The RAG-HMG1 Complex Enforces the 12/23 Rule of V(D)J Recombination Specifically at the Double-Hairpin Formation Step

REFERENCES

• Bianchi, M. E., L. Falciola, S. Ferrari, and D. M. Lilley 1992. The DNA binding site of HMG1 protein is composed of two similar segments (HMG boxes), both of which have counterparts in other eukaryotic regulatory proteins. EMBO J. 11: 1055–1063.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eastman, Q. M., T. M. J. Leu, and D. G. Schatz 1996. Initiation of V(D)J recombination in vitro obeying the 12/23 rule. Nature 380: 85–88.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eastman, Q. M., and D. G. Schatz 1997. Nicking is asynchronous and stimulated by synapsis in 12/23 rule-regulated V(D)J cleavage. Nucleic Acids Res. 25: 4370–4378.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grawunder, U., and M. R. Lieber 1997. A complex of RAG-1 and RAG-2 persists on the DNA after single-strand cleavage at V(D)J recombination signal sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 25: 1375–1382.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grawunder, U., R. B. West, and M. R. Lieber 1998. Antigen receptor gene rearrangement. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 10: 172–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesse, J. E., M. R. Lieber, K. Mizuuchi, and M. Gellert 1989. V(D)J recombination: a functional definition of the joining signals. Genes Dev. 3: 1053–1067.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoim, K., and M. Gellert 1998. Assembly of a 12/23 paired signal complex: a critical control point in V(D)J recombination. Mol. Cell 1: 1011–1019.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lewis, S., J. E. Hesse, K. Mizuuchi, and M. Gellert 1988. Novel strand exchanges in V(D)J recombination. Cell 55: 1099–1107.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lewis, S. M. 1994. The mechanism of V(D)J joining: lessons from molecular, immunological and comparative analyses. Adv. Immunol. 56: 27–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, S. M., E. Agard, S. Suh, and L. Czyzyk 1997. Cryptic signals and the fidelity of V(D)J joining. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17: 3125–3136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, S. M., and J. E. Hesse 1991. Cutting and closing without recombination in V(D)J joining. EMBO J. 10: 3631–3639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieber, M. R. 1992. The role of site-directed recombinases in physiologic and pathologic chromosomal rearrangements The causes and consequences of chromosomal translocations. In: Kirsch, I.239–275CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
   Google Scholar
• McBlane, J. F., D. C. van Gent, D. A. Ramsden, C. Romeo, C. A. Cuomo, M. Gellert, and M. A. Oettinger 1995. Cleavage at a V(D)J recombination signal requires only RAG1 and RAG2 proteins and occurs in two steps. Cell 83: 387–395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meek, K., C. A. Hasemann, and J. D. Capra 1989. Novel rearrangements at the immunoglobulin D locus. J. Exp. Med. 170: 39–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oettinger, M. A., D. G. Schatz, C. Gorka, and D. Baltimore 1990. Rag-1 and Rag-2, adjacent genes that synergistically activate V(D)J recombination. Science 248: 1517–1523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawchuk, D., F. Weis-Garcia, S. Malik, E. Besmer, M. Bustin, M. Nussenzweig, and P. Cortes 1997. V(D)J recombination: modulation of RAG1 and RAG2 cleavage activity on 12/23 substrates by whole cell extract and DNA-bending proteins. J. Exp. Med. 185: 2025–2032.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schatz, D. G. 1997. V(D)J recombination moves in vitro. Semin. Immunol. 9: 149–160.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schatz, D. G., M. A. Oettinger, and D. Baltimore 1989. The V(D)J recombination activating gene, RAG-1. Cell 59: 1035–1048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehan, K. M., and M. R. Lieber 1993. V(D)J recombination: signal and coding joint resolution are uncoupled and depend on parallel synapsis of the sites. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 1363–1370.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steen, S., L. Gomelsky, S. Speidel, and D. B. Roth 1997. Initiation of V(D)J recombination in vivo: role of recombination signal sequences in formation of single and paired double-strand breaks. EMBO J. 16: 2656–2664.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steen, S. B., L. Gomelsky, and D. B. Roth 1996. The 12/23 rule is enforced at the cleavage step of V(D)J recombination in vivo. Genes Cells 1: 543–553.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tonegawa, S. 1983. Somatic generation of antibody diversity. Nature 302: 575–581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Gent, D., K. Hoim, T. Paul, and M. Gellert 1997. Stimulation of V(D)J cleavage by high mobility group proteins. EMBO J. 16: 2665–2670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Gent, D. C., J. F. McBlane, D. A. Ramsden, M. J. Sadofsky, J. E. Hesse, and M. Gellert 1995. Initiation of V(D)J recombination in a cell-free system. Cell 81: 925–934.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Gent, D. C., K. Mizuuchi, and M. Gellert 1996. Similarities between initiation of V(D)J recombination and retroviral integration. Science 271: 1592–1594.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Gent, D. C., D. A. Ramsden, and M. Gellert 1996. The RAG1 and RAG2 proteins establish the 12/23 rule in V(D)J recombination. Cell 85: 107–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar