Bracken Fern Invasion in Southern Yucatán: a Case for Land‐Change ScienceFootnote^*

* This research was supported by the Land‐Use and Land‐Cover Change Program of the National Aeronautic and Space Administration through Southern YucatÁn Peninsular Region grants NAG 56406 and NAG 511134 and by the sustained support of the Center for Integrated Studies on the Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change, Carnegie Mellon University (National Science Foundation NSF‐SBR 95–21914). My thanks to an anonymous reviewer, to Billie L. Turner, and to Mazen Labban for their comments on the manuscript.

References

• Achard, F., H. Eva, A. Glinni, P. Mayaux, T. Richards, and H. J. Stibig. 1998. Identification of Deforestation Hot Spot Areas in the Humid Tropics. Trees Publication Series B, Research Report No. 4. Space Application Institute, Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit. Joint Research Centre. Brussels: European Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper‐driver, G. 1990. Defense Strategies in Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 77 (2): 281–286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'antonio, C. M., and S. Kark. 2002. Impacts and Extent of Biotic Invasions in Terrestrial Ecosystems. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 17 (5): 202–204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elton, C. S. 1958. The Ecology and Invasions by Animals and Plants. London: Methuen.
   Google Scholar
• Fletcher, W. W., and R. C. Kirkwood. 1979. The Bracken Fern (Pteridium aquilinum L. (Kuhn)): Its Biology and Control. In The Experimental Biology of Ferns, edited by A. F. Dyer, 591–635. London: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Foster D. R., and B. L. Turner II. 2004. The Long View: Human‐Environment Relationships, 1000 BC‐AD 1900. In Integrated Land‐Change Science and Tropical Deforestation in the Southern Yucatán: Final Frontiers, edited by B. L. Turner II, J. Geoghegan, and D. R. Foster, 23–37. Oxford: Clarendon Press of Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gliessman, S. R. 1976. Allelopathy in a Broad Spectrum of Environments as Illustrated by Bracken. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 73: 95–104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobbs, R. J. 2000. Land‐Use Changes and Invasions. In Invasive Species in a Changing World, edited by H. A. Mooney and R. J. Hobbs, 55–64. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kaiser, J. 2001. Bold Corridor Project Confronts Political Reality. Science 293 (5539): 2196–2199.
   Google Scholar
• Kates, R. W., W. C. Clark, R. Corell, J. M. Hall, C. C. Jaeger, and others 2001. Sustainability Science. Science 292 (5517): 641–642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keys, E. 2004. Jalapeño Pepper Cultivation: Emergent Commercial Land Use. In Integrated Land‐Change Science and Tropical Deforestation in the Southern Yucatán: Final Frontiers, edited by B. L. Turner II, J. Geoghegan, and D. R. Foster, 207–220. Oxford: Clarendon Press of Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Klepeis, P. 2004. Forest Extraction to Theme Parks: The Modern History of Land Change. In Integrated Land‐Change Science and Tropical Deforestation in the Southern Yucatán: Final Frontiers, edited by B. L. Turner II, J. Geoghegan, and D. R. Foster, 39–59. Oxford: Clarendon Press of Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Klepeis, P., and B. L. Turner II. 2001. Integrated Land History and Global Change Science: The Example of the Southern Yucatán Peninsular Region Project. Land Use Policy 18 (1): 27–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klepeis, P., and C. Vance. 2003. Neoliberal Policy and Deforestation in Southeastern Mexico: An Assessment of the PROCAMPO Program. Economic Geography 79 (3): 221–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klepeis, P., C. Vance, E. Keys, P. Macario Mendoza, and B. L. Turner II. 2004. Subsistence Sustained: Swidden or Milpa Cultivation. In Integrated Land‐Change Science and Tropical Deforestation in the Southern Yucatán: Final Frontiers, edited by B. L. Turner II, J. Geoghegan, and D. R. Foster, 189–206. Oxford: Clarendon Press of Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Liverman, D., E. F. Moran, R. R. Rindfuss, and P. C. Stern, eds. 1998. People and Pixels: Linking Remote Sensing and Social Science. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lodge, D. M. 1993. Biological Invasions: Lessons for Ecology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 8 (4): 133–136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mooney, H. A., and R. J. Hobbs. 2000. Global Change and Invasive Species. In Invasive Species in a Changing World, edited by H. A. Mooney and R. J. Hobbs, 425–434. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
   Google Scholar
• Moran, E., D. Skole, and B. L. Turner II. 2004. The Development of the International Land‐Use and Land‐Cover Change (LUCC) Research Program and Its Links to NASA's Land‐Cover and Land‐Use Change (LCLUC) Initiative. In Land Change Science: Observing, Monitoring, and Understanding Trajectories of Change on the Earth's Surface, edited by G. Gutman, A. Janetos, C. Justice, E. Moran, J. Mustard, and others, 1–15. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Page, C. N. 1986. The Strategies of Bracken as Permanent Ecological Opportunist. In Bracken: Ecology, Land Use and Control Technology, edited by R. T. Smith and J. A. Taylor, 173–180. Carnforth, England: Parthenon Publishing Group.
   Google Scholar
• Pakeman, R. J., and R. H. Marrs. 1992. The Conservation Value of Bracken Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn‐Dominated Communities in the UK, and an Assessment of the Ecological Impact of Bracken Expansion or Its Removal. Biological Conservation 62 (2): 101–114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez‐salicrup, D. 2004. Forest Types and Their Implications. In Integrated Land‐Change Science and Tropical Deforestation in the Southern Yucatán: Final Frontiers, edited by B. L. Turner II, J. Geoghegan, and D. R. Foster, 63–80. Oxford: Clarendon Press of Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Primack, R. B., D. Bray, H. A. Galletti, and I. Ponciano, eds. 1998. Timber, Tourists, and Temples: Conservation and Development in the Maya Forests of Belize, Guatemala, and Mexico. Washington, D.C., Island Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rindfuss, R. R., S. Walsh, B. L. Turner II, J. Fox, and V. Mishra. 2004. Developing a Science of Land Change: Challenges and Methodological Issues. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101 (39): 13976–13981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowdhury, Roy R., and L. C. Schneider. 2004. Land‐Cover and Land‐Use: Classification and Change Analysis. In Integrated Land‐Change Science and Tropical Deforestation in the Southern Yucatán: Final Frontiers, edited by B. L. Turner II, J. Geoghegan, and D. R. Foster, 105–141. Oxford: Clarendon Press of Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rymer, L. 1976. The History and Ethnobotany of Bracken. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 73: 151–176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider, L. C. 2004. Understanding Bracken Fern (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) Invasion in the Southern Yucatán Peninsular Region through Integrated Land‐Change Science. Ph.D. diss., Clark University.
   Google Scholar
• Steffen, W., A. Sanderson, P. D. Tyson, J. Jäger, P. A. Matson, and others 2003. Global Change and the Earth System: A Planet under Pressure. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Suazo, I. 1998. Aspectos ecológicos de la especie invasora Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn en una selva húmeda de la región de Chajul, Chiapas, México. Master's thesis, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo.
   Google Scholar
• Sutherst, R. W. 2000. Climate Change and Invasive Species: A Conceptual Framework. In Invasive Species in a Changing world, edited by H. A. Mooney and R. J. Hobbs, 425–434. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, J. A. 1990. The Bracken Problem: A Global Perspective. In Bracken Biology and Management, edited by J. Thompson and R. T. Smith, 3–9. Sydney: Australian Institute of Agricultural Science.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, B. L., II. 1983. Once beneath the Forest: Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, B. L., II. 2003. Toward Integrated Land‐Change Science: Advances in 1–5 Decades of Sustained International Research on Land‐Use and Land‐Cover Change. In Challenges of a Changing Earth: Proceedings of the Global Change Open Science Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 10–13 July 2001, edited by W. Steffen, W. Jäger, D. J. Carson, and C. Bradshaw, 21–26. Berlin: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, B. L., II., and A. M. Shajaat Ali. 1996. Induced Intensification: Agricultural Change in Bangladesh with Implications for Malthus and Boserup. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 93: 14984–14991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, B. L., II, J. Geoghegan, and D. R. Foster, eds. 2004. Integrated Land‐Change Science and Tropical Deforestation in Southern Yucatán: Final Frontiers. Oxford: Clarendon Press of Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, B. L., II., P. Klepeis, and L. Schneider. 2003. Three Millennia in the Southern Yucatán Peninsular Region: Implications for Occupancy, Use, and “Carrying Capacity.” In The Lowland Maya Area: Three Millennia at the Human‐Wildland Interface. F. Allen, S. L. Fedick, and J. Jimenez‐osornio, 361–387. Binghamton, N.Y.: Food Products Press, an imprint of Haworth Press.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, B. L., S. Cortina Villar, D. Foster, J. Geoghegan, E. Keys, and others 2001. Deforestation in the Southern Yucatán Peninsular Region: An Integrative Approach. Forest Ecology and Management 154 (3): 343–370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, B. L., II., R. E. Kasperson, P. A. Matson, J. M. Mccarthy, R. W. Corell, and others 2003. A Framework for Vulnerability Analysis in Sustainability Science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100 (14): 8074–8079.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vester, H. F. M. 2002. Modelos arquitectónicos en la flora árborea de la península de Yucatán. Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México, No. 71: 45–57.
   Google Scholar
• Vitousek, P. M. 1994. Beyond Global Warming: Ecology and Global Change. Ecology 75 (7): 1861–1876.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitousek, P. M., H. A. Mooney, J. Lubchenco, and J. M. Melillo. 1997. Human Domination of Earth's Ecosystems. Science 277 (5325): 494–499.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar