STAT1β Is Not Dominant Negative and Is Capable of Contributing to Gamma Interferon-Dependent Innate Immunity

REFERENCES

• Levy DE, Darnell JEJr. 2002. Stats: transcriptional control and biological impact. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 3:651–662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm909.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bancerek J, Poss ZC, Steinparzer I, Sedlyarov V, Pfaffenwimmer T, Mikulic I, Dolken L, Strobl B, Muller M, Taatjes DJ, Kovarik P. 2013. CDK8 kinase phosphorylates transcription factor STAT1 to selectively regulate the interferon response. Immunity 38:250–262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2012.10.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadzak I, Schiff M, Gattermeier I, Glinitzer R, Sauer I, Saalmuller A, Yang E, Schaljo B, Kovarik P. 2008. Recruitment of Stat1 to chromatin is required for interferon-induced serine phosphorylation of Stat1 transactivation domain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 105:8944–8949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801794105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varinou L, Ramsauer K, Karaghiosoff M, Kolbe T, Pfeffer K, Muller M, Decker T. 2003. Phosphorylation of the Stat1 transactivation domain is required for full-fledged IFN-gamma-dependent innate immunity. Immunity 19:793–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1074-7613(03)00322-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen Z, Zhong Z, Darnell JEJr. 1995. Maximal activation of transcription by Stat1 and Stat3 requires both tyrosine and serine phosphorylation. Cell 82:241–250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90311-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boisson-Dupuis S, Kong XF, Okada S, Cypowyj S, Puel A, Abel L, Casanova JL. 2012. Inborn errors of human STAT1: allelic heterogeneity governs the diversity of immunological and infectious phenotypes. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 24:364–378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2012.04.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durbin JE, Hackenmiller R, Simon MC, Levy DE. 1996. Targeted disruption of the mouse Stat1 gene results in compromised innate immunity to viral disease. Cell 84:443–450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81289-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meraz MA, White JM, Sheehan KC, Bach EA, Rodig SJ, Dighe AS, Kaplan DH, Riley JK, Greenlund AC, Campbell D, Carver-Moore K, DuBois RN, Clark R, Aguet M, Schreiber RD. 1996. Targeted disruption of the Stat1 gene in mice reveals unexpected physiologic specificity in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Cell 84:431–442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81288-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller M, Laxton C, Briscoe J, Schindler C, Improta T, Darnell JEJr, Stark GR, Kerr IM. 1993. Complementation of a mutant cell line: central role of the 91 kDa polypeptide of ISGF3 in the interferon-alpha and -gamma signal transduction pathways. EMBO J. 12:4221–4228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuai K, Stark GR, Kerr IM, Darnell JEJr. 1993. A single phosphotyrosine residue of Stat91 required for gene activation by interferon-gamma. Science 261:1744–1746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.7690989.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zakharova N, Lymar ES, Yang E, Malik S, Zhang JJ, Roeder RG, Darnell JEJr. 2003. Distinct transcriptional activation functions of STAT1alpha and STAT1beta on DNA and chromatin templates. J. Biol. Chem. 278:43067–43073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M308166200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schindler C, Darnell JEJr. 1995. Transcriptional responses to polypeptide ligands: the JAK-STAT pathway. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 64:621–651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.64.070195.003201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinkemeier U, Cohen SL, Moarefi I, Chait BT, Kuriyan J, Darnell JEJr. 1996. DNA binding of in vitro activated Stat1 alpha, Stat1 beta and truncated Stat1: interaction between NH2-terminal domains stabilizes binding of two dimers to tandem DNA sites. EMBO J. 15:5616–5626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharya S, Eckner R, Grossman S, Oldread E, Arany Z, D'Andrea A, Livingston DM. 1996. Cooperation of Stat2 and p300/CBP in signalling induced by interferon-alpha. Nature 383:344–347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/383344a0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qureshi SA, Leung S, Kerr IM, Stark GR, Darnell JEJr. 1996. Function of Stat2 protein in transcriptional activation by alpha interferon. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:288–293.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baran-Marszak F, Feuillard J, Najjar I, Le Clorennec C, Bechet JM, Dusanter-Fourt I, Bornkamm GW, Raphael M, Fagard R. 2004. Differential roles of STAT1alpha and STAT1beta in fludarabine-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human B cells. Blood 104:2475–2483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-10-3508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez GR, Zwilling BS, Lafuse WP. 2003. Mycobacterium avium inhibition of IFN-gamma signaling in mouse macrophages: Toll-like receptor 2 stimulation increases expression of dominant-negative STAT1 beta by mRNA stabilization. J. Immunol. 171:6766–6773.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bhardwaj N, Rosas LE, Lafuse WP, Satoskar AR. 2005. Leishmania inhibits STAT1-mediated IFN-gamma signaling in macrophages: increased tyrosine phosphorylation of dominant negative STAT1beta by Leishmania mexicana. Int. J. Parasitol. 35:75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.10.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruvolo V, Navarro L, Sample CE, David M, Sung S, Swaminathan S. 2003. The Epstein-Barr virus SM protein induces STAT1 and interferon-stimulated gene expression. J. Virol. 77:3690–3701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.77.6.3690-3701.2003.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mamo S, Kobolak J, Borbiro I, Biro T, Bock I, Dinnyes A. 2010. Gene targeting and calcium handling efficiencies in mouse embryonic stem cell lines. World J. Stem Cells 2:127–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v2.i6.127.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schwenk F, Baron U, Rajewsky K. 1995. A cre-transgenic mouse strain for the ubiquitous deletion of loxP-flanked gene segments including deletion in germ cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 23:5080–5081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/23.24.5080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teppner I, Aigner B, Schreiner E, Muller M, Windisch M. 2004. Polymorphic microsatellite markers in the outbred CFW and ICR stocks for the generation of speed congenic mice on C57BL/6 background. Lab Anim. 38:406–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0023677041958882.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karaghiosoff M, Neubauer H, Lassnig C, Kovarik P, Schindler H, Pircher H, McCoy B, Bogdan C, Decker T, Brem G, Pfeffer K, Muller M. 2000. Partial impairment of cytokine responses in Tyk2-deficient mice. Immunity 13:549–560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1074-7613(00)00054-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strobl B, Bubic I, Bruns U, Steinborn R, Lajko R, Kolbe T, Karaghiosoff M, Kalinke U, Jonjic S, Muller M. 2005. Novel functions of tyrosine kinase 2 in the antiviral defense against murine cytomegalovirus. J. Immunol. 175:4000–4008.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kovarik P, Stoiber D, Novy M, Decker T. 1998. Stat1 combines signals derived from IFN-gamma and LPS receptors during macrophage activation. EMBO J. 17:3660–3668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/17.13.3660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nissen RM, Yamamoto KR. 2000. The glucocorticoid receptor inhibits NFkappaB by interfering with serine-2 phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain. Genes Dev. 14:2314–2329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.827900.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leitner NR, Strobl B, Bokor M, Painz R, Kolbe T, Rulicke T, Muller M, Karaghiosoff M. 2006. A time- and dose-dependent STAT1 expression system. BMC Biotechnol. 6:48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6750-6-48.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stockinger S, Reutterer B, Schaljo B, Schellack C, Brunner S, Materna T, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Taniguchi T, Murray PJ, Muller M, Decker T. 2004. IFN regulatory factor 3-dependent induction of type I IFNs by intracellular bacteria is mediated by a TLR- and Nod2-independent mechanism. J. Immunol. 173:7416–7425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prchal-Murphy M, Semper C, Lassnig C, Wallner B, Gausterer C, Teppner-Klymiuk I, Kobolak J, Muller S, Kolbe T, Karaghiosoff M, Dinnyes A, Rulicke T, Leitner NR, Strobl B, Muller M. 2012. TYK2 kinase activity is required for functional type I interferon responses in vivo. PLoS One 7:e39141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039141.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pott J, Mahlakoiv T, Mordstein M, Duerr CU, Michiels T, Stockinger S, Staeheli P, Hornef MW. 2011. IFN-lambda determines the intestinal epithelial antiviral host defense. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108:7944–7949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1100552108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maritano D, Sugrue ML, Tininini S, Dewilde S, Strobl B, Fu X, Murray-Tait V, Chiarle R, Poli V. 2004. The STAT3 isoforms alpha and beta have unique and specific functions. Nat. Immunol. 5:401–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni1052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gough DJ, Messina NL, Hii L, Gould JA, Sabapathy K, Robertson AP, Trapani JA, Levy DE, Hertzog PJ, Clarke CJ, Johnstone RW. 2010. Functional crosstalk between type I and II interferon through the regulated expression of STAT1. PLoS Biol. 8:e1000361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000361.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rusinova I, Forster S, Yu S, Kannan A, Masse M, Cumming H, Chapman R, Hertzog PJ. 2013. Interferome v2.0: an updated database of annotated interferon-regulated genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 41:D1040–D1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks1215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong LH, Sim H, Chatterjee-Kishore M, Hatzinisiriou I, Devenish RJ, Stark G, Ralph SJ. 2002. Isolation and characterization of a human STAT1 gene regulatory element. Inducibility by interferon (IFN) types I and II and role of IFN regulatory factor-1. J. Biol. Chem. 277:19408–19417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111302200.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramsauer K, Farlik M, Zupkovitz G, Seiser C, Kroger A, Hauser H, Decker T. 2007. Distinct modes of action applied by transcription factors STAT1 and IRF1 to initiate transcription of the IFN-gamma-inducible gbp2 gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104:2849–2854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0610944104.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen LS, Wei PC, Liu T, Kao CH, Pai LM, Lee CK. 2009. STAT2 hypomorphic mutant mice display impaired dendritic cell development and antiviral response. J. Biomed. Sci. 16:22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1423-0127-16-22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Detje CN, Meyer T, Schmidt H, Kreuz D, Rose JK, Bechmann I, Prinz M, Kalinke U. 2009. Local type I IFN receptor signaling protects against virus spread within the central nervous system. J. Immunol. 182:2297–2304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0800596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fensterl V, Wetzel JL, Ramachandran S, Ogino T, Stohlman SA, Bergmann CC, Diamond MS, Virgin HW, Sen GC. 2012. Interferon-induced Ifit2/ISG54 protects mice from lethal VSV neuropathogenesis. PLoS Pathog. 8:e1002712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002712.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mordstein M, Kochs G, Dumoutier L, Renauld JC, Paludan SR, Klucher K, Staeheli P. 2008. Interferon-lambda contributes to innate immunity of mice against influenza A virus but not against hepatotropic viruses. PLoS Pathog. 4:e1000151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mordstein M, Neugebauer E, Ditt V, Jessen B, Rieger T, Falcone V, Sorgeloos F, Ehl S, Mayer D, Kochs G, Schwemmle M, Gunther S, Drosten C, Michiels T, Staeheli P. 2010. Lambda interferon renders epithelial cells of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts resistant to viral infections. J. Virol. 84:5670–5677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00272-10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimm D, Staeheli P, Hufbauer M, Koerner I, Martinez-Sobrido L, Solorzano A, Garcia-Sastre A, Haller O, Kochs G. 2007. Replication fitness determines high virulence of influenza A virus in mice carrying functional Mx1 resistance gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104:6806–6811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701849104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kochs G, Koerner I, Thiel L, Kothlow S, Kaspers B, Ruggli N, Summerfield A, Pavlovic J, Stech J, Staeheli P. 2007. Properties of H7N7 influenza A virus strain SC35M lacking interferon antagonist NS1 in mice and chickens. J. Gen. Virol. 88:1403–1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82764-0.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gil MP, Salomon R, Louten J, Biron CA. 2006. Modulation of STAT1 protein levels: a mechanism shaping CD8 T-cell responses in vivo. Blood 107:987–993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-07-2834.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kernbauer E, Maier V, Stoiber D, Strobl B, Schneckenleithner C, Sexl V, Reichart U, Reizis B, Kalinke U, Jamieson A, Muller M, Decker T. 2012. Conditional Stat1 ablation reveals the importance of interferon signaling for immunity to Listeria monocytogenes infection. PLoS Pathog. 8:e1002763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002763.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lu B, Ebensperger C, Dembic Z, Wang Y, Kvatyuk M, Lu T, Coffman RL, Pestka S, Rothman PB. 1998. Targeted disruption of the interferon-gamma receptor 2 gene results in severe immune defects in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95:8233–8238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.14.8233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auerbuch V, Brockstedt DG, Meyer-Morse N, O'Riordan M, Portnoy DA. 2004. Mice lacking the type I interferon receptor are resistant to Listeria monocytogenes. J. Exp. Med. 200:527–533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20040976.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrero JA, Calderon B, Unanue ER. 2004. Type I interferon sensitizes lymphocytes to apoptosis and reduces resistance to Listeria infection. J. Exp. Med. 200:535–540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20040769.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connell RM, Saha SK, Vaidya SA, Bruhn KW, Miranda GA, Zarnegar B, Perry AK, Nguyen BO, Lane TF, Taniguchi T, Miller JF, Cheng G. 2004. Type I interferon production enhances susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection. J. Exp. Med. 200:437–445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20040712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvath CM, Stark GR, Kerr IM, Darnell JEJr. 1996. Interactions between STAT and non-STAT proteins in the interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 transcription complex. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:6957–6964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park C, Lecomte MJ, Schindler C. 1999. Murine Stat2 is uncharacteristically divergent. Nucleic Acids Res. 27:4191–4199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/27.21.4191.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paulson M, Pisharody S, Pan L, Guadagno S, Mui AL, Levy DE. 1999. Stat protein transactivation domains recruit p300/CBP through widely divergent sequences. J. Biol. Chem. 274:25343–25349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.36.25343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulson M, Press C, Smith E, Tanese N, Levy DE. 2002. IFN-stimulated transcription through a TBP-free acetyltransferase complex escapes viral shutoff. Nat. Cell Biol. 4:140–147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncb747.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Muller U, Steinhoff U, Reis LF, Hemmi S, Pavlovic J, Zinkernagel RM, Aguet M. 1994. Functional role of type I and type II interferons in antiviral defense. Science 264:1918–1921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8009221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kundig TM, Hengartner H, Zinkernagel RM. 1993. T cell-dependent IFN-gamma exerts an antiviral effect in the central nervous system but not in peripheral solid organs. J. Immunol. 150:2316–2321.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yoo JY, Huso DL, Nathans D, Desiderio S. 2002. Specific ablation of Stat3beta distorts the pattern of Stat3-responsive gene expression and impairs recovery from endotoxic shock. Cell 108:331–344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00636-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoey T, Zhang S, Schmidt N, Yu Q, Ramchandani S, Xu X, Naeger LK, Sun YL, Kaplan MH. 2003. Distinct requirements for the naturally occurring splice forms Stat4alpha and Stat4beta in IL-12 responses. EMBO J. 22:4237–4248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/cdg393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mo C, Chearwae W, O'Malley JT, Adams SM, Kanakasabai S, Walline CC, Stritesky GL, Good SR, Perumal NB, Kaplan MH, Bright JJ. 2008. Stat4 isoforms differentially regulate inflammation and demyelination in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 181:5681–5690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Malley JT, Eri RD, Stritesky GL, Mathur AN, Chang HC, Hogenesch H, Srinivasan M, Kaplan MH. 2008. STAT4 isoforms differentially regulate Th1 cytokine production and the severity of inflammatory bowel disease. J. Immunol. 181:5062–5070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Darnell JEJr. 2001. Functional importance of Stat3 tetramerization in activation of the alpha 2-macroglobulin gene. J. Biol. Chem. 276:33576–33581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M104978200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Wrzeszczynska MH, Horvath CM, Darnell JEJr. 1999. Interacting regions in Stat3 and c-Jun that participate in cooperative transcriptional activation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:7138–7146.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang JJ, Vinkemeier U, Gu W, Chakravarti D, Horvath CM, Darnell JEJr. 1996. Two contact regions between Stat1 and CBP/p300 in interferon gamma signaling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93:15092–15096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.26.15092.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu M, John S, Berg M, Leonard WJ. 1999. Functional association of Nmi with Stat5 and Stat1 in IL-2- and IFNgamma-mediated signaling. Cell 96:121–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80965-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura T, Kadokawa Y, Harada H, Matsumoto M, Sato M, Kashiwazaki Y, Tarutani M, Tan RS, Takasugi T, Matsuyama T, Mak TW, Noguchi S, Taniguchi T. 1996. Essential and non-redundant roles of p48 (ISGF3 gamma) and IRF-1 in both type I and type II interferon responses, as revealed by gene targeting studies. Genes Cells 1:115–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2443.1996.08008.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmermann A, Trilling M, Wagner M, Wilborn M, Bubic I, Jonjic S, Koszinowski U, Hengel H. 2005. A cytomegaloviral protein reveals a dual role for STAT2 in IFN-{gamma} signaling and antiviral responses. J. Exp. Med. 201:1543–1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20041401.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bluyssen HA, Muzaffar R, Vlieststra RJ, van der Made AC, Leung S, Stark GR, Kerr IM, Trapman J, Levy DE. 1995. Combinatorial association and abundance of components of interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 dictate the selectivity of interferon responses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 92:5645–5649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.12.5645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begitt A, Droescher M, Meyer T, Schmid CD, Baker M, Antunes F, Owen MR, Naumann R, Decker T, Vinkemeier U. 2014. STAT1-cooperative DNA binding distinguishes type 1 from type 2 interferon signaling. Nat. Immunol. 15:168–176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni.2794.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morrow AN, Schmeisser H, Tsuno T, Zoon KC. 2011. A novel role for IFN-stimulated gene factor 3II in IFN-gamma signaling and induction of antiviral activity in human cells. J. Immunol. 186:1685–1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1001359.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ilangumaran S, Rottapel R. 2003. Regulation of cytokine receptor signaling by SOCS1. Immunol. Rev. 192:196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-065X.2003.00020.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bullen DV, Darwiche R, Metcalf D, Handman E, Alexander WS. 2001. Neutralization of interferon-gamma in neonatal SOCS1−/− mice prevents fatty degeneration of the liver but not subsequent fatal inflammatory disease. Immunology 104:92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2567.2001.01294.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alexander WS, Starr R, Fenner JE, Scott CL, Handman E, Sprigg NS, Corbin JE, Cornish AL, Darwiche R, Owczarek CM, Kay TW, Nicola NA, Hertzog PJ, Metcalf D, Hilton DJ. 1999. SOCS1 is a critical inhibitor of interferon gamma signaling and prevents the potentially fatal neonatal actions of this cytokine. Cell 98:597–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80047-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyagi T, Gil MP, Wang X, Louten J, Chu WM, Biron CA. 2007. High basal STAT4 balanced by STAT1 induction to control type 1 interferon effects in natural killer cells. J. Exp. Med. 204:2383–2396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20070401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regis G, Pensa S, Boselli D, Novelli F, Poli V. 2008. Ups and downs: the STAT1:STAT3 seesaw of interferon and gp130 receptor signalling. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 19:351–359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.06.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar