. New York's Community Gardens: A Resource at Risk. [http:www.tpl.org].
   Google Scholar
• Ferguson, S. 1999. A Brief History of Grassroots Greening in NYC. [http:www.newvillage.net].
   Google Scholar
• Ferrer, F. 1998. Letter to Richard Roberts. 8 May. Green Guerilla Archives, Offices of Green Guerillas, New York City.
   Google Scholar
• Fincher, R., and R. Panelli. 2001. Making Space: Women's Urban and Rural Activism and the Australian State. Gender, Place, and Culture 8 (2): 129–148.
   Google Scholar
• Francis, M. 1989. The Urban Garden as Public Space. Places 6 (1): 52–59.
   Google Scholar
• Goldsmith, W. W., and L. A. Randolph. 1993. Ghetto Economic Development. In Theories of Local Economic Development, Edited by R. D. Bingham and R. Mier, 100–122. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Green Guerillas. 1999a. City of New York to Community Gardeners: Get Ready to Lose Your Gardens to the Highest Bidders. Vitis Vine, special edition, winter, 1.
   Google Scholar
• Green Guerillas. 1999b. Community Gardens Saved from City Auction: Judge Orders City to Remove All 112 City‐Owned Lots from List of Properties to be Sold Tomorrow. Green Guerillas Press Release, 12 May.
   Google Scholar
• Green Thumb. 2002. Green Thumb Web site. [http:www.greenthumbnyc.org].
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, M. 1999. Testimony to the New York City Council Cultural Affairs Committee. Green Guerilla Archives, Offices of Green Guerillas, New York City.
   Google Scholar
• Herod, A. 1991. The Production of Scale in United States Labour Relations. Area 23 (1): 82–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herod, A. 2001. Labor Internationalism and the Contradictions of Globalization: Or, Why the Local Is Sometimes Still Important in a Global Economy. Antipode 33 (3): 407–426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herod, A., and M. Wright. 2002. Placing Scale: An Introduction. In Geographies of Power: Placing Scale, Edited by A. Herod and M. Wright, 1–17. Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Honigman, A. 1999. Necrology of New York City Community Gardens. E‐mail message to the ACGA listserv. [http:www.hort.netlistscommunity_garden].
   Google Scholar
• Honigman, A. 2001. Interview with Christopher Smith. New York City, 16 May.
   Google Scholar
• Hynes, H. P. 1996. A Patch of Eden: America's Inner City Gardeners. White River Junction, Vt.: Chelsea Green Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston, R., D. Gregory, G. Pratt, and M. Watts, eds. 2000. The Dictionary of Human Geography 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Jonas, A. 1994. The Scale Politics of Spatiality. Environment and Planning D: Society & Space 12 (3): 257–264.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurtz, H. E. 2001. Differentiating Multiple Meanings of Garden and Community. Urban Geography 22 (7): 656–670.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurtz, H. E. 2002. The Politics of Environmental Justice as a Politics of Scale. In Geographies of Power: Placing Scale, Edited by A. Herod and M. Wright, 249–273. Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Leitner, H. 1997. Reconfiguring the Spatiality of Power: The Construction of a Supranational Migration Framework for the European Union. Political Geography 16 (2): 123–143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Librizzi, L. 2001. Interview with Christopher Smith. New York City, 26 October.
   Google Scholar
• Logan, J. R., and H. L. Molotch. 1996. The City as a Growth Machine. In Readings in Urban Theory, Edited by S. Fainstein and S. Campbell, 291–337. Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Malakoff, D. 1995. What Good Is Community Greening? Philadelphia: American Community Gardening Association.
   Google Scholar
• Marston, S. 2000. The Social Construction of Scale. Progress in Human Geography 24 (2): 219–242.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mccann, E. J. 2002. The Cultural Politics of Local Economic Development: Meaning‐Making, Place‐Making, and the Urban Policy Process. Geoforum 33 (3): 385–398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merrett, C. 2001. Understanding Local Responses to Globalisation: The Production of Geographical Scale and Political Identity. National Identities 3 (1): 69–87.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, B. 1997. Political Action and the Geography of Defense Investment: Geographical Scale and the Representation of the Massachusetts Miracle. Political Geography 16 (2): 171–185.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, D. 1997. The Annihilation of Space by Law: The Roots and Implications of Anti‐Homeless Laws in the United States. Antipode 29 (3): 303–335.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• More Gardens! Coalition. 2002. Confidential interview with Christopher Smith. New York City, 26 February.
   Google Scholar
• Nemore, C. 1998. Rooted in Community: Community Gardens in New York City, A Report to the New York State Senate. New York Senate Minority Office. 14 April.
   Google Scholar
• New York City Department of City Planning. 2003. BYTES of the BIG APPLETM; Administrative and Political Districts. [http:www.ci.nyc.ny.ushtmldcphtmlbytesapplbyte.html].
   Google Scholar
• Payne, K., D. Fryman, and D. Boekelheide. 2001. Cultivating Community: Principles and Practices for Community Gardening as a Community‐Building Tool. Philadelphia: American Community Gardening Association.
   Google Scholar
• Peck, J., and A. Tickell. 2002. Neoliberalizing Space. Antipode 34 (3): 380–404.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preston, P. W. 1996. Development Theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Raver, A. 1999. City Rejects $2 Million Offer for Gardens. New York Times, 23 April, §B, 3.
   Google Scholar
• Schmelzkopf, K. 1995. Urban Community Gardens as a Contested Space. Geographical Review 85 (3): 364–380.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmelzkopf, K. 2002. Incommensurability, Land Use, and the Right to Space: Community Gardens in New York City. Urban Geography 23 (4): 323–343.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schukoske, J. E. 2000. Community Development through Gardening: State and Local Policies Transforming Urban Open Space. Legislation and Public Policy 3: 351–392.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, N. 1984. Uneven Development: Nature, Capital, and the Production of Space. Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• 1996. The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• 1998. Giuliani Time: The Revanchist 1990s. Social Text No. 57 [16 (4)]: 1–20.
   Google Scholar
• Stone, E. 2000. Community Gardening in New York City Becomes a Political Movement. Paper presented at Perspectives of Small‐Scale Farming in Urban and Rural Areas: About the Social and Ecological Necessity of Gardens and Informal Agriculture, Berlin, Germany, 22 July. [http:userpage.fu‐berlin.de~gartenBuchStoneenglisch.htm].
   Google Scholar
• Swyngedouw, E. 1997a. Excluding the Other: The Production of Scale and Scaled Politics. In Geographies of Economies, Edited by R. Lee and J. Wills, 167–176. London: Arnold.
   Google Scholar
• Swyngedouw, E. 1997b. Neither Global nor Local: “Glocalization” and the Politics of Scale. In Spaces of Globalization: Reasserting the Power of the Local, Edited by K. Cox, 137–166. New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Touraine, A. 2001. Beyond Neoliberalism. Translated by D. Macey. Malden, Mass.: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Towers, G. 2000. Applying the Political Geography of Scale: Grassroots Strategies and Environmental Justice. Professional Geographer 52 (1): 23–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar