Frat Is a Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt-Regulated Determinant of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Subcellular Localization in Pluripotent Cells

REFERENCES

• Bechard M, Dalton S. 2009. Subcellular localization of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta controls embryonic stem cell self-renewal. Mol. Cell. Biol. 29:2092–2104.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brunet A, et al. 1999. Akt promotes cell survival by phosphorylating and inhibiting a Forkhead transcription factor. Cell 96:857–868.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cartwright P, et al. 2005. LIF/STAT3 controls ES cell self-renewal and pluripotency by a Myc-dependent mechanism. Development 132:885–896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cong F, Varmus H. 2004. Nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of Axin regulates subcellular localization of beta-catenin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101:2882–2887.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doble BW, Patel S, Wood GA, Kockeritz LK, Woodgett JR. 2007. Functional redundancy of GSK-3alpha and GSK-3beta in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling shown by using an allelic series of embryonic stem cell lines. Dev. Cell 12:957–971.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franca-Koh J, Yeo M, Fraser E, Young N, Dale TC. 2002. The regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 nuclear export by Frat/GBP. J. Biol. Chem. 277:43844–43848.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fraser E, et al. 2002. Identification of the Axin and Frat binding region of glycogen synthase kinase-3. J. Biol. Chem. 277:2176–2185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonkers J, Korswagen HC, Acton D, Breuer M, Berns A. 1997. Activation of a novel proto-oncogene, Frat1, contributes to progression of mouse T-cell lymphomas. EMBO J. 16:441–450.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jonkers J, et al. 1999. In vivo analysis of Frat1 deficiency suggests compensatory activity of Frat3. Mech. Dev. 88:183–194.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelly KF, et al. 2011. Beta-catenin enhances Oct-4 activity and reinforces pluripotency through a TCF-independent mechanism. Cell Stem Cell 8:214–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimelman D. 14 January 2005. Frat1. UCSD-Nat. Mol. Pages. http://www.signalinggateway.org/molecule/query?afcsid=A000956.
   Google Scholar
• Meares GP, Jope RS. 2007. Resolution of the nuclear localization mechanism of glycogen synthase kinase-3: functional effects in apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 282:16989–17001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato N, Meijer L, Skaltsounis L, Greengard P, Brivanlou AH. 2004. Maintenance of pluripotency in human and mouse embryonic stem cells through activation of Wnt signaling by a pharmacological GSK-3-specific inhibitor. Nat. Med. 10:55–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva J, et al. 2008. Promotion of reprogramming to ground state pluripotency by signal inhibition. PLoS Biol. 6:e253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith KN, Singh AM, Dalton S. 2010. Myc represses primitive endoderm differentiation in pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 7:343–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storm MP, et al. 2007. Regulation of Nanog expression by phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent signaling in murine embryonic stem cells. J. Biol. Chem. 282:6265–6273.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. 2006. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 126:663–676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Amerongen R, et al. 2005. Frat is dispensable for canonical Wnt signaling in mammals. Genes Dev. 19:425–430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Amerongen R, et al. 2010. Frat oncoproteins act at the crossroad of canonical and noncanonical Wnt-signaling pathways. Oncogene 29:93–104.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van der Houven van Oordt CW, et al. 1998. X-ray-induced lymphomagenesis in E mu-pim-1 transgenic mice: an investigation of the co-operating molecular events. Carcinogenesis 19:847–853.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Voskas D, Ling LS, Woodgett JR. 24 November 2010, posting date. Does GSK-3 provide a shortcut for PI3K activation of Wnt signalling? F1000 Biol. Rep. 2:82. https://doi.org/10.3410/B2-82.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wiechens N, Heinle K, Englmeier L, Schohl A, Fagotto F. 2004. Nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of Axin, a negative regulator of the Wnt-beta-catenin pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 279:5263–5267.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar