11
Views
207
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Cell Cycle-Regulated Association of E2F1 and Sp1 Is Related to Their Functional Interaction

, , , , &
Pages 1668-1675 | Received 21 Aug 1995, Accepted 08 Jan 1996, Published online: 29 Mar 2023

REFERENCES

  • Adams, P. D., and W. G. Kaelin, Jr. 1995. Transcriptional control by E2F. Semin. Cancer Biol. 6:99–108.
  • Azizkhan, J. C., D. E. Jensen, A. J. Pierce, and M. Wade. 1993. Transcription from TATA-less promoters: dihydrofolate reductase as a model. Crit. Rev. Eukaryotic Gene Expression 3:229–254.
  • Bentley, D. Personal communication.
  • Blake, M. C., and J. C. Azizkhan. 1989. Transcription factor E2F is required for efficient expression of the hamster dihydrofolate reductase gene in vitro and in vivo. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:4994–5002.
  • Blake, M. C., R. C. Jambou, A. G. Swick, J. W. Kahn, and J. C. Azizkhan. 1990. Transcriptional initiation is controlled by upstream GC-box interactions in a TATAA-less promoter. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:6632–6641.
  • Bradford, M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72:248–254.
  • Cao, L., B. Faha, M. Dembski, L. H. Tsai, E. Harlow, and N. Dyson. 1992. Independent binding of the retinoblastoma protein and p107 to the transcription factor E2F. Nature (London) 355:176–179.
  • Chellappan, S. 1994. The E2F transcription factor: role in cell cycle regulation and differentiation. Mol. Cell. Differ. 2:201–220.
  • Chellappan, S. P., S. Hiebert, M. Mudryj, J. M. Horowitz, and J. R. Nevins. 1991. The E2F transcription factor is a cellular target for the RB protein. Cell 65:1053–1061.
  • Chen, C., and H. Okayama. 1987. High-efficiency transformation of mammalian cells by plasmid DNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:2745–2752.
  • Chen, J. L., L. D. Attardi, C. P. Verrijzer, K. Yokomori, and R. Tjian. 1994. Assembly of recombinant TFIID reveals differential coactivator requirements for distinct transcriptional activators. Cell 79:93–105.
  • Chittenden, T., D. M. Livingston, and W. G. Kaelin, Jr. 1991. RB associates with an E2F-like, sequence-specific DNA-binding protein. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 56:187–195.
  • Courey, A. J., D. A. Holtzman, S. P. Jackson, and R. Tjian. 1989. Synergistic activation by the glutamine-rich domains of human transcription factor Sp1. Cell 59:827–836.
  • Courey, A. J., and R. Tjian. 1988. Analysis of Sp1 in vivo reveals multiple transcriptional domains, including a novel glutamine-rich activation motif. Cell 55:887–898.
  • Cress, W. D., D. G. Johnson, and J. R. Nevins. 1993. A genetic analysis of the E2F1 gene distinguishes regulation by Rb, p107, and adenovirus E4. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:6314–6325.
  • Dynlacht, B. D., A. Brook, M. Dembski, L. Yenush, and N. Dyson. 1994. DNA-binding and trans-activation properties of Drosophila E2F and DP proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:6359–6363.
  • Flemington, E. K., S. H. Speck, and W. G. Kaelin, Jr. 1993. E2F-1-mediated transactivation is inhibited by complex formation with the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:6914–6918.
  • Gill, G., E. Pascal, Z. H. Tseng, and R. Tjian. 1994. A glutamine-rich hydrophobic patch in transcription factor Sp1 contacts the dTAFII110 component of the Drosophila TFIID complex and mediates transcriptional activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:192–196.
  • Helin, K., J. A. Lees, M. Vidal, N. Dyson, E. Harlow, and A. Fattaey. 1992. A cDNA encoding a pRB-binding protein with properties of the transcription factor E2F. Cell 70:337–350.
  • Hiebert, S. W., S. P. Chellappan, J. M. Horowitz, and J. R. Nevins. 1992. The interaction of RB with E2F coincides with an inhibition of the transcriptional activity of E2F. Genes Dev. 6:177–185.
  • Horowitz, J. M. 1993. Regulation of transcription by the retinoblastoma protein. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 6:124–131.
  • Horowitz, J. M. Personal communication.
  • Jackson, S. P., J. J. MacDonald, S. Lees-Miller, and R. Tjian. 1990. GC box binding induces phosphorylation of Sp1 by a DNA-dependent protein ki-nase. Cell 63:155–165.
  • Jensen, D. E., and J. C. Azizkhan. Unpublished data.
  • Kadonaga, J. T., K. R. Carner, F. R. Masiarz, and R. Tjian. 1987. Isolation of cDNA encoding transcription factor Sp1 and functional analysis of the DNA binding domain. Cell 51:1079–1090.
  • Kadonaga, J. T., A. J. Courey, J. Ladika, and R. Tjian. 1988. Distinct regions of Sp1 modulate DNA binding and transcriptional activation. Science 242:1566–1570.
  • Kaelin, W. G., W. Krek, W. R. Sellers, J. A. DeCaprio, F. Ajchenbaum, C. S. Fuchs, T. Chittenden, Y. Li, P. J. Farnham, M. A. Blanar, D. M. Livingston, and E. K. Flemington. 1992. Expression cloning of a cDNA encoding a retinoblastoma binding protein with E2F-like properties. Cell 70:351–364.
  • Karlseder, J., H. Rotheneder, and E. Wintersberger. 1996. Interaction of Sp1 with the growth- and cell cycle-regulated transcription factor E2F. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:1659–1667.
  • Kim, S. J., U. S. Onwuta, Y. I. Lee, R. Li, M. R. Botchan, and P. D. Robbins. 1992. The retinoblastoma gene product regulates Sp1-mediated transcription. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:2455–2463.
  • Kollmar, R., K. A. Sukow, S. K. Sponagle, and P. J. Farnham. 1994. Start site selection at the TATA-less carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hy-drolyzing)/aspartate carbamoyltransferase/dihydroorotase promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 269:2252–2257.
  • Lai, J.-S., and W. Herr. 1992. Ethidium bromide provides a simple tool for identifying genuine DNA-independent protein associations. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 89:6958–6962.
  • LaThangue, N. B. 1994. DRTF1/E2F: an expanding family of heterodimeric transcription factors implicated in cell-cycle control. Trends Biochem. Sci. 19:108–114.
  • Li, Y., J. E. Slansky, D. J. Myers, N. R. Drinkwater, W. G. Kaelin, and P. J. Farnham. 1994. Cloning, chromosomal location, and characterization of mouse E2F1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:1861–1869.
  • Liao, W. C., J. Ash, and L. F. Johnson. 1994. Bidirectional promoter of the mouse thymidylate synthase gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:4044–4049.
  • Merika, M., and S. H. Orkin. 1995. Functional synergy and physical interaction of the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 with the Krüppel family proteins Sp1 and EKLF. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:2437–2447.
  • Moberg, K. H., T. J. Logan, W. A. Tyndall, and D. J. Hall. 1992. Three distinct elements within the murine c-myc promoter are required for transcription. Oncogene 7:411–421.
  • Murthy, S. C., G. P. Bhat, and B. Thimmappaya. 1985. Adenovirus EIIA early promoter: transcriptional control elements and induction by the viral pre-early EIA gene, which appears to be sequence independent. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:2230–2234.
  • Neuman, E., E. K. Flemington, W. R. Sellers, and W. G. Kaelin, Jr. 1994. Transcription of the E2F-1 gene is rendered cell cycle dependent by E2F DNA-binding sites within its promoter. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:6607–6615.
  • Neumann, J. R., C. A. Morency, and K. O. Russian. 1987. A rapid fluor diffusion assay for detection of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase activity. BioTechniques 5:444–448.
  • Nevins, J. R. 1992. E2F: a link between the Rb tumor suppressor protein and viral oncoproteins. Science 258:424–429.
  • Ogris, E., H. Rotheneder, I. Mudrak, A. Pichler, and E. Wintersberger. 1993. A binding site for transcription factor E2F is a target for trans activation of murine thymidine kinase by polyomavirus large T antigen and plays an important role in growth regulation of the gene. J. Virol. 67:1765–1771.
  • Ohtani, K., and J. R. Nevins. 1994. Functional properties of a Drosophila homolog of the E2F1 gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:1603–1612.
  • O’Shea-Greenfield, A., and S. T. Smale. 1992. Roles of TATA and initiator elements in determining the start site location and direction of RNA polymerase II transcription. J. Biol. Chem. 267:6450–6455.
  • Pascal, E., and R. Tjian. 1991. Different activation domains of Sp1 govern formation of multimers and mediate transcriptional synergism. Genes Dev. 5:1646–1656.
  • Pearson, A., and J. Greenblatt. Personal communication.
  • Pearson, B. E., H.-P. Nasheuer, and T. S.-F. Wang. 1991. Human DNA polymerase α gene: sequences controlling expression in cycling and serum-stimulated cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:2081–2095.
  • Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
  • Sardet, C., M. Vidal, D. Cobrinik, Y. Geng, C. Onufryk, A. Chen, and R. A. Weinberg. 1995. E2F-4 and E2F-5, two members of the E2F family, are expressed in the early phases of the cell cycle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:2403–2407.
  • Seto, E., B. Lewis, and T. Shenk. 1993. Interaction between transcription factors Sp1 and YY1. Nature (London) 365:462–464.
  • Seto, E., Y. Shi, and T. Shenk. 1991. YY1 is an initiator sequence-binding protein that directs and activates transcription in vitro. Nature (London) 354:241–245.
  • Slansky, J. E., Y. Li, W. G. Kaelin, and P. J. Farnham. 1993. A protein synthesis-dependent increase in E2F1 mRNA correlates with growth regulation of the dihydrofolate reductase promoter. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:1610–1618.
  • Smale, S. T., and D. Baltimore. 1989. The ’’initiator’’ as a transcription control element. Cell 57:103–113.
  • Smale, S. T., M. C. Schmidt, A. J. Berk, and D. Baltimore. 1990. Transcrip-tional activation by Sp1 as directed through TATA or initiator: specific requirement for mammalian transcription factor IID. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:4509–4513.
  • Swick, A. G., M. C. Blake, J. W. Kahn, and J. C. Azizkhan. 1989. Functional analysis of GC element binding and transcription in the hamster dihydrofo-late reductase gene promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:9291–9304.
  • Udvadia, A. J., K. T. Rogers, P. D. Higgins, Y. Murata, K. H. Martin, P. A. Humphrey, and J. M. Horowitz. 1993. Sp-1 binds promoter elements regulated by the RB protein and Sp-1-mediated transcription is stimulated by RB coexpression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:3265–3269.
  • Wade, M., M. C. Blake, R. C. Jambou, K. Helin, E. Harlow, and J. C. Azizkhan. 1995. An inverted repeat motif stabilizes binding of E2F and enhances transcription of the dihydrofolate reductase gene. J. Biol. Chem. 270:9783–9791.
  • Wagner, S., and M. R. Green. 1994. DNA-binding domains: targets for viral and cellular regulators. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 6:410–414.
  • Xu, M., K.-A. Sheppard, C.-Y. Peng, A. S. Yee, and H. Piwnica-Worms. 1994. Cyclin A/CDK2 binds directly to E2F-1 and inhibits the DNA-binding activity of E2F-1/DP-1 by phosphorylation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:8420–8431.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.