Thrombopoietin-Induced Differentiation of a Human Megakaryoblastic Leukemia Cell Line, CMK, Involves Transcriptional Activation of p21^WAF1/Cip1 by STAT5

REFERENCES

• Biggs, J. R., J. E. Kudlow, and A. S. Kraft. 1996. The role of the transcription factor Sp1 in regulating the expression of the WAF1/CIP1 gene in U937 leukemia cells. J. Biol. Chem. 271:901–906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloch, A. 1993. Dynamics of interaction between DNA-specific antitumor agents and serum-contained cytokines in the initiation of ML-1 human myeloblastic leukemia cell differentiation. Leukemia 7:1219–1224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brugarolas, J., C. Chandrasekaran, J. I. Gordon, D. Beach, T. Jacks, and G. J. Hannon. 1995. Radiation-induced cell cycle arrest compromised by p21 deficiency. Nature (London) 377:552–557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, F. K. M., J. Zhang, L. Cheng, D. N. Shapiro, and A. Winoto. 1995. Identification of human/mouse p19, a novel CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitor with homology to p16ink4. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:2682–2688.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, J., P. K. Jackson, M. W. Kirschner, and A. Dutta. 1995. Separate domains of p21 involved in the inhibition of Cdk kinase and PCNA. Nature (London) 374:386–388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chin, Y. E., M. Kitagawa, W. S. Su, Z. H. You, Y. Iwamoto, and X. Y. Fu. 1996. Cell growth arrest and induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 mediated by STAT1. Science 272:719–722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Datto, M. B., Y. Li, J. F. Panus, D. J. Howe, Y. Xiong, and X.-F. Wang. 1995. Transforming growth factor β induces the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 through a p53-independent mechanism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:5545–5549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Sauvage, F. J., P. E. Hass, S. D. Spencer, B. E. Malloy, A. L. Gurney, S. A. Spencer, W. C. Darbonne, W. J. Henzel, S. C. Wong, W. Kuang, K. J. Oles, B. Hultgen, L. A. Sonberg, Jr., D. V. Goeddel, and D. L. Eaton. 1994. Stimulation of megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis by the c-mpl li-gand. Nature (London) 369:533–538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Sauvage, F. J., K. Carver-Moore, S. M. Luoh, A. Ryan, M. Dowd, D. L. Eaton, and M. W. Moore. 1996. Physiological regulation of early and late stages of megakaryopoiesis by thrombopoietin. J. Exp. Med. 183:651–656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng, C., P. Zhang, J. W. Harper, S. J. Elledge, and P. Leder. 1995. Mice lacking p21cip1/waf1 undergo normal development, but are defective in G1 checkpoint control. Cell 82:675–684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Deiry, W. S., T. Tokino, V. E. Velculescu, D. B. Levy, R. Parsons, J. M. Trent, D. Lin, W. E. Mercer, K. W. Kinzler, and B. Vogelstein. 1993. WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression. Cell 75:817–825.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Deiry, W. S., J. W. Harper, P. M. O’Connor, V. E. Velculescu, C. E. Canman, J. J. Jackman, J. A. Pietenpol, M. Burrell, D. E. Hill, Y. Wang, K. G. Wiman, W. E. Mercer, M. B. Kastan, K. W. Kohn, S. J. Elledge, K. W. Kinzler, and B. Vogelstein. 1994. WAF1/CIP1 is induced in p53-mediated G1 arrest and apoptosis. Cancer Res. 54:1169–1174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farese, A. M., P. Hunt, T. Boone, and T. J. MacVittie. 1995. Recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor stimulates thrombopoiesis in normal nonhuman primates. Blood 85:54–59.
   Google Scholar
• Garcia, P., and C. Cales. 1996. Endoreplication in megakaryoblastic cell lines is accompanied by sustained expression of G1/S cyclins and downregu-lation of cdc25C. Oncogene 13:695–703.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gouileux, F., C. Pallard, I. Dusanter-Fourt, H. Wakao, L.-A. Haldosen, G. Norstedt, D. Levy, and B. Groner. 1995. Prolactin, growth hormone, erythropoietin and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor induce MGF-Stat5 DNA binding activity. EMBO J. 14:2005–2013.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gu, Y., C. W. Turek, and D. O. Morgan. 1993. Inhibition of CDK2 activity in vivo by an associated 20K regulatory subunit. Nature (London) 366:707–710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guadagno, T. M., and J. W. Newport. 1996. Cdk2 kinase is required for entry into mitosis as a positive regulator of cdc2-cyclin B kinase activity. Cell 84:73–82.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guan, K.-L., C. W. Jenkins, Y. Li, M. A. Nichols, X. Wu, C. L. O’Keefe, A. G. Matera, and Y. Xiong. 1994. Growth suppression by p18, a p16INK4/MTS1-and p14INK4B/MTS2-related CDK6 inhibitor, correlates with wild-type Rb function. Genes Dev. 8:2939–2952.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurney, A. L., K. Carver-Moore, F. J. Sauvage, and M. W. Moore. 1994. Thrombocytopenia in c-mpl-deficient mice. Science 265:1445–1447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurney, A. L., S. C. Wong, W. J. Henzel, and F. J. Sauvage. 1995. Distinct regions of c-mpl cytoplasmic domain are coupled to the JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway and Shc phosphorylation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:5292–5296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halevy, O., B. G. Novitch, D. B. Spicer, S. X. Skapek, J. Rhee, G. J. Hannon, D. Beach, and A. B. Lassar. 1995. Correlation of terminal cell cycle arrest of skeletal muscle with induction of p21 by MyoD. Science 267:1018–1021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannon, G. J., and D. Beach. 1994. p15ink4b is a potential effector of TGFβinduced cell cycle arrest. Nature (London) 371:257–261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper, J. W., G. R. Adami, N. Wei, K. Keyomarsi, and S. J. Elledge. 1993. The p21 Cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases. Cell 75:805–816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirai, H., M. F. Roussel, J. Kato, R. A. Ashmun, and C. J. Sherr. 1995. Novel INK4 proteins, p19 and p18, are specific inhibitors of cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:2672–2681.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ihle, J. N. 1995. Cytokine receptor signaling. Nature (London) 377:591–594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ihle, J. N. 1996. Signal transducers and activators of transfection. Cell 84:331–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, H., J. Lin, Z. Su, F. R. Collart, E. Huberman, and P. B. Fisher. 1994. Induction of differentiation in human promyelocytic HL-60 leukemia cells activates p21, WAF1/CIP1, expression in the absence of p53. Oncogene 9:3397–3406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, P., S. Chung, and S. Benchimol. 1993. Growth suppression of Friend virus-transformed erythroleukemia cells by p53 protein is accompanied by hemoglobin production and is sensitive to erythropoietin. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:1456–1463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaushansky, K. 1995. Thrombopoietin: the primary regulator of platelet production. Blood 86:419–431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaushansky, K., S. Lok, R. D. Holly, V. C. Broudy, N. Lin, M. C. Bailey, J. W. Forstrom, M. M. Buddle, P. J. Oort, F. S. Hagen, G. J. Roth, T. Papayan-nopoulou, and D. C. Foster. 1994. Promotion of megakaryocyte progenitor expansion and differentiation by the c-mpl ligand thrombopoietin. Nature (London) 369:568–571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, M.-H., I. Reynisdottir, and J. Massague. 1995. Cloning of p57KIP2, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor with unique domain structure and tissue distribution. Genes Dev. 9:639–649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lew, D. J., T. Decker, I. Strehlow, and J. E. Darnell. 1991. Overlapping elements in the guanylate-binding protein gene promoter mediate transcriptional induction by alpha and gamma interferons. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:182–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lie, M., M. Lee, M. Cohen, M. Bommakanti, and L. P. Freedman. 1996. Transcriptional activation of Cdk inhibitor p21 by vitamin D3 leads to the induced differentiation of the myelomonocytic cell line U937. Genes Dev. 10:142–153.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luo, Y., J. Hurwitz, and J. Massague. 1995. Cell-cycle inhibition by independent CDK and PCNA binding domains in p21Cip1. Nature (London) 375:159–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macleod, K. F., N. Sherry, G. Hannon, D. Beach, T. Tokino, K. Kinzler, B. Vogelstein, and T. Jacks. 1995. p53-dependent and independent expression of p21 during cell growth, differentiation, and DNA damage. Genes Dev. 9:935–944.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumura, I., Y. Kanakura, T. Kato, H. Ikeda, J. Ishikawa, Y. Horikawa, K. Hashimoto, Y. Moriyama, T. Tsujimura, T. Nishiura, H. Miyazaki, and Y. Matauzawa. 1995. Growth response of acute myeloblastic leukemia cells to recombinant human thrombopoietin. Blood 86:703–709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumura, I., Y. Kanakura, T. Kato, H. Ikeda, Y. Horikawa, J. Ishikawa, H. Kitayama, T. Nishiura, Y. Tomiyama, H. Miyazaki, and Y. Matsuzawa. 1996. The biological properties of recombinant Human thrombopoietin in the proliferation and megakaryocytic differentiation of acute myeloblastic leukemia cells. Blood 88:3074–3082.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuoka, S., M. C. Edwards, C. Bai, S. Parker, P. Zhang, A. Baldini, J. W. Harper, and S. J. Elledge. 1995. p57KIP2, a structurally distinct member of the p21CIP1 Cdk inhibitor family, is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. Genes Dev. 9:650–662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michieli, P., M. Chedid, D. Lin, J. H. Pierce, W. E. Mercer, and D. Givol. 1994. Induction of WAF1/CIP1 by a p53-independent pathway. Cancer Res. 54:3391–3395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Missero, C., E. Calautti, R. Eckner, J. Chin, L. Tsai, D. M. Livingston, and G. P. Dotto. 1995. Involvement of the cell-cycle inhibitor Cip1/WAF1 and the E1A-associated protein in terminal differentiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:5451–5455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morella, K. K., E. Bruno, S. Kumaki, C. Lai, J. Fu, H. Wang, L. Murray, R. Hoffman, M. Timour, L. Benit, S. Gisselbrecht, H. Zhuang, D. M. Woj-chowski, H. Baumann, and D. P. Gearing. 1995. Signal transduction by the receptors for thrombopoietin (c-mpl) and interleukin-3 in hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell. Blood 86:557–571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mu, S. X., M. Xia, G. Elliott, J. Bogenberger, S. Swift, L. Bennett, D. L. Lappinga, R. Hecht, R. Lee, and C. J. M. Saris. 1995. Megakaryocyte growth and development factor and interleukin-3 induce patterns of protein-ty-rosine phosphorylation that correlate with dominant differentiation over proliferation of mpl-transfected 32D cells. Blood 86:4532–4543.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakajima, K., T. Kusafuka, T. Takeda, Y. Fujitani, K. Nakae, and T. Hirano. 1993. Identification of a novel interleukin-6 response element containing an Ets-binding site and a CRE-like site in the junB promoter. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:3027–3041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakajima, K., Y. Yamanaka, K. Nakae, H. Kojima, M. Ichiba, N. Kiuchi, T. Kitaoka, T. Fukada, M. Hibi, and T. Hirano. 1996. A central role for Stat3 in IL-6-induced regulation of growth and differentiation in M1 leukemia cells. EMBO J. 15:3651–3658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakanishi, M., R. S. Robetorye, G. R. Adami, O. M. Pereira-Smith, and J. R. Smith. 1995. Identification of the active region of the DNA synthesis inhibitory gene p21Sdi1/CIP1/WAF1. EMBO J. 14:555–563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noda, A. Y., Y. Ning, S. F. Venable, O. M. Pereira-Smith, and J. R. Smith. 1994. Cloning of senescent cell-derived inhibitors of DNA synthesis using an expression screen. Exp. Cell Res. 211:90–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pallard, C., F. Gouilleux, L. Benit, L. Cocault, M. Souyri, D. Levy, B. Groner, S. Gisselbrecht, and I. Dusanter-Fourt. 1995. Thrombopoietin activates a STAT5-like factor in hematopoietic cells. EMBO J. 14:2847–2856.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, S. B., G. Eichele, P. Zhang, A. Rawls, A. T. Sands, A. Bradley, E. N. Olson, J. W. Harper, and S. J. Elledge. 1995. p53-independent expression of p21Cip1 in muscle and other terminally differentiating cells. Science 267:1024–1027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polyak, K., M.-H. Lee, H. Erdjument-Bromage, A. Koff, J. M. Roberts, P. Tempst, and J. Massague. 1994. Cloning of p27Kip1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and a potential mediator of extracellular antimitogenic signals. Cell 78:59–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porteu, F., M. Rouyez, L. Cocault, L. Benit, M. Charon, F. Picaro, S. Gis-selbrecht, M. Souyri, and I. Dusanter-Fourt. 1996. Functional regions of the mouse thrombopoietin receptor cytoplasmic domain: evidence for a critical region which is involved in differentiation and can be complemented by erythropoietin. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:2473–2482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadowski, H. B., and M. Z. Gilman. 1993. Cell-free activation of a DNA-binding protein by epidermal growth factor. Nature (London) 362:79–83.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sato, T., A. Fuse, M. Eguchi, Y. Hayashi, R. Ryo, M. Adachi, Y. Kishimoto, M. Teramura, H. Mizoguchi, Y. Shima, I. Komori, S. Sunami, Y. Okimoto, and H. Nakajima. 1989. Establishment of a human leukemic cell line (CMK) with megakaryocytic characteristics from a Down’s syndrome patient with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Br. J. Haematol. 72:184–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwaller, J., H. P. Koeffler, G. Niklaus, P. Loetscher, S. Nagel, M. F. Fey, and A. Tobler. 1995. Posttranscriptional stabilization underlies p53-indepen-dent induction of p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1 in differentiating human leukemic cells. J. Clin. Invest. 95:973–979.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Serrano, M., G. J. Hannon, and D. Beach. 1993. A new regulatory motif in cell cycle control causing specific inhibition of cyclin D/cdk4. Nature 366:704–707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherr, C. J., and J. M. Roberts. 1995. Inhibitors of mammalian G1 cyclin-dependent kinases. Genes Dev. 9:1149–1163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugahara, H., Y. Kanakura, T. Furitsu, K. Ishihara, K. Oritani, H. Ikeda, H. Kitayama, J. Ishikawa, K. Hashimoto, Y. Kanayama, and Y. Matsuzawa. 1994. Induction of programmed cell death in human hematopoietic cell lines by fibronectin via its interaction with very late antigen 5. J. Exp. Med. 179:1757–1766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugimoto, K., H. Toyoshima, R. Sakai, K. Miyagawa, K. Hagiwara, F. Ish-ikawa, F. Takaku, Y. Yazaki, and H. Hirai. 1992. Frequent mutations in the p53 gene in human myeloid leukemia cell lines. Blood 79:2378–2383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toyoshima, H., and T. Hunter. 1994. p27, a novel inhibitor of G1 cyclin-cdk protein kinase activity, is related to p21. Cell 78:67–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vigon, I., J. P. Mornon, L. Cocault, M. T. Mitjavila, P. Tambourin, S. Gisselbrecht, and M. Souyri. 1992. Molecular cloning and characterization of MPL, the human homologue of v-mpl oncogene: Identification of a member of the hematopoietic growth factor receptor superfamily. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:5640–5644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waga, S., G. J. Hannon, D. Beach, and B. Stillman. 1994. The p21 inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases control DNA replication by interaction with PCNA. Nature (London) 369:574–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagenka, U. M., J. Buschmann, C. Lutticken, P. C. Heinrich, and F. Horn. 1993. Acute-phase response factor, a nuclear factor binding to acute-phase response elements, is rapidly activated by interleukin-6 at the posttransla-tional level. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:276–288.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wakao, H., N. Harada, T. Kitamura, A. L.-F. Mui, and A. Miyajima. 1995. Interleukin 2 and erythropoietin activate STAT5/MGF via distinct pathways. EMBO J. 14:2527–2535.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yamanaka, Y., K. Nakajima, T. Fukada, M. Hibi, and T. Hirano. 1996. Differentiation and growth arrest signals are generated through the cytoplas-mic region of gp130 that is essential for STAT3 activation. EMBO J. 15:1557–1565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar