Complex Architecture of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Promoters: Reiterated Motifs and Conserved Protein-Protein Interactions

REFERENCES

• Abdulkadir, S. A., and S. J. Ono. 1995. How are class II MHC genes turned on and off? FASEB J. 9:1429–1435.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Accolla, R. S., M. D. Scupoli, C. Cambiaggi, G. Tosi, and S. Sartoris. 1991. Cell lineage-specific and developmental stage-specific controls of MHC class-II-antigen expression. Int. J. Cancer 6(Suppl.):20–25.
   Google Scholar
• Andersson, G., and B. M. Peterlin. 1990. NF-X2 that binds to the DRA X2-box is activator protein 1. Expression cloning of c-Jun. J. Immunol. 145:3456–3462.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Benoist, C., and D. Mathis. 1990. Regulation of major histocompatibility complex class-II genes: X, Y, and other letters of the alphabet. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 8:681–715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, C. H., J. D. Fontes, B. M. Peterlin, and R. A. Flavell. 1994. Class II transactivator (CIITA) is sufficient for the inducible expression of major histocompatibility complex class II genes. J. Exp. Med. 180:1367–1374.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cogswell, J. P., J. Austin, and J. P. Ting. 1991. The W element is a positive regulator of HLA-DRA transcription in various DR + cell types. J. Immunol. 146:1361–1367.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cogswell, J. P., P. V. Basta, and J. P. Ting. 1990. X-box-binding proteins positively and negatively regulate transcription of the HLA-DRA gene through interaction with discrete upstream W and V elements. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:7703–7707.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cogswell, J. P., N. Zeleznik-Le, and J. P. Ting. 1991. Transcriptional regulation of the HLA-DRA gene. Crit. Rev. Immunol. 11:87–112.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cress, W. D., and S. J. Triezenberg. 1991. Critical structural elements of the VP16 transcriptional activation domain. Science 251:87–90.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cresswell, P. 1994. Assembly, transport, and function of MHC class II molecules. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 12:259–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durand, B., M. Kobr, W. Reith, and B. Mach. 1994. Functional complementation of major histocompatibility complex class II regulatory mutants by the purified X-box-binding protein RFX. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:6839–6847.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fontes, J. D., and B. M. Peterlin. Unpublished data.
   Google Scholar
• Glimcher, L. H., and C. J. Kara. 1992. Sequences and factors: a guide to MHC class-II transcription. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 10:13–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin, G. E., K. Leung, T. M. Folks, S. Kunkel, and G. J. Nabel. 1991. Induction of NF-κB during monocyte differentiation is associated with activation of HIV-gene expression. Res. Virol. 142:233–238.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grosschedl, R. 1995. Higher-order nucleoprotein complexes in transcription: analogies with site-specific recombination. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 7:362–370.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hasegawa, S. L., and J. M. Boss. 1991. Two B cell factors bind the HLA-DRA X box region and recognize different subsets of HLA class II promoters. Nucleic Acids Res. 19:6269–6276.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hayes, S., and P. O’Hare. 1993. Mapping of a major surface-exposed site in herpes simplex virus protein Vmw65 to a region of direct interaction in a transcription complex assembly. J. Virol. 67:852–862.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jabrane-Ferrat, N., and B. M. Peterlin. 1994. Ets-1 activates the DRA promoter in B cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:7314–7321.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kappes, D., and J. L. Strominger. 1988. Human class II major histocompatibility complex genes and proteins. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 57:991–1028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kara, C. J., and L. H. Glimcher. 1991. In vivo footprinting of MHC class II genes: bare promoters in the bare lymphocyte syndrome. Science 252:709–712.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liou, H. C., M. R. Boothby, P. W. Finn, R. Davidon, N. Nabavi, N. J. Zeleznik-Le, J. P. Ting, and L. H. Glimcher. 1990. A new member of the leucine zipper class of proteins that binds to the HLA DR a promoter. Science 247:1581–1584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantovani, R., L. Tora, V. Moncollin, J. M. Egly, C. Benoist, and D. Mathis. 1993. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Eα promoter: sequences and factors at the initiation site. Nucleic Acids Res. 21:4873–4878.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moreno, C. S., P. Emery, J. E. West, B. Durand, W. Reith, B. Mach, and J. M. Boss. 1995. Purified X2 binding protein (X2BP) cooperatively binds the class II MHC X box region in the presence of purified RFX, the X box factor deficient in the bare lymphocyte syndrome. J. Immunol. 155:4313–4321.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peterlin, B. M., G. Andersson, E. Lotscher, and S. Tsang. 1990. Transcriptional regulation of HLA class-II genes. Immunol. Res. 9:164–177.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reith, W., E. Barras, S. Satola, M. Kobr, D. Reinhart, C. H. Sanchez, and B. Mach. 1989. Cloning of the major histocompatibility complex class II promoter binding protein affected in a hereditary defect in class II gene regulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:4200–4204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reith, W., C. Herrero-Sanchez, M. Kobr, P. Silacci, C. Berte, E. Barras, S. Fey, and B. Mach. 1990. MHC class II regulatory factor RFX has a novel DNA-binding domain and a functionally independent dimerization domain. Genes Dev. 4:1528–1540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reith, W., M. Kobr, P. Emery, B. Durand, C. A. Siegrist, and B. Mach. 1994. Cooperative binding between factors RFX and X2bp to the X and X2 boxes of MHC class II promoters. J. Biol. Chem. 269:20020–20025.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reith, W., C. A. Siegrist, B. Durand, E. Barras, and B. Mach. 1994. Function of major histocompatibility complex class II promoters requires cooperative binding between factors RFX and NF-Y. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:554–558.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reith, W., V. Steimle, and B. Mach. 1995. Molecular defects in the bare lymphocyte syndrome and regulation of MHC class II genes. Immunol. Today 16:539–546.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schwartz, R. H. 1985. T-lymphocyte recognition of antigen in association with gene products of the major histocompatibility complex. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 3:237–261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, R. H. 1986. Immune response (Ir) genes of the murine major histocompatibility complex. Adv. Immunol. 38:31–201.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Servenius, B., L. Rask, and P. A. Peterson. 1987. Class II genes of the human major histocompatibility complex. The DOβ gene is a divergent member of the class II β gene family. J. Biol. Chem. 262:8759–8766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro, D. J., P. A. Sharp, W. W. Wahli, and M. J. Keller. 1988. A high-efficiency HeLa cell nuclear transcription extract. DNA 7:47–55.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sherman, P. A., P. V. Basta, A. Heguy, M. K. Wloch, R. G. Roeder, and J. P. Ting. 1989. The octamer motif is a B-lymphocyte-specific regulatory element of the HLA-DRa gene promoter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:6739–6743.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Siegrist, C. A., B. Durand, P. Emery, E. David, P. Hearing, B. Mach, and W. Reith. 1993. RFX1 is identical to enhancer factor C and functions as a transactivator of the hepatitis B virus enhancer. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:6375–6384.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steimle, V., B. Durand, E. Barras, M. Zufferey, M. R. Hadam, B. Mach, and W. Reith. 1995. A novel DNA-binding regulatory factor is mutated in primary MHC class II deficiency (bare lymphocyte syndrome). Genes Dev. 9:1021–1032.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steimle, V., L. A. Otten, M. Zufferey, and B. Mach. 1993. Complementation cloning of an MHC class II transactivator mutated in hereditary MHC class II deficiency (or bare lymphocyte syndrome). Cell 75:135–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steimle, V., C. A. Siegrist, A. Mottet, B. Lisowska-Grospierre, and B. Mach. 1994. Regulation of MHC class II expression by interferon-7 mediated by the transactivator gene CIITA. Science 265:106–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stimac, E., S. Lyons, and D. Pious. 1988. Transcription of HLA class II genes in the absence of B cell-specific octamer-binding factor. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:3734–3739.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sucov, H. M., and R. M. Evans. 1995. Retinoic acid and retinoic acid receptors in development. Mol. Neurobiol. 10:169–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thanos, D., and T. Maniatis. 1995. Virus induction of human IFN β gene expression requires the assembly of an enhanceosome. Cell 83:1091–1100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treisman, R. 1995. Journey to the surface of the cell: Fos regulation and the SRE. EMBO J. 14:4905–4913.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tsang, S. Y., M. Nakanishi, and B. M. Peterlin. 1988. B cell-specific and interferon-γ-inducible regulation of the HLA-DRα gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:8598–8602.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tsang, S. Y., M. Nakanishi, and B. M. Peterlin. 1990. Mutational analysis of the DRA promoter: cis-acting sequences and trans-acting factors. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:711–719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Huijsduijnen, R. H., X. Y. Li, D. Black, H. Matthes, C. Benoist, and D. Mathis. 1990. Co-evolution from yeast to mouse: cDNA cloning of the two NF-Y (CP-1/CBF) subunits. EMBO J. 9:3119–3127.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vilen, B. J., J. P. Cogswell, and J. P.-Y. Ting. 1991. Stereospecific alignment of the X and Y elements is required for major histocompatibility complex class II DRA promoter function. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:2406–2415.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vilen, B. J., J. F. Penta, and J. P. Ting. 1992. Structural constraints within a trimeric transcriptional regulatory region. Constitutive and interferon-γ-inducible expression of the HLA-DRA gene. J. Biol. Chem. 267:23728–23734.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Viville, S., V. Jongeneel, W. Koch, R. Mantovani, C. Benoist, and D. Mathis. 1991. The E α promoter: a linker-scanning analysis. J. Immunol. 146:3211–3717.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Voliva, C. F., A. Aronheim, M. D. Walker, and B. M. Peterlin. 1992. B-cell factor 1 is required for optimal expression of the DRA promoter in B cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:2383–2390.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Voliva, C. F., N. Jabrane-Ferrat, and B. M. Peterlin. 1996. The function of the octamer binding site in the DRA promoter. Immunogenetics 43:20–26.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yu, V. C., A. M. Naar, and M. G. Rosenfeld. 1992. Transcriptional regulation by the nuclear receptor superfamily. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 3:597–602.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang, X. Y., N. Jabrane-Ferrat, C. K. Asiedu, S. Samac, B. M. Peterlin, and M. Ehrlich. 1993. The major histocompatibility complex class II promoter-binding protein RFX (NF-X) is a methylated DNA-binding protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:6810–6818.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar