Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein Isoform II Promotes Transcription Factor Recruitment To Activate Interferon Beta and Interferon-Responsive Gene Expression

REFERENCES

• Randall RE, Goodbourn S. 2008. Interferons and viruses: an interplay between induction, signalling, antiviral responses and virus countermeasures. J Gen Virol 89:1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.83391-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mogensen TH. 2009. Pathogen recognition and inflammatory signaling in innate immune defenses. Clin Microbiol Rev 22:240–273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00046-08.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs BL, Langland JO. 1996. When two strands are better than one: the mediators and modulators of the cellular responses to double-stranded RNA. Virology 219:339–349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.1996.0259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoneyama M, Fujita T. 2009. RNA recognition and signal transduction by RIG-I-like receptors. Immunol Rev 227:54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00727.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wathelet MG, Lin CH, Parekh BS, Ronco LV, Howley PM, Maniatis T. 1998. Virus infection induces the assembly of coordinately activated transcription factors on the IFN-beta enhancer in vivo. Mol Cell 1:507–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80051-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin R, Heylbroeck C, Pitha PM, Hiscott J. 1998. Virus-dependent phosphorylation of the IRF-3 transcription factor regulates nuclear translocation, transactivation potential, and proteasome-mediated degradation. Mol Cell Biol 18:2986–2996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baeuerle PA, Baltimore D. 1988. I kappa B: a specific inhibitor of the NF-kappa B transcription factor. Science 242:540–546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.3140380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thanos D, Maniatis T. 1995. Virus induction of human IFN beta gene expression requires the assembly of an enhanceosome. Cell 83:1091–1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90136-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim TK, Kim TH, Maniatis T. 1998. Efficient recruitment of TFIIB and CBP-RNA polymerase II holoenzyme by an interferon-beta enhanceosome in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:12191–12196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.21.12191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merika M, Williams AJ, Chen G, Collins T, Thanos D. 1998. Recruitment of CBP/p300 by the IFN beta enhanceosome is required for synergistic activation of transcription. Mol Cell 1:277–287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80028-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weaver BK, Kumar KP, Reich NC. 1998. Interferon regulatory factor 3 and CREB-binding protein/p300 are subunits of double-stranded RNA-activated transcription factor DRAF1. Mol Cell Biol 18:1359–1368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stark GR, Kerr IM, Williams BR, Silverman RH, Schreiber RD. 1998. How cells respond to interferons. Annu Rev Biochem 67:227–264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platanias LC. 2005. Mechanisms of type-I- and type-II-interferon-mediated signalling. Nat Rev Immunol 5:375–386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri1604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Boxel-Dezaire AH, Rani MR, Stark GR. 2006. Complex modulation of cell type-specific signaling in response to type I interferons. Immunity 25:361–372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2006.08.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Thé H, Chomienne C, Lanotte M, Degos L, Dejean A. 1990. The t(15;17) translocation of acute promyelocytic leukaemia fuses the retinoic acid receptor alpha gene to a novel transcribed locus. Nature 347:558–561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/347558a0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goddard AD, Borrow J, Freemont PS, Solomon E. 1991. Characterization of a zinc finger gene disrupted by the t(15,17) in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Science 254:1371–1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1720570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borden KLB, Boddy MN, Lally J, Oreilly NJ, Martin S, Howe K, Solomon E, Freemont PS. 1995. The solution structure of the ring finger domain from the acute promyelocytic leukemia proto-oncoprotein PML. EMBO J 14:1532–1541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagioli M, Alcalay M, Pandolfi PP, Venturini L, Mencarelli A, Simeone A, Acampora D, Grignani F, Pelicci PG. 1992. Alternative splicing of PML transcripts predicts coexpression of several carboxy-terminally different protein isoforms. Oncogene 7:1083–1091.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jensen K, Shiels C, Freemont PS. 2001. PML protein isoforms and the RBCC/TRIM motif. Oncogene 20:7223–7233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1204765.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Damme E, Laukens K, Dang TH, Van Ostade X. 2010. A manually curated network of the PML nuclear body interactome reveals an important role for PML-NBs in SUMOylation dynamics. Int J Biol Sci 6:51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.6.51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernardi R, Pandolfi PP. 2007. Structure, dynamics and functions of promyelocytic leukaemia nuclear bodies. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8:1006–1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm2277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dellaire G, Bazett-Jones DP. 2004. PML nuclear bodies: dynamic sensors of DNA damage and cellular stress. Bioessays 26:963–977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.20089.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krieghoff-Henning E, Hofmann TG. 2008. Role of nuclear bodies in apoptosis signalling. Biochim Biophys Acta 1783:2185–2194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.07.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bischof O, Kirsh O, Pearson M, Itahana K, Pelicci PG, Dejean A. 2002. Deconstructing PML-induced premature senescence. EMBO J 21:3358–3369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/cdf341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Asmi F, Marouni MA, Dutrieux J, Blondel D, Nisole S, Chelbi-Alix MK. 2014. Implication of PMLIV in both intrinsic and innate immunity. PLoS Pathog 10:e1003975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003975.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Everett RD, Chelbi-Alix MK. 2007. PML and PML nuclear bodies: implications in antiviral defence. Biochimie 89:819–830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2007.01.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tavalai N, Stamminger T. 2008. New insights into the role of the subnuclear structure ND10 for viral infection. Biochim Biophys Acta 1783:2207–2221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.08.004.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chelbi-Alix MK, Pelicano L, Quignon F, Koken MH, Venturini L, Stadler M, Pavlovic J, Degos L, de Thé H. 1995. Induction of the PML protein by interferons in normal and APL cells. Leukemia 9:2027–2033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stadler M, Chelbi-Alix MK, Koken MH, Venturini L, Lee C, Saïb A, Quignon F, Pelicano L, Guillemin MC, Schindler C. 1995. Transcriptional induction of the PML growth suppressor gene by interferons is mediated through an ISRE and a GAS element. Oncogene 11:2565–2573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iki S, Yokota S, Okabayashi T, Yokosawa N, Nagata K, Fujii N. 2005. Serum-dependent expression of promyelocytic leukemia protein suppresses propagation of influenza virus. Virology 343:106–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2005.08.010.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chelbi-Alix MK, Wietzerbin J. 2007. Interferon, a growing cytokine family: 50 years of interferon research. Biochimie 89:713–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2007.05.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leib DA, Harrison TE, Laslo KM, Machalek MA, Moorman NJ, Virgin HW. 1999. Interferons regulate the phenotype of wild-type and mutant herpes simplex viruses in vivo. J Exp Med 189:663–672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.189.4.663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mossman KL, Saffran HA, Smiley JR. 2000. Herpes simplex virus ICP0 mutants are hypersensitive to interferon. J Virol 74:2052–2056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.74.4.2052-2056.2000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullman AJ, Hearing P. 2008. Cellular proteins PML and Daxx mediate an innate antiviral defense antagonized by the adenovirus E4 ORF3 protein. J Virol 82:7325–7335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00723-08.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullman AJ, Reich NC, Hearing P. 2007. Adenovirus E4 ORF3 protein inhibits the interferon-mediated antiviral response. J Virol 81:4744–4752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02385-06.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoppe A, Beech SJ, Dimmock J, Leppard KN. 2006. Interaction of the adenovirus type 5 E4 Orf3 protein with promyelocytic leukemia protein isoform II is required for ND10 disruption. J Virol 80:3042–3049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.80.6.3042-3049.2006.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cuchet D, Sykes A, Nicolas A, Orr A, Murray J, Sirma H, Heeren J, Bartelt A, Everett RD. 2011. PML isoforms I and II participate in PML-dependent restriction of HSV-1 replication. J Cell Sci 124:280–291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.075390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong S, Salomoni P, Pandolfi PP. 2000. The transcriptional role of PML and the nuclear body. Nat Cell Biol 2:E85–E90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35010583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maarifi G, Chelbi-Alix MK, Nisole S. 2014. PML control of cytokine signaling. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 25:551–561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.04.008.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Choi YH, Bernardi R, Pandolfi PP, Benveniste EN. 2006. The promyelocytic leukemia protein functions as a negative regulator of IFN-gamma signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:18715–18720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604800103.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• El Bougrini J, Dianoux L, Chelbi-Alix MK. 2011. PML positively regulates interferon gamma signaling. Biochimie 93:389–398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2010.11.005.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kumar PP, Bischof O, Purbey PK, Notani D, Urlaub H, Dejean A, Galande S. 2007. Functional interaction between PML and SATB1 regulates chromatin-loop architecture and transcription of the MHC class I locus. Nat Cell Biol 9:45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncb1516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulbricht T, Alzrigat M, Horch A, Reuter N, von Mikecz A, Steimle V, Schmitt E, Krämer OH, Stamminger T, Hemmerich P. 2012. PML promotes MHC class II gene expression by stabilizing the class II transactivator. J Cell Biol 199:49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201112015.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xu ZX, Zou WX, Lin P, Chang KS. 2005. A role for PML3 in centrosome duplication and genome stability. Mol Cell 17:721–732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2005.02.014.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beech SJ, Lethbridge KJ, Killick N, McGlincy N, Leppard KN. 2005. Isoforms of the promyelocytic leukemia protein differ in their effects on ND10 organization. Exp Cell Res 307:109–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.03.012.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guccione E, Lethbridge KJ, Killick N, Leppard KN, Banks L. 2004. HPV E6 proteins interact with specific PML isoforms and allow distinctions to be made between different POD structures. Oncogene 23:4662–4672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1207631.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leppard KN, Emmott E, Cortese MS, Rich T. 2009. Adenovirus type 5 E4 Orf3 protein targets promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) protein nuclear domains for disruption via a sequence in PML isoform II that is predicted as a protein interaction site by bioinformatic analysis. J Gen Virol 90:95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.005512-0.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• King P, Goodbourn S. 1994. The beta-interferon promoter responds to priming through multiple independent regulatory elements. J Biol Chem 269:30609–30615.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li Y, Hu X, Song Y, Lu Z, Ning T, Cai H, Ke Y. 2011. Identification of novel alternative splicing variants of interferon regulatory factor 3. Biochim Biophys Acta 1809:166–175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.01.006.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mankouri J, Fragkoudis R, Richards KH, Wetherill LF, Harris M, Kohl A, Elliott RM, Macdonald A. 2010. Optineurin negatively regulates the induction of IFNbeta in response to RNA virus infection. PLoS Pathog 6:e1000778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000778.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wright J. 2010. The role of PML proteins in adenovirus type 5 infection and the type 1 interferon response. Ph.D. thesis. University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
   Google Scholar
• Morris SJ, Leppard KN. 2009. Adenovirus serotype 5 L4-22K and L4-33K proteins have distinct functions in regulating late gene expression. J Virol 83:3049–3058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02455-08.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lethbridge KJ, Scott GE, Leppard KN. 2003. Nuclear matrix localization and SUMO-1 modification of adenovirus type 5 E1b 55K protein are controlled by E4 Orf6 protein. J Gen Virol 84:259–268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.18820-0.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shi HX, Yang K, Liu X, Liu XY, Wei B, Shan YF, Zhu LH, Wang C. 2010. Positive regulation of interferon regulatory factor 3 activation by Herc5 via ISG15 modification. Mol Cell Biol 30:2424–2436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/MCB.01466-09.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han Q, Zhang C, Zhang J, Tian Z. 2011. Involvement of activation of PKR in HBx-siRNA-mediated innate immune effects on HBV inhibition. PLoS One 6:e27931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027931.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vestergaard AL, Knudsen UB, Munk T, Rosbach H, Martensen PM. 2011. Transcriptional expression of type-I interferon response genes and stability of housekeeping genes in the human endometrium and endometriosis. Mol Hum Reprod 17:243–254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gaq100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang K, Shi HX, Liu XY, Shan YF, Wei B, Chen S, Wang C. 2009. TRIM21 is essential to sustain IFN regulatory factor 3 activation during antiviral response. J Immunol 182:3782–3792. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0803126.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spurrell JC, Wiehler S, Zaheer RS, Sanders SP, Proud D. 2005. Human airway epithelial cells produce IP-10 (CXCL10) in vitro and in vivo upon rhinovirus infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 289:L85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00397.2004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Oliveira DB, Almeida GM, Guedes AC, Santos FP, Bonjardim CA, Ferreira PC, Kroon EG. 2011. Basal activation of type I interferons (alpha2 and beta) and 2′5′OAS genes: insights into differential expression profiles of interferon system components in systemic sclerosis. Int J Rheumatol 2011:275617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/275617.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yun JJ, Tsao MS, Der SD. 2011. Differential utilization of NF-kappaB RELA and RELB in response to extracellular versus intracellular polyIC stimulation in HT1080 cells. BMC Immunol 12:15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2172-12-15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'Donnell SM, Holm GH, Pierce JM, Tian B, Watson MJ, Chari RS, Ballard DW, Brasier AR, Dermody TS. 2006. Identification of an NF-kappaB-dependent gene network in cells infected by mammalian reovirus. J Virol 80:1077–1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.80.3.1077-1086.2006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park K-S, Kim H, Kim N-G, Cho SY, Seong JK, Paik Y-K. 2002. Proteomic analysis and molecular characterization of tissue ferritin light chain in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 35:1459–1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jhep.2002.33204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandesompele J, De Preter K, Pattyn F, Poppe B, Van Roy N, De Paepe A, Speleman F. 2002. Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biol 3:research0034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-2002-3-7-research0034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-delta delta C(T)) method. Methods 25:402–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/meth.2001.1262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinmann AS, Farnham PJ. 2002. Identification of unknown target genes of human transcription factors using chromatin immunoprecipitation. Methods 26:37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1046-2023(02)00006-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honda K, Takaoka A, Taniguchi T. 2006. Type I interferon gene induction by the interferon regulatory factor family of transcription factors. Immunity 25:349–360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2006.08.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panne D, Maniatis T, Harrison SC. 2007. An atomic model of the interferon-beta enhanceosome. Cell 129:1111–1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daly C, Reich NC. 1995. Characterization of specific DNA-binding factors activated by double-stranded RNA as positive regulators of interferon alpha/beta-stimulated genes. J Biol Chem 270:23739–23746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.40.23739.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alexopoulou L, Holt AC, Medzhitov R, Flavell RA. 2001. Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3. Nature 413:732–738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35099560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma S, ten Oever BR, Grandvaux N, Zhou GP, Lin R, Hiscott J. 2003. Triggering the interferon antiviral response through an IKK-related pathway. Science 300:1148–1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1081315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basagoudanavar SH, Thapa RJ, Nogusa S, Wang J, Beg AA, Balachandran S. 2011. Distinct roles for the NF-kappa B RelA subunit during antiviral innate immune responses. J Virol 85:2599–2610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02213-10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taniguchi T, Takaoka A. 2001. A weak signal for strong responses: interferon-alpha/beta revisited. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2:378–386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35073080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doucas V, Tini M, Egan DA, Evans RM. 1999. Modulation of CREB binding protein function by the promyelocytic (PML) oncoprotein suggests a role for nuclear bodies in hormone signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:2627–2632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.6.2627.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guo A, Salomoni P, Luo J, Shih A, Zhong S, Gu W, Pandolfi PP. 2000. The function of PML in p53-dependent apoptosis. Nat Cell Biol 2:730–736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35036365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson M, Carbone R, Sebastiani C, Cioce M, Fagioli M, Saito S, Higashimoto Y, Appella E, Minucci S, Pandolfi PP, Pelicci PG. 2000. PML regulates p53 acetylation and premature senescence induced by oncogenic Ras. Nature 406:207–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35018127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu WS, Xu ZX, Hittelman WN, Salomoni P, Pandolfi PP, Chang KS. 2003. Promyelocytic leukemia protein sensitizes tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the NF-kappaB survival pathway. J Biol Chem 278:12294–12304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M211849200.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhong S, Delva L, Rachez C, Cenciarelli C, Gandini D, Zhang H, Kalantry S, Freedman LP, Pandolfi PP. 1999. A RA-dependent, tumour-growth suppressive transcription complex is the target of the PML-RARalpha and T18 oncoproteins. Nat Genet 23:287–295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/15463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoneyama M, Suhara W, Fukuhara Y, Fukuda M, Nishida E, Fujita T. 1998. Direct triggering of the type I interferon system by virus infection: activation of a transcription factor complex containing IRF-3 and CBP/p300. EMBO J 17:1087–1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/17.4.1087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaeser MD, Iggo RD. 2002. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis fails to support the latency model for regulation of p53 DNA binding activity in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.012283399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nisole S, Maroui MA, Mascle XH, Aubry M, Chelbi-Alix MK. 2013. Differential roles of PML isoforms. Front Oncol 3:125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2013.00125.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leppard KN, Wright J. 2012. Targeting of promyelocytic leukaemia proteins and promyelocytic leukaemia nuclear bodies by DNA tumour viruses, p 255–280. In Gaston K (ed), Small DNA tumour viruses. Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, United Kingdom.
   Google Scholar
• Condemine W, Takahashi Y, Zhu J, Puvion-Dutilleul F, Guegan S, Janin A, de Thé H. 2006. Characterization of endogenous human promyelocytic leukemia isoforms. Cancer Res 66:6192–6198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-3792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng X, Kao HY. 2012. Microarray analysis revealing common and distinct functions of promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) signaling in endothelial cells. BMC Genomics 13:453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-453.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schmitz ML, Indorf A, Limbourg FP, Städtler H, Traenckner EB, Baeuerle PA. 1996. The dual effect of adenovirus type 5 E1A 13S protein on NF-kappaB activation is antagonized by E1B 19K. Mol Cell Biol 16:4052–4063.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Honda K, Yanai H, Negishi H, Asagiri M, Sato M, Mizutani T, Shimada N, Ohba Y, Takaoka A, Yoshida N, Taniguchi T. 2005. IRF-7 is the master regulator of type-I interferon-dependent immune responses. Nature 434:772–777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy DE, Marié I, Smith E, Prakash A. 2002. Enhancement and diversification of IFN induction by IRF-7-mediated positive feedback. J Interferon Cytokine Res 22:87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/107999002753452692.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato M, Suemori H, Hata N, Asagiri M, Ogasawara K, Nakao K, Nakaya T, Katsuki M, Noguchi S, Tanaka N, Taniguchi T. 2000. Distinct and essential roles of transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7 in response to viruses for IFN-alpha/beta gene induction. Immunity 13:539–548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1074-7613(00)00053-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chee AV, Lopez P, Pandolfi PP, Roizman B. 2003. Promyelocytic leukemia protein mediates interferon-based anti-herpes simplex virus 1 effects. J Virol 77:7101–7105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.77.12.7101-7105.2003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nojima T, Oshiro-Ideue T, Nakanoya H, Kawamura H, Morimoto T, Kawaguchi Y, Kataoka N, Hagiwara M. 2009. Herpesvirus protein ICP27 switches PML isoform by altering mRNA splicing. Nucleic Acids Res 37:6515–6527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkp633.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bonilla WV, Pinschewer DD, Klenerman P, Rousson V, Gaboli M, Pandolfi PP, Zinkernagel RM, Salvato MS, Hengartner H. 2002. Effects of promyelocytic leukemia protein on virus-host balance. J Virol 76:3810–3818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.76.8.3810-3818.2002.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramos YF, Hestand MS, Verlaan M, Krabbendam E, Ariyurek Y, van Galen M, van Dam H, van Ommen GJ, den Dunnen JT, Zantema A, 't Hoen PA. 2010. Genome-wide assessment of differential roles for p300 and CBP in transcription regulation. Nucleic Acids Res 38:5396–5408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharya S, Eckner R, Grossman S, Oldread E, Arany Z, D'Andrea A, Livingston DM. 1996. Cooperation of Stat2 and p300/CBP in signalling induced by interferon-alpha. Nature 383:344–347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/383344a0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang JJ, Vinkemeier U, Gu W, Chakravarti D, Horvath CM, Darnell JE. 1996. Two contact regions between Stat1 and CBP/p300 in interferon gamma signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:15092–15096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.26.15092.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bannister AJ, Kouzarides T. 1996. The CBP co-activator is a histone acetyltransferase. Nature 384:641–643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/384641a0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kee BL, Arias J, Montminy MR. 1996. Adaptor-mediated recruitment of RNA polymerase II to a signal-dependent activator. J Biol Chem 271:2373–2375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.271.5.2373.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ogryzko VV, Schiltz RL, Russanova V, Howard BH, Nakatani Y. 1996. The transcriptional coactivators p300 and CBP are histone acetyltransferases. Cell 87:953–959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)82001-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berscheminski J, Groitl P, Dobner T, Wimmer P, Schreiner S. 2013. The adenoviral oncogene E1A-13S interacts with a specific isoform of the tumor suppressor PML to enhance viral transcription. J Virol 87:965–977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02023-12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berk AJ. 2005. Recent lessons in gene expression, cell cycle control, and cell biology from adenovirus. Oncogene 24:7673–7685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelka P, Ablack JN, Fonseca GJ, Yousef AF, Mymryk JS. 2008. Intrinsic structural disorder in adenovirus E1A: a viral molecular hub linking multiple diverse processes. J Virol 82:7252–7263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00104-08.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geng Y, Monajembashi S, Shao A, He W, Chen Z, Hemmerich P, Tang J. 2012. Contribution of the C-terminal regions of promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) isoforms II and V to PML nuclear body formation. J Biol Chem 287:30729–30742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.374769.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar