Hematopoietic Precursor Cells Transiently Reestablish Permissiveness for X Inactivation

REFERENCES

• Bacher, C. P., M. Guggiari, B. Brors, S. Augui, P. Clerc, P. Avner, R. Eils, and E. Heard. 2006. Transient colocalization of X-inactivation centres accompanies the initiation of X inactivation. Nat. Cell. Biol.
   Google Scholar
• Balciunaite, G., R. Ceredig, S. Massa, and A. G. Rolink. 2005. A B220+ CD117+ CD19− hematopoietic progenitor with potent lymphoid andmyeloid developmental potential. Eur. J. Immunol.2019–2030.
   Google Scholar
• Bassing, C. H., W. Swat, and F. W. Alt. 2002. The mechanism and regulation of chromosomal V(D)J recombination. Cell 109(Suppl.):S45–S55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borsani, G., R. Tonlorenzi, M. C. Simmler, L. Dandolo, D. Arnaud, V. Capra, M. Grompe, A. Pizzuti, D. Muzny, C. Lawrence, et al. 1991. Characterization of a murine gene expressed from the inactive X chromosome. Nature 351:325–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brockdorff, N. 2002. X-chromosome inactivation: closing in on proteins that bind Xist RNA. Trends Genet. 18:352–358.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brockdorff, N., A. Ashworth, G. F. Kay, P. Cooper, S. Smith, V. M. McCabe, D. P. Norris, G. D. Penny, D. Patel, and S. Rastan. 1991. Conservation of position and exclusive expression of mouse Xist from the inactive X chromosome. Nature 351:329–331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, C. J., A. Ballabio, J. L. Rupert, R. G. Lafreniere, M. Grompe, R. Tonlorenzi, and H. F. Willard. 1991. A gene from the region of the human X inactivation centre is expressed exclusively from the inactive X chromosome. Nature 349:38–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, C. J., R. G. Lafreniere, V. E. Powers, G. Sebastio, A. Ballabio, A. L. Pettigrew, D. H. Ledbetter, E. Levy, I. W. Craig, and H. F. Willard. 1991. Localization of the X inactivation centre on the human X chromosome in Xq13. Nature 349:82–84.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown, C. J., and H. F. Willard. 1994. The human X-inactivation centre is not required for maintenance of X-chromosome inactivation. Nature 368:154–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Busslinger, M. 2004. Transcriptional control of early B cell development. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 22:55–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clemson, C. M., J. C. Chow, C. J. Brown, and J. B. Lawrence. 1998. Stabilization and localization of Xist RNA are controlled by separate mechanisms and are not sufficient for X inactivation. J. Cell Biol. 142:13–23.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clemson, C. M., J. A. McNeil, H. F. Willard, and J. B. Lawrence. 1996. XIST RNA paints the inactive X chromosome at interphase: evidence for a novel RNA involved in nuclear/chromosome structure. J. Cell Biol. 132:259–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csankovszki, G., A. Nagy, and R. Jaenisch. 2001. Synergism of Xist RNA, DNA methylation, and histone hypoacetylation in maintaining X chromosome inactivation. J. Cell Biol. 153:773–784.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Napoles, M., J. E. Mermoud, R. Wakao, Y. A. Tang, M. Endoh, R. Appanah, T. B. Nesterova, J. Silva, A. P. Otte, M. Vidal, H. Koseki, and N. Brockdorff. 2004. Polycomb group proteins Ring1A/B link ubiquitylation of histone H2A to heritable gene silencing and X inactivation. Dev. Cell 7:663–676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang, J., T. Chen, B. Chadwick, E. Li, and Y. Zhang. 2004. Ring1b-mediated H2A ubiquitination associates with inactive X chromosomes and is involved in initiation of X inactivation. J. Biol. Chem. 279:52812–52815.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ganesan, S., D. P. Silver, R. A. Greenberg, D. Avni, R. Drapkin, A. Miron, S. C. Mok, V. Randrianarison, S. Brodie, J. Salstrom, T. P. Rasmussen, A. Klimke, C. Marrese, Y. Marahrens, C. X. Deng, J. Feunteun, and D. M. Livingston. 2002. BRCA1 supports XIST RNA concentration on the inactive X chromosome. Cell 111:393–405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldmit, M., and Y. Bergman. 2004. Monoallelic gene expression: a repertoire of recurrent themes. Immunol. Rev. 200:197–214.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gossen, M., S. Freundlieb, G. Bender, G. Muller, W. Hillen, and H. Bujard. 1995. Transcriptional activation by tetracyclines in mammalian cells. Science 268:1766–1769.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, L. L., M. Byron, K. Sakai, L. Carrel, H. F. Willard, and J. B. Lawrence. 2002. An ectopic human XIST gene can induce chromosome inactivation in postdifferentiation human HT-1080 cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:8677–8682.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy, R. R., and S. A. Shinton. 2004. Characterization of B lymphopoiesis in mouse bone marrow and spleen. Methods Mol. Biol. 271:1–24.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heard, E. 2004. Recent advances in X-chromosome inactivation. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 16:247–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochedlinger, K., Y. Yamada, C. Beard, and R. Jaenisch. 2005. Ectopic expression of Oct-4 blocks progenitor-cell differentiation and causes dysplasia in epithelial tissues. Cell 121:465–477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hotta, T. 1997. Clonality in hematopoietic disorders. Int. J. Hematol. 66:403–412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, K. C., P. H. Rao, C. C. Lau, E. Heard, S. K. Ng, C. Brown, S. C. Mok, R. S. Berkowitz, and S. W. Ng. 2002. Relationship of XIST expression and responses of ovarian cancer to chemotherapy. Mol. Cancer Ther. 1:769–776.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huynh, K. D., and J. T. Lee. 2003. Inheritance of a pre-inactivated paternal X chromosome in early mouse embryos. Nature 426:857–862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawakami, T., K. Okamoto, O. Ogawa, and Y. Okada. 2004. XIST unmethylated DNA fragments in male-derived plasma as a tumour marker for testicular cancer. Lancet 363:40–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawakami, T., K. Okamoto, H. Sugihara, T. Hattori, A. E. Reeve, O. Ogawa, and Y. Okada. 2003. The roles of supernumerical X chromosomes and XIST expression in testicular germ cell tumors. J. Urol. 169:1546–1552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohlmaier, A., F. Savarese, M. Lachner, J. Martens, T. Jenuwein, and A. Wutz. 2004. A chromosomal memory triggered by Xist regulates histone methylation in X inactivation. PLoS Biol. 2:e171.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lambert, J. F., B. O. Benoit, G. A. Colvin, J. Carlson, Y. Delville, and P. J. Quesenberry. 2000. Quick sex determination of mouse fetuses. J. Neurosci. Methods 95:127–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lebon, J. M., P. P. Tam, J. Singer-Sam, A. D. Riggs, and S. S. Tan. 1995. Mouse endogenous X-linked genes do not show lineage-specific delayed inactivation during development. Genet. Res. 65:223–227.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li, E., C. Beard, and R. Jaenisch. 1993. Role for DNA methylation in genomic imprinting. Nature 366:362–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Looijenga, L. H., A. J. Gillis, R. J. van Gurp, A. J. Verkerk, and J. W. Oosterhuis. 1997. X inactivation in human testicular tumors. XIST expression and androgen receptor methylation status. Am. J. Pathol. 151:581–590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mak, W., T. B. Nesterova, M. de Napoles, R. Appanah, S. Yamanaka, A. P. Otte, and N. Brockdorff. 2004. Reactivation of the paternal X chromosome in early mouse embryos. Science 303:666–669.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marahrens, Y., B. Panning, J. Dausman, W. Strauss, and R. Jaenisch. 1997. Xist-deficient mice are defective in dosage compensation but not spermatogenesis. Genes Dev. 11:156–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nutt, S. L., P. Urbanek, A. Rolink, and M. Busslinger. 1997. Essential functions of Pax5 (BSAP) in pro-B cell development: difference between fetal and adult B lymphopoiesis and reduced V-to-DJ recombination at the IgH locus. Genes Dev. 11:476–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okamoto, I., A. P. Otte, C. D. Allis, D. Reinberg, and E. Heard. 2004. Epigenetic dynamics of imprinted X inactivation during early mouse development. Science 303:644–649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penny, G. D., G. F. Kay, S. A. Sheardown, S. Rastan, and N. Brockdorff. 1996. Requirement for Xist in X chromosome inactivation. Nature 379:131–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolink, A. G. 2004. B-cell development and pre-B-1 cell plasticity in vitro. Methods Mol. Biol. 271:271–281.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Souabni, A., C. Cobaleda, M. Schebesta, and M. Busslinger. 2002. Pax5 promotes B lymphopoiesis and blocks T cell development by repressing Notch1. Immunity 17:781–793.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surralles, J., and A. T. Natarajan. 1998. Position effect of translocations involving the inactive X chromosome: physical linkage to XIC/XIST does not lead to long-range de novo inactivation in human differentiated cells. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 82:58–66.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takagi, N., and M. Sasaki. 1975. Preferential inactivation of the paternally derived X chromosome in the extraembryonic membranes of the mouse. Nature 256:640–642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takagi, N., M. A. Yoshida, O. Sugawara, and M. Sasaki. 1983. Reversal of X-inactivation in female mouse somatic cells hybridized with murine teratocarcinoma stem cells in vitro. Cell 34:1053–1062.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tam, P. P., S. X. Zhou, and S. S. Tan. 1994. X-chromosome activity of the mouse primordial germ cells revealed by the expression of an X-linked lacZ transgene. Development 120:2925–2932.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tinker, A. V., and C. J. Brown. 1998. Induction of XIST expression from the human active X chromosome in mouse/human somatic cell hybrids by DNA demethylation. Nucleic Acids Res. 26:2935–2940.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tucker, K. L., C. Beard, J. Dausmann, L. Jackson-Grusby, P. W. Laird, H. Lei, E. Li, and R. Jaenisch. 1996. Germ-line passage is required for establishment of methylation and expression patterns of imprinted but not of nonimprinted genes. Genes Dev. 10:1008–1020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wutz, A., and R. Jaenisch. 2000. A shift from reversible to irreversible X inactivation is triggered during ES cell differentiation. Mol. Cell 5:695–705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wutz, A., T. P. Rasmussen, and R. Jaenisch. 2002. Chromosomal silencing and localization are mediated by different domains of Xist RNA. Nat. Genet. 30:167–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, N., C. L. Tsai, and J. T. Lee. 2006. Transient homologous chromosome pairing marks the onset of X inactivation. Science.
   Google Scholar
• Zambrowicz, B. P., A. Imamoto, S. Fiering, L. A. Herzenberg, W. G. Kerr, and P. Soriano. 1997. Disruption of overlapping transcripts in the ROSA beta geo 26 gene trap strain leads to widespread expression of beta-galactosidase in mouse embryos and hematopoietic cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:3789–3794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zvetkova, I., A. Apedaile, B. Ramsahoye, J. E. Mermoud, L. A. Crompton, R. John, R. Feil, and N. Brockdorff. 2005. Global hypomethylation of the genome in XX embryonic stem cells. Nat. Genet. 37:1274–1279.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar