Characterization of NERF, a Novel Transcription Factor Related to the Ets Factor ELF-1

REFERENCES

• Adams, M. D., M. Dubnick, A. R. Kerlavage, R. Moreno, J. M. Kelley, T. R. Utterback, J. W. Nagle, C. Fields, and J. C. Venter. 1992. Sequence identification of 2,375 human brain genes. Nature (London) 355:632–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams, M. D., J. M. Kelley, J. D. Gocayne, M. Dubnick, M. H. Polymero-poulos, H. Xiao, C. R. Merril, A. Wu, B. Olde, R. F. Moreno, et al. 1991. Complementary DNA sequencing: expressed sequence tags and human genome project. Science 252:1651–1656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aharon, T., and R. J. Schneider. 1993. Selective destabilization of short-lived mRNAs with the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor AU-rich 3′ noncoding region is mediated by a cotranslational mechanism. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:1971–1980.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Akbarali, Y., P. Oettgen, J. Boltax, and T. A. Libermann. Unpublished data.
   Google Scholar
• Altschul, S. F., W. Gish, W. Miller, E. W. Myers, and D. J. Lipman. 1990. Basic local alignment search tool. J. Mol. Biol. 215:403–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez, E., I. C. Northwood, F. A. Gonzalez, D. A. Latour, A. Seth, C. Abate, T. Curran, and R. J. Davis. 1991. Pro-Leu-Ser/Thr-Pro is a consensus for substrate protein phosphorylation: characterization of the phosphorylation of c-myc and c-jun proteins by an epidermal growth factor receptor threonine 669 protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 266:15277–15285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassuk, A. G., and J. M. Leiden. 1995. A direct physical association between ETS and AP-1 transcription factors in normal human T cells. Immunity 3:223–237.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beaudette, K. N., J. Lew, and J. H. Wang. 1993. Substrate specificity characterization of a cdc2-like protein kinase purified from bovine brain. J. Biol. Chem. 268:20825–20830.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boulukos, K. E., P. Pognonec, A. Begue, F. Galibert, J. C. Gesquiere, D. Stehelin, and J. Ghysdael. 1988. Identification in chickens of an evolution-arily conserved cellular ets-2 gene (c-ets-2) encoding nuclear proteins related to the products of the c-ets proto-oncogene. EMBO J. 7:697–705.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown, T. A., and S. L. McKnight. 1992. Specificities of protein-protein and protein-DNA interaction of GABPa and two newly defined ets-related proteins. Genes Dev. 6:2502–2512.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burtis, K. C., C. S. Thummel, C. W. Jones, F. D. Karim, and D. S. Hogness. 1990. The Drosophila 74EF early puff contains E74, a complex ecdysone-inducible gene that encodes two ets-related proteins. Cell 61:85–99.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen, J. H. 1990. Cloning, sequencing, and expression of mouse c-ets-1 cDNA in baculovirus expression system. Oncogene Res. 5:277–285.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen, T., M. Bunting, F. D. Karim, and C. S. Thummel. 1992. Isolation and characterization of five Drosophila genes that encode an ets-related DNA binding domain. Dev. Biol. 151:176–191.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clark, N. M., M. J. Smith, J. M. Hilfinger, and D. M. Markovitz. 1993. Activation of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I enhancer is mediated by binding sites for Elf-1 and the pets factor. J. Virol. 67:5522–5528.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coffer, P., J. M. de Jonge, A. Mettouchi, B. Binetruy, J. Ghysdael, and W. Kruijer. 1994. junB promoter regulation: Ras mediated transactivation by c-Ets-1 and c-Ets-2. Oncogene 9:911–921.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalton, S., and R. Treisman. 1992. Characterization of SAP-1, a protein recruited by serum response factor to the c-fos serum response element. Cell 68:597–612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delattre, O., J. Zucman, B. Plougastel, C. Desmaze, T. Melot, M. Peter, H. Kovar, I. Joubert, P. de Jong, G. Rouleau, et al. 1992. Gene fusion with an ETS DNA-binding domain caused by chromosome translocation in human tumours. Nature (London) 359:162–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dignam, J. D., R. M. Lebovitz, and R. G. Roeder. 1983. Accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in a soluble extract from isolated mammalian nuclei. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:1475–1489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dymecki, S. M., P. Zwollo, K. Zeller, F. P. Kuhajda, and S. V. Desiderio. 1992. Structure and developmental regulation of the B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase gene blk. J. Biol. Chem. 267:4815–4823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenbeis, C. F., H. Singh, and U. Storb. 1993. PU.1 is a component of a multiprotein complex which binds an essential site in the murine immunoglobulin lambda 2-4 enhancer. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:6452–6461.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ernst, P., K. Hahm, and S. T. Smale. 1993. Both LyF-1 and an Ets protein interact with a critical promoter element in the murine terminal transferase gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:2982–2992.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Farr, A., and A. Roman. 1992. A pitfall of using a second plasmid to determine transfection efficiency. Nucleic Acids Res. 20:920.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gilman, M. Z., R. N. Wilson, and R. A. Weinberg. 1986. Multiple protein-binding sites in the 5′-flanking region regulate c-fos expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:4305–4316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gitlin, S. D., R. Bosselut, A. Gegonne, J. Ghysdael, and J. N. Brady. 1991. Sequence-specific interaction of the Ets1 protein with the long terminal repeat of the human T-lymphotropic virus type I. J. Virol. 65:5513–5523.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Golub, T. R., G. F. Barker, S. K. Bohlander, S. W. Hiebert, D. C. Ward, W. P. Bray, E. Morgan, S. C. Raimondi, J. D. Rowley, and D. G. Gilliland. 1995. Fusion of the TEL gene on 12p13 to the AML1 gene on 21q22 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:4917–4921.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golub, T. R., G. F. Barker, M. Lovett, and D. G. Gilliland. 1994. Fusion of PDGF receptor beta to a novel ets-like gene, tel, in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with t(5;12) chromosomal translocation. Cell 77:307–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottschalk, L. R., D. M. Giannola, and S. G. Emerson. 1993. Molecular regulation of the human IL-3 gene: inducible T cell-restricted expression requires intact AP-1 and Elf-1 nuclear protein binding sites. J. Exp. Med. 178:1681–1692.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grant, P. A., V. Arulampalam, R. L. Ahrlund, and S. Pettersson. 1992. Identification of Ets-like lymphoid specific elements within the immunoglobulin heavy chain 3′ enhancer. Nucleic Acids Res. 20:4401–4408.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grimaldi, J. C., R. Torres, C. A. Kozak, R. Chang, E. A. Clark, M. Howard, and D. A. Cockayne. 1992. Genomic structure and chromosomal mapping of the murine CD40 gene. J. Immunol. 149:3921–3926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunther, C. V., and B. J. Graves. 1994. Identification of ETS domain proteins in murine T lymphocytes that interact with the Moloney murine leukemia virus enhancer. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:7569–7580.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hagman, J., and R. Grosschedl. 1992. An inhibitory carboxyl-terminal domain in Ets-1 and Ets-2 mediates differential binding of ETS family factors to promoter sequences of the mb-1 gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:8889–8893.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn, S. 1993. Structure and function of acidic transcription activators. Cell 72:481–483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, J., B. Richter, Z. Li, V. Kravchenko, and R. J. Ulevitch. 1995. Molecular cloning of human p38 MAP kinase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1265:224–227.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haycock, J. W., N. G. Ahn, M. H. Cobb, and E. G. Krebs. 1992. ERK1 and ERK2, two microtubule-associated protein 2 kinases, mediate the phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase at serine-31 in situ. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:2365–2369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho, I. C., N. K. Bhat, L. R. Gottschalk, T. Lindsten, C. B. Thompson, T. S. Papas, and J. M. Leiden. 1990. Sequence-specific binding of human Ets-1 to the T cell receptor alpha gene enhancer. Science 250:814–818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janknecht, R., and A. Nordheim. 1993. Gene regulation by Ets proteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1155:346–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeon, I. S., J. N. Davis, B. S. Braun, J. E. Sublett, M. F. Roussel, C. T. Denny, and D. N. Shapiro. 1995. A variant Ewing’s sarcoma translocation (7;22) fuses the EWS gene to the ETS gene ETV1. Oncogene 10:1229–1234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John, S., R. B. Reeves, J. X. Lin, R. Child, J. M. Leiden, C. B. Thompson, and W. J. Leonard. 1995. Regulation of cell-type-specific interleukin-2 receptor a-chain gene expression: potential role of physical interactions between Elf-1, HMG-I(Y), and NF-kB family proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:1786–1796.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. M., C. I. Brannan, N. G. Copeland, N. A. Jenkins, T. A. Khan, and K. W. Moore. 1992. Structure of the mouse IL-10 gene and chromosomal localization of the mouse and human genes. J. Immunol. 148:3618–3623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klambt, C. 1993. The Drosophila gene pointed encodes two ETS-like proteins which are involved in the development of the midline glial cells. Development 117:163–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klemsz, M., R. Hromas, W. Raskind, E. Bruno, and R. Hoffman. 1994. PE-1, a novel ETS oncogene family member, localizes to chromosome 1q21-q23. Genomics 20:291–294.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klemsz, M. J., and R. A. Maki. 1996. Activation of transcription by PU.1 requires both acidic and glutamine domains. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:390–397.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klemsz, M. J., S. R. McKercher, A. Celada, B. C. Van, and R. A. Maki. 1990. The macrophage and B cell-specific transcription factor PU.1 is related to the ets oncogene. Cell 61:113–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozak, M. 1987. At least six nucleotides preceding the AUG initiator codon enhance translation in mammalian cells. J. Mol. Biol. 196:947–950.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kudo, A., and F. Melchers. 1987. A second gene, VpreB in the lambda 5 locus of the mouse, which appears to be selectively expressed in pre-B lymphocytes. EMBO J. 6:2267–2272.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuenzel, E. A., J. A. Mulligan, J. Sommercorn, and E. G. Krebs. 1987. Substrate specificity determinants for casein kinase II as deduced from studies with synthetic peptides. J. Biol. Chem. 262:9136–9140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai, Z. C., and G. M. Rubin. 1992. Negative control of photoreceptor development in Drosophila by the product of the yan gene, an ETS domain protein. Cell 70:609–620.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LaMarco, K., C. C. Thompson, B. P. Byers, E. M. Walton, and S. L. McKnight. 1991. Identification of Ets- and notch-related subunits in GA binding protein. Science 253:789–792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leiden, J. M. 1993. Transcriptional regulation of T cell receptor genes. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 11:539–570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leiden, J. M., C.-Y. Wang, B. Petryniak, D. M. Markovitz, G. J. Nabel, and C. B. Thompson. 1992. A novel Ets-related transcription factor, Elf-1, binds to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 regulatory elements that are required for inducible trans activation in T cells. J. Virol. 66:5890–5897.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leung, S., S. McCracken, J. Ghysdael, and N. G. Miyamoto. 1993. Requirement of an ETS-binding element for transcription of the human lck type I promoter. Oncogene 8:989–997.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Libermann, T. A., R. Friesel, M. Jaye, R. M. Lyall, B. Westermark, W. Drohan, A. Schmidt, T. Maciag, and J. Schlessinger. 1987. An angiogenic growth factor is expressed in human glioma cells. EMBO J. 6:1627–1632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Libermann, T. A., and D. Baltimore. 1993. Pi, a pre-B-cell-specific enhancer element in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:5957–5969.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Libermann, T. A., M. Lenardo, and D. Baltimore. 1990. Involvement of a second lymphoid-specific enhancer element in the regulation of immuno-globulin heavy-chain gene expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:3155–3162.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lopez, M., P. Oettgen, Y. Akbarali, U. Dendorfer, and T. A. Libermann. 1994. ERP, a new member of the ets transcription factor/oncoprotein family: cloning, characterization, and differential expression during B-lymphocyte development. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:3292–3309.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marais, R., J. Wynne, and R. Treisman. 1993. The SRF accessory protein Elk-1 contains a growth factor-regulated transcriptional activation domain. Cell 73:381–393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marin, O., F. Meggio, G. Draetta, and L. A. Pinna. 1992. The consensus sequences for cdc2 kinase and for casein kinase-2 are mutually incompatible. A study with peptides derived from the beta-subunit of casein kinase-2. FEBS Lett. 301:111–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meggio, F., O. Marin, and L. A. Pinna. 1994. Substrate specificity of protein kinase CK2. Cell. Mol. Biol. Res. 40:401–409.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Monte, D., J. L. Baert, P. A. Defossez, Y. de Launoit, and D. Stehelin. 1994. Molecular cloning and characterization of human ERM, a new member of the Ets family closely related to mouse PEA3 and ER81 transcription factors. Oncogene 9:1397–1406.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nelsen, B., G. Tian, B. Erman, J. Gregoire, R. Maki, B. Graves, and R. Sen. 1993. Regulation of lymphoid-specific immunoglobulin mu heavy chain gene enhancer by ETS-domain proteins. Science 261:82–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nerlov, C., P. Rorth, F. Blasi, and M. Johnsen. 1991. Essential AP-1 and PEA3 binding elements in the human urokinase enhancer display cell type-specific activity. Oncogene 6:1583–1592.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oettgen, J. P., Y. Akbarali, J. Boltax, and T. A. Libermann. Unpublished data.
   Google Scholar
• Omori, S. A., and R. Wall. 1993. Multiple motifs regulate the B-cell-specific promoter of the B29 gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:11723–11727.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O’Neill, E. M., I. Rebay, R. Tjian, and G. M. Rubin. 1994. The activities of two Ets-related transcription factors required for Drosophila eye development are modulated by the Ras/MAPK pathway. Cell 78:137–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pahl, H. L., R. J. Scheibe, D. E. Zhang, H. M. Chen, D. L. Galson, R. A. Maki, and D. G. Tenen. 1993. The proto-oncogene PU.1 regulates expression of the myeloid-specific CD11b promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 268:5014–5020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panagopoulos, I., P. Aman, T. Fioretos, M. Hoglund, B. Johansson, N. Mandahl, S. Heim, M. Behrendtz, and F. Mitelman. 1994. Fusion of the FUS gene with ERG in acute myeloid leukemia with t(16;21)(p11;q22). Genes Chromosomes Cancer 11:256–262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papadopoulos, P., S. A. Ridge, C. A. Boucher, C. Stocking, and L. M. Wiedemann. 1995. The novel activation of ABL by fusion to an ets-related gene, TEL. Cancer Res. 55:34–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pongubala, J. M., S. Nagulapalli, M. J. Klemsz, S. R. McKercher, R. A. Maki, and M. L. Atchison. 1992. PU.1 recruits a second nuclear factor to a site important for immunoglobulin κ 3′ enhancer activity. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:368–378.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prasad, D. D., V. N. Rao, and E. S. Reddy. 1992. Structure and expression of human Fli-1 gene. Cancer Res. 52:5833–5837.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pribyl, L. J., D. K. Watson, M. J. McWilliams, R. Ascione, and T. S. Papas. 1988. The Drosophila ets-2 gene: molecular structure, chromosomal localization, and developmental expression. Dev. Biol. 127:45–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pribyl, L. J., D. K. Watson, R. A. Schulz, and T. S. Papas. 1991. D-elg, a member of the Drosophila ets gene family: sequence, expression and evolutionary comparison. Oncogene 6:1175–1183.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rao, V. N., K. Huebner, M. Isobe, A. Ar-Rushdi, C. M. Croce, and E. S. Reddy. 1989. elk, tissue-specific ets-related genes on chromosomes X and 14 near translocation breakpoints. Science 244:66–70.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ray, D., R. Bosselut, J. Ghysdael, M. G. Mattei, A. Tavitian, and G. F. Moreau. 1992. Characterization of Spi-B, a transcription factor related to the putative oncoprotein Spi-1/PU.1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:4297–4304.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raymond, V., J. A. Atwater, and I. M. Verma. 1989. Removal of an mRNA destabilizing element correlates with the increased oncogenicity of proto-oncogene fos. Oncogene Res. 5:1–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rebay, I., and G. M. Rubin. 1995. Yan functions as a general inhibitor of differentiation and is negatively regulated by activation of the Ras1/MAPK pathway. Cell 81:857–866.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reddy, E. S., and V. N. Rao. 1988. Structure, expression and alternative splicing of the human c-ets-1 proto-oncogene. Oncogene Res. 3:239–246.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reddy, E. S., V. N. Rao, and T. S. Papas. 1987. The erg gene: a human gene related to the ets oncogene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:6131–6135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savant, B. S., and D. W. Cleveland. 1992. Evidence for instability of mRNAs containing AUUUA motifs mediated through translation-dependent assembly of a > 20S degradation complex. Genes Dev. 6:1927–1939.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seipel, K., O. Georgiev, and W. Schaffner. 1992. Different activation domains stimulate transcription from remote (‘enhancer’) and proximal (‘promoter’) positions. EMBO J. 11:4961–4968.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Songyang, Z., S. Blechner, N. Hoagland, M. F. Hoekstra, W. H. Piwnica, and L. C. Cantley. 1994. Use of an oriented peptide library to determine the optimal substrates of protein kinases. Curr. Biol. 4:973–982.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, C. B., C. Y. Wang, I. C. Ho, P. R. Bohjanen, B. Petryniak, C. H. June, S. Miesfeldt, L. Zhang, G. J. Nabel, B. Karpinski, and J. M. Leiden. 1992. cis-acting sequences required for inducible interleukin-2 enhancer function bind a novel Ets-related protein, Elf-1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:1043–1053.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thompson, C. C., T. A. Brown, and S. L. McKnight. 1991. Convergence of Ets- and notch-related structural motifs in a heteromeric DNA binding complex. Science 253:762–768.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchiumi, F., K. Semba, Y. Yamanashi, J.-I. Fujisawa, M. Yoshida, K. Inoue, K. Toyoshima, and T. Yamamoto. 1992. Characterization of the promoter region of the src family gene lyn and its trans activation by human T-cell leukemia virus type I-encoded p40tax. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:3784–3795.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Urness, L. D., and C. S. Thummel. 1990. Molecular interactions within the ecdysone regulatory hierarchy: DNA binding properties of the Drosophila ecdysone-inducible E74A protein. Cell 63:47–61.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Dam, D. H., D. Wilhelm, I. Herr, A. Steffen, P. Herrlich, and P. Angel. 1995. ATF-2 is preferentially activated by stress-activated protein kinases to mediate c-jun induction in response to genotoxic agents. EMBO J. 14:1798–1811.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C. Y., A. G. Bassuk, L. H. Boise, C. B. Thompson, R. Bravo, and J. M. Leiden. 1994. Activation of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promoter in T cells requires cooperative binding of Elf-1 and AP-1 transcription factors. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:1153–1159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C. Y., B. Petryniak, I. C. Ho, C. B. Thompson, and J. M. Leiden. 1992. Evolutionary conserved Ets family members display distinct DNA binding specificities. J. Exp. Med. 175:1391–1399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C. Y., B. Petryniak, C. B. Thompson, W. G. Kaelin, and J. M. Leiden. 1993. Regulation of the Ets-related transcription factor Elf-1 by binding to the retinoblastoma protein. Science 260:1330–1335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasylyk, B., S. L. Hahn, and A. Giovane. 1993. The Ets family of transcription factors. Eur. J. Biochem. 211:7–18.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wasylyk, B., C. Wasylyk, P. Flores, A. Begue, D. Leprince, and D. Stehelin. 1990. The c-ets proto-oncogenes encode transcription factors that cooperate with c-Fos and c-Jun for transcriptional activation. Nature (London) 346:191–193.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wasylyk, C., A. Gutman, R. Nicholson, and B. Wasylyk. 1991. The c-Ets oncoprotein activates the stromelysin promoter through the same elements as several non-nuclear oncoproteins. EMBO J. 10:1127–1134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe, H., J. Sawada, K. Yano, K. Yamaguchi, M. Goto, and H. Handa. 1993. cDNA cloning of transcription factor E4TF1 subunits with Ets and notch motifs. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:1385–1391.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Watson, D. K., M. J. McWilliams, P. Lapis, J. A. Lautenberger, C. W. Schweinfest, and T. S. Papas. 1988. Mammalian ets-1 and ets-2 genes encode highly conserved proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:7862–7866.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weintraub, S. J., K. N. Chow, R. X. Luo, S. H. Zhang, S. He, and D. C. Dean. 1995. Mechanism of active transcriptional repression by the retinoblastoma protein. Nature (London) 375:812–815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wurster, A. L., G. Siu, J. M. Leiden, and S. M. Hedrick. 1994. Elf-1 binds to a critical element in a second CD4 enhancer. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:6452–6463. (Erratum, 14:8493.)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xin, J. H., A. Cowie, P. Lachance, and J. A. Hassell. 1992. Molecular cloning and characterization of PEA3, a new member of the Ets oncogene family that is differentially expressed in mouse embryonic cells. Genes Dev. 6:481–496.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zucman, J., T. Melot, C. Desmaze, J. Ghysdael, B. Plougastel, M. Peter, J. M. Zucker, T. J. Triche, D. Sheer, C. C. Turc, et al. 1993. Combinatorial generation of variable fusion proteins in the Ewing family of tumours. EMBO J. 12:4481–4487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar