A Conserved Tissue-Specific Structure at a Human T-Cell Receptor β-Chain Core Promoter

REFERENCES

• Anderson, S. J., H. S. Chou, and D. Y. Loh. 1988. A conserved sequence in the T-cell receptor β-chain promoter region. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:3551–3554.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anderson, S. J., S. Miyake, and D. Y. Loh. 1989. Transcription from a murine T-cell receptor Vβ promoter depends on a conserved decamer motif similar to the cyclic AMP response element. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:4835–4845.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Artandi, S. E., C. Cooper, A. Shrivastava, and K. Calame. 1994. The basic helix-loop-helix-zipper domain of TFE3 mediates enhancer-promoter interaction. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:7704–7716.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Banerji, J., L. Olson, and W. Schaffner. 1983. A lymphocyte-specific cellular enhancer is located downstream of the joining region in immunoglobulin heavy chain genes. Cell 33:729–740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhat, N. K., C. B. Thompson, T. Lindsten, C. H. June, S. Fujiwara, S. Koizumi, R. J. Fisher, and T. S. Papas. 1990. Reciprocal expression of human ETS1 and ETS2 genes during T-cell activation: regulatory role for the protooncogene ETS1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:3723–3727.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bhat, N. K., K. L. Komschlies, S. Fujiwara, R. J. Fisher, B. J. Mathieson, T. A. Gregorio, H. A. Young, J. W. Kasik, K. Ozato, and T. S. Papas. 1989. Expression of ets genes in mouse thymocyte subsets and T cells. J. Immunol. 142:672–678.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clausell, A., and P. W. Tucker. 1994. Functional analysis of the Vγ3 promoter of the murine γδ T-cell receptor. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:803–814.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clevers, H., N. Lonberg, S. Dunlap, E. Lacy, and C. Terhorst. 1989. An enhancer located in a CpG-island 3′ to the TCR/CD3-epsilon gene confers T lymphocyte-specificity to its promoter. EMBO J. 8:2527–2535.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clevers, H. C., and R. Grosschedl. 1996. Transcriptional control of lymphoid development: lessons from gene targeting. Immunol. Today 17:336–343.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davis, J. N., and M. F. Roussel. 1996. Cloning and expression of the murine Elf-1 cDNA. Gene 171:265–269.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Diamond, D. J., F. B. Nelson, and E. L. Reinherz. 1989. Lineage-specific expression of a T cell receptor variable gene promoter controlled by upstream sequences. J. Exp. Med. 169:1213–1231.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dunn, T. L., L. Mynett-Johnson, E. M. Wright, B. M. Hosking, P. A. Koopman, and G. E. O. Muscat. 1995. Sequence and expression of Sox-18 encoding a new HMG-box transcription factor. Gene 161:223–225.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dynan, W. S., and R. Tjian. 1983. The promoter-specific transcription factor Sp1 binds to upstream sequences in the SV40 early promoter. Cell 35:79–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franke, S., G. Scholz, and C. Scheidereit. 1994. Identification of novel ubiquitous and cell type-specific factors that specifically recognize immunoglobulin heavy chain and kappa light chain promoters. J. Biol. Chem. 269:20075–20082.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Franklin, G. C., G. I. Adam, S. J. Miller, C. L. Moncrieff, E. Ulleras, and R. Ohlsson. 1995. An Inr-containing sequence flanking the TATA box of the human c-sis (PDGF-B) proto-oncogene promoter functions in cis as a co-activator for its intronic enhancer. Oncogene 11:1873–1884.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Georgopoulos, K., B. A. Morgan, and D. D. Moore. 1992. Functionally distinct isoforms of the CRE-BP DNA-binding protein mediate activity of a T-cell-specific enhancer. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:747–757.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Georgopoulos, K., D. D. Moore, and B. Derfler. 1992. Ikaros an early T cell restricted transcription factor: a putative mediator for T cell commitment. Science 258:808–812.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Georgopoulos, K., P. van den Elsen, E. Bier, A. Maxam, and C. Terhorst. 1988. A T cell-specific enhancer is located in a DNase I-hypersensitive area at the 3′ end of the CD3-delta gene. EMBO J. 7:2401–2407.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Giese, K., J. Cox, and R. Grosschedl. 1992. The HMG domain of lymphoid enhancer factor 1 bends DNA and facilitates assembly of functional nucleo-protein structures. Cell 69:185–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giese, K., C. Kingsley, J. R. Kirshner, and R. Grosschedl. 1995. Assembly and function of a TCR alpha enhancer complex is dependent on LEF-1-induced DNA bending and multiple protein-protein interactions. Genes Dev. 9:995–1008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez, G. A., and M. R. Montminy. 1989. Cyclic AMP stimulates soma-tostatin gene transcription by phosphorylation of CREB at serine 133. Cell 59:675–680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottschalk, L. R., and J. M. Leiden. 1990. Identification and functional characterization of the human T-cell receptor β-gene transcriptional enhancer: common nuclear proteins interact with the transcriptional regulatory elements of the T-cell receptor α and β genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:5486–5495.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Graves, B. J., M. E. Gillespie, and L. P. McIntosh. 1996. DNAbinding bythe ETS domain. Nature 384:322.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hagen, G., S. Muller, M. Beato, and G. Suske. 1992. Cloning by recognition site screening of two novel GT box binding proteins: a family of Sp1 related genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 20:5519–5525.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hagen, G., S. Muller, M. Beato, G. Suske. 1994. Sp1-mediated transcrip-tional activation is repressed by Sp3. EMBO J. 13:3843–3851.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Halle, J.-P., G. Stelzer, A. Goppelt, and M. Meisterernst. 1995. Activation of transcription by recombinant upstream stimulatory factor 1 is mediated by a novel positive cofactor. J. Biol. Chem. 270:21307–21311.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Halle, J.-P., P. Haus-Seuffert, C. Woltering, and M. Meisterernst. Unpublished data.
   Google Scholar
• Henderson, A. J., S. McDougall, J. Leiden, and K. L. Calame. 1994. GATA elements are necessary for the activity and tissue specificity of the T-cell receptor beta-chain transcriptional enhancer. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:4286–4294.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hettmann, T., and A. Cohen. 1994. Identification of a T cell-specific transcriptional enhancer 3′ of the human T cell receptor gamma locus. Mol. Immunol. 31:315–322.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hiebert, S. W., W. Sun, J. N. Davis, T. Golub, S. Shurtleff, A. Buijs, J. R. Downing, G. Grosveld, M. F. Roussell, D. G. Gilliland, N. Lenny, and S. Meyers. 1996. The t(12;21) translocation converts AML-1B from an activator to a repressor of transcription. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:1349–1355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho, I.-C., L.-H. Yang, G. Morle, and J. M. Leiden. 1989. A T-cell-specific transcriptional enhancer element 3′ of C alpha in the human T-cell receptor alpha locus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:6714–6718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holstege, F. C., D. Tantin, M. Carey, P. C. van der Vliet, and H. T. Timmers. 1995. The requirement for the basal transcription factor IIE is determined by the helical stability of promoter DNA. EMBO J. 14:810–819.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javahery, R., A. Khachi, K. Lo, B. Zenzie-Gregory, and S. T. Smale. 1994. DNA sequence requirements for transcription initiator activity in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:116–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, S.-W., A. R. Shepard, and N. L. Eberhardt. 1995. An initiator element is required for maximal human chorionic somatomammotropin gene promoter and enhancer function. J. Biol. Chem. 270:3683–3692.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jonsen, M. D., J. M. Petersen, Q.-P. Xu, and B. J. Graves. 1996. Characterization of the cooperative function of inhibitory sequences in Ets-1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:2065–2073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kekule, A. S., U. Lauer, L. Weiss, B. Luber, and P. H. Hofschneider. 1993. Hepatitis B virus transactivator HBx uses a tumour promoter signalling pathway. Nature 361:742–745.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kingsley, C., and A. Winoto. 1992. Cloning of GT box-binding proteins: a novel Sp1 multigene family regulating T-cell receptor gene expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:4251–4261.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krimpenfort, P., R. de Jong, Y. Uematsu, Z. Dembic, S. Ryser, H. von Boehmer, M. Steinmetz, and A. Berns. 1988. Transcription of the T cell receptor β-chain gene is controlled by a downstream regulatory element. EMBO J. 7:745–750.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee, M.-R., C.-S. Chung, M.-L. Liou, M. Wu, W.-F. Li, Y.-P. Hsueh, and M.-Z. Lai. 1992. Isolation and characterization of nuclear proteins that bind to T cell receptor Vβ decamer motif. J. Immunol. 148:1906–1912.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leiden, J. M. 1993. Transcription regulation of T cell receptor genes. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 11:539–570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, R., J. D. Knight, S. P. Jackson, R. Tjian, and M. R. Botchan. 1991. Direct interaction between Sp1 and BPV enhancer E2 protein mediates synergistic activation of transcription. Cell 65:493–505.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Manzano-Winkler, B., C. D. Novina, and A. L. Roy. 1996. TFII-I is required for transcription of the naturally TATA-less but initiator-containing Vβ promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 271:12076–12081.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marine, J., and A. Winoto. 1991. The human enhancer-binding protein Gata3 binds to several T-cell receptor regulatory elements. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:7284–7288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maroulakou, I. G., T. S. Papas, and J. E. Green. 1994. Differential expression of ets-1 and ets-2 proto-oncogenes during murine embryogenesis. Oncogene 9:1551–1565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mastrangelo, I. A., A. J. Courey, J. S. Wall, S. P. Jackson, and P. V. C. Hough. 1991. DNA looping and Sp1 multimer links: a mechanism for transcriptional synergism and enhancement. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA88:5670–5674.
   Google Scholar
• McDougall, S., C. L. Peterson, and K. Calame. 1988. A transcriptional enhancer 3′ of Cβ2 in the T cell receptor β locus. Science 241:205–241.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meisterernst, M., A. L. Roy, H. M. Lieu, and R. G. Roeder. 1991. Activation of class II gene transcription by regulatory factors is potentiated by a novel activity. Cell 66:981–993.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Messier, H., J. Ratanavongsiri, T. Fuller, S. Mangai, P. Kilgannon, R. Fotedar, and A. Fotedar. 1992. Mapping of an inducible element in the T cell receptor Vβ 2 promoter. J. Immunol. 149:1980–1986.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moinar, A., and K. Georgopoulos. 1994. The Ikaros gene encodes a family of functionally diverse zinc finger DNA-binding proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:8292–8303.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nucifora, G., and J. D. Rowley. 1995. AML1 and the 8;21 and 3;21 translocations in acute and chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 86:1–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nye, J. A., J. M. Petersen, C. V. Gunther, M. D. Jonsen, and B. J. Graves. 1992. Interaction of murine ets-1 with GGA-binding sites establishes the ETS domain as a new DNA-binding motif. Genes Dev. 6:975–990.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogawa, E., M. Maruyama, H. Kagoshima, M. Inuzuka, J. Lu, M. Satake, K. Shigesada, and Y. Ito. 1993. PEBP2/PEA2 represents a family of transcription factors homologous to the products of the Drosophila runt gene and the human AML1 gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:6859–6863.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orphanides, G., T. Lagrange, and D. Reinberg. 1996. The general transcription factors of RNA polymerase II. Genes Dev. 10:2657–2683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pascal, E., and R. Tjian. 1991. Different activation domains of Sp1 govern formation of multimers and mediate transcriptional synergism. Genes Dev. 5:1646–1656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pognonec, P., K. E. Boulukos, J. C. Gesquiere, D. Stehelin, and J. Ghysdael. 1988. Mitogenic stimulation of thymocytes results in the calcium-dependent phosphorylation of c-ets-1 proteins. EMBO J. 7:977–983.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prosser, H. M., D. Wotton, A. Gegonne, J. Ghysdael, S. Wang, N. A. Speck, and M. J. Owen. 1992. A phorbol ester element within the human T-cell receptor β-chain enhancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:9934–9938.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ptashne, M. 1986. Gene regulation by proteins acting nearby and at a distance. Nature 322:697–701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Punturieri, A., Y. Shirakata, C. Bovolenta, G. Kikuchi, and J. E. Colignan. 1993. Multiple cis-acting elements are required for proper transcription of the mouse V delta 1 T cell receptor promoter. J. Immunol. 150:139–150.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rowen, L., B. F. Koop, and L. Hood. 1996. The complete 685-kilobase DNA sequence of the human beta T cell receptor locus. Science 272:1755–1762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royer, H. D., and E. L. Reinherz. 1987. Multiple nuclear proteins bind upstream sequences in the promoter region of a T-cell receptor beta-chain variable-region gene: evidence for tissue specificity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:232–236.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saffer, J. D., S. P. Jackson, and M. B. Annarella. 1991. Developmental expression of Sp1 in the mouse. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:2189–2199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salmon, P., A. Giovane, B. Wasylyk, and D. Klatzmann. 1993. Characterization of the human CD4 gene promoter: transcription from the CD4 gene core promoter is tissue-specific and is activated by Ets proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:7739–7743.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
   Google Scholar
• Sawada, S., and D. R. Littman. 1991. Identification and characterization of a T-cell-specific enhancer adjacent to the murine CD4 gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:5506–5515.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sheridan, P. L., C. T. Sheline, K. Cannon, M. L. Voz, M. J. Pazin, J. T. Kadonaga, and K. A. Jones. 1995. Activation of the HIV-1 enhancer by the LEF-1 HMG protein on nucleosome-assembled DNA in vitro. Genes Dev. 9:2090–2104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siu, G., E. C. Strauss, E. Lai, and L. E. Hood. 1986. Analysis of a human Vβ gene subfamily. J. Exp. Med. 164:1600–1614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjottem, E., S. Anderssen, and T. Johansen. 1996. The promoter activity of long terminal repeats of the HERV-H family of human retrovirus-like elements is critically dependent on Sp1 family proteins interacting with a GC/GT box located immediately 3′ to the TATA box. J. Virol. 70:188–198.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Slasky, J. E., Y. Li, W. G. Kaelin, and P. J. Farnham. 1993. A protein synthesis-dependent increase in E2F1 mRNA correlates with growth regulation of the dihydrofolate reductase promoter. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:1610–1618.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Slightom, J. L., D. R. Siemieniak, L. C. Sieu, B. F. Koop, and L. Hood. 1994. Nucleotide sequence analysis of 77.7 kb of the human Vβ T-cell receptor gene locus: direct primer-walking using cosmid template DNAs. Genomics 20:149–168.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stelzer, G., A. Goppelt, F. Lottspeich, and M. Meisterernst. 1994. Basal repression by HMG2 is counteracted by TFIIH-associated factors in an ATP-dependent process. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:4712–4721.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Su, W., S. Jackson, R. Tjian, and H. Echols. 1991. DNA looping between sites for transcriptional activation: self-association of DNA-bound SP1. Genes Dev. 5:820–826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thanos, D., and T. Maniatis. 1995. Virus induction of human IFN beta gene expression requires the assembly of an enhanceosome. Cell 83:1091–1100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tjian, R., and T. Maniatis. 1994. Transcriptional activation: a complex puzzle with few easy pieces. Cell 77:5–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Travis, A., A. Amsterdam, C. Belanger, and R. Grosschedl. 1991. LEF-1, a gene encoding a lymphoid-specific protein with an HMG domain, regulates T-cell receptor α enhancer function. Genes Dev. 5:880–894.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van de Wetering, M., M. Oosterwegel, D. Dooijes, and H. Clevers. 1991. Identification and cloning of TCF-1, a T lymphocyte-specific transcription factor containing a sequence-specific HMG box. EMBO J. 10:123–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C.-Y., B. Petryniak, I. C. Ho, C. B. Thompson, and J. M. Leiden. 1992. Evolutionarily conserved Ets family members display distinct DNA binding specificities. J. Exp. Med. 175:1391–1399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waterman, M. L., W. H. Fischer, and K. A. Jones. 1991. A thymus-specific member of the HMG protein family regulates the human T cell receptor C alpha enhancer. Genes Dev. 5:656–669.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winoto, A., and D. Baltimore. 1989. A novel, inducible and T cell-specific enhancer located at the 3′ end of the T cell receptor alpha locus. EMBO J. 8:729–733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wotton, D., J. Ghysdael, S. Wang, N. A. Speck, and M. J. Owen. 1994. Cooperative binding of Ets-1 and core binding factor to DNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:840–850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wurster, A. L., G. Siu, J. M. Leiden, and S. M. Hedrick. 1994. Elf-1 binds to a critical element in a second CD4 enhancer. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:6452–6463.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yanai, K., Y. Nibu, K. Murakami, and A. Fukamizu. 1996. Acis-acting DNA element located between TATA box and transcription initiation site is critical in response to regulatory sequences in human angiotensinogen gene. J. Biol. Chem. 271:15981–15986.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshimura, T., J. Fujisawa, and M. Yoshida. 1990. Multiple cDNA clones encoding nuclear proteins that bind to the tax-dependent enhancer of HTLV-1: all contain a leucine zipper structure and basic amino acid domain. EMBO J. 9:2537–2542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar