Wnt-1 Induces Growth, Cytosolic β-Catenin, and Tcf/Lef Transcriptional Activation in Rat-1 Fibroblasts

REFERENCES

• Aberle, H., A. Bauer, J. Stappert, A. Kispert, and R. Kemler 1997. β-Catenin is a target for the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. EMBO J. 16: 3797–3804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behrens, J., J. P. von Kries, M. Kuhl, L. Bruhn, D. Wedlich, R. Grosschedl, and W. Birchmeier 1996. Functional interaction of beta-catenin with the transcription factor LEF-1. Nature 382: 638–642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bett, A. J., W. Haddara, L. Prevec, and F. L. Graham 1994. An efficient and flexible system for construction of adenovirus vectors with insertions or deletions in early regions 1 and 3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 8802–8806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhanot, P., M. Brink, C. H. Samos, J.-C. Hsieh, Y. Wang, J. P. Macke, D. Andrew, J. Nathans, and R. Nusse 1996. A new member of the frizzled family from Drosophila functions as a Wingless receptor. Nature 382: 225–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradbury, J. M., C. C. Niemeyer, T. C. Dale, and P. A. W. Edwards 1994. Alterations of the growth characteristics of the fibroblast cell line C3H10T1/2 by members of the Wnt gene family. Oncogene 9: 2597–2603.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bradley, R. S., P. Cowin, and A. M. C. Brown 1993. Expression of Wnt-1 in PC12 cells results in modulation of plakoglobin and E-cadherin and increased cellular adhesion. J. Cell Biol. 123: 1857–1865.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, A. M. C., R. S. Wilden, T. J. Prendergast, and H. E. Varmus 1986. A retrovirus vector expressing the putative mammary oncogene int-1 causes partial transformation of a mammary epithelial cell line. Cell 46: 1001–1009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunner, E., O. Peter, L. Schweizer, and K. Basler 1997. Pangolin encodes a Lef-1 homologue that acts downstream of Armadillo to transduce the Wingless signal in Drosophila. Nature 385: 829–833.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickinson, M. E., R. Krumlauf, and A. P. McMahon 1994. Evidence for a mitogenic effect of Wnt-1 in the developing mammalian central nervous system. Development 120: 1453–1471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickinson, M. E., K. L. Stark, R. Krumlauf, and A. P. McMahon 1992. Misexpression of Wnt-1 in transgenic mouse embryos results in a massive overgrowth of cells in the spinal cord Mouse molecular genetics. In: Berns, A.17Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
   Google Scholar
• Donehower, L. A., L. A. Godley, C. M. Aldaz, R. Pyle, Y. P. Shi, D. Pinkel, J. Gray, A. Bradley, D. Medina, and H. E. Varmus 1995. Deficiency of p53 accelerates mammary tumorigenesis in Wnt-1 transgenic mice and promotes chromosomal instability. Genes Dev. 9: 882–895.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du, S. J., S. M. Purcell, J. L. Christian, L. L. McGrew, and R. T. Moon 1995. Identification of distinct classes and functional domains of Wnts through expression of wild-type and chimeric proteins in Xenopus embryos. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15: 2625–2634.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Evan, G. I., A. H. Wyllie, C. S. Gilbert, T. D. Littlewood, H. Land, M. Brooks, C. M. Waters, L. Z. Penn, and D. C. Hancock 1992. Induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts by c-myc protein. Cell 69: 119–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funayama, N., F. Fagotto, P. McCrea, and B. M. Gumbiner 1995. Embryonic axis induction by the armadillo repeat domain of beta-catenin: evidence for intracellular signaling. J. Cell Biol. 128: 959–968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giarre, M., Q. Dong, and A. M. C. Brown. Unpublished data.
   Google Scholar
• Guger, K. A., and B. M. Gumbiner 1995. Beta-catenin has Wnt-like activity and mimics the Nieuwkoop signaling center in Xenopus dorsal-ventral patterning. Dev. Biol. 172: 115–125.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gumbiner, B. M. 1996. Cell adhesion: the molecular basis of tissue architecture and morphogenesis. Cell 84: 345–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy, S., M. Kitamura, T. Harris-Stansil, Y. Dai, and M. L. Phipps 1997. Construction of adenovirus vectors through Cre-lox recombination. J. Virol. 71: 1842–1849.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi, S., B. Rubinfeld, B. Souza, P. Polakis, E. Wieschaus, and A. J. Levine 1997. A Drosophila homolog of the tumor suppressor gene adenomatous polyposis coli down-regulates beta-catenin but its zygotic expression is not essential for the regulation of Armadillo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 242–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herzlinger, D., J. Qiao, D. Cohen, N. Ramakrishna, and A. M. C. Brown 1994. Induction of kidney epithelial morphogenesis by cells expressing Wnt-1. Dev. Biol. 166: 815–818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinck, L., W. J. Nelson, and J. Papkoff 1994. Wnt-1 modulates cell-cell adhesion in mammalian cells by stabilizing beta-catenin binding to the cell adhesion protein cadherin. J. Cell Biol. 124: 729–741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huber, O., R. Korn, J. McLaughlin, M. Ohsugi, B. G. Herrmann, and R. Kemler 1996. Nuclear localization of beta-catenin by interaction with transcription factor LEF-1. Mech. Dev. 59: 3–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korinek, V., N. Barker, P. J. Morin, D. van Wichen, R. de Weger, K. W. Kinzler, B. Vogelstein, and H. Clevers 1997. Constitutive transcriptional activation by a beta-catenin-Tcf complex in APC−/− colon carcinoma. Science 275: 1784–1787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, K., S. Wang, M. A. Julius, J. Kitajewski, Moos M., Jr., and F. P. Luyten 1997. The cysteine-rich frizzled domain of Frzb-1 is required and sufficient for modulation of Wnt signaling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 11196–11200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrea, P. D., C. W. Turck, and B. Gumbiner 1991. A homolog of the armadillo protein in Drosophila (plakoglobin) associated with E-cadherin. Science 254: 1359–1361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, J. R., and R. T. Moon 1996. Signal transduction through beta-catenin and specification of cell fate during embryogenesis. Genes Dev. 10: 2527–2539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molenaar, M., M. van de Wetering, M. Oosterwegel, J. Peterson-Maduro, S. Godsave, V. Korinek, J. Roose, O. Destree, and H. Clevers 1996. XTcf-3 transcription factor mediates beta-catenin-induced axis formation in Xenopus embryos. Cell 86: 391–399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon, R. T., A. DeMarais, and D. J. Olson 1993. Responses to Wnt signals in vertebrate embryos may involve changes in cell adhesion and cell movement. J. Cell Sci. 106: 183–188.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morin, P. J., A. B. Sparks, V. Korinek, N. Barker, H. Clevers, B. Vogelstein, and K. W. Kinzler 1997. Activation of beta-catenin-Tcf signaling in colon cancer by mutations in beta-catenin or APC. Science 275: 1787–1790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munemitsu, S., I. Albert, B. Souza, B. Rubinfeld, and P. Polakis 1995. Regulation of intracellular beta-catenin levels by the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor-suppressor protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 3046–3050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nusse, R. 1997. A versatile transcriptional effector of Wingless signaling. Cell 89: 321–323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nusse, R., and H. E. Varmus 1992. Wnt genes. Cell 69: 1073–1087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson, D. J., and J. Papkoff 1994. Regulated expression of Wnt family members during proliferation of C57mg mammary cells. Cell Growth Differ. 5: 197–206.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Papkoff, J., B. Rubinfeld, B. Schryver, and P. Polakis 1996. Wnt-1 regulates free pools of catenins and stabilizes APC-catenin complexes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16: 2128–2134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pear, W. S., G. P. Nolan, M. L. Scott, and D. Baltimore 1993. Production of high-titer helper-free retroviruses by transient transfection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 8392–8396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peifer, M. 1997. Beta-catenin as oncogene: the smoking gun. Science 275: 1752–1753.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peifer, M., L. M. Pai, and M. Casey 1994. Phosphorylation of the Drosophila adherens junction protein Armadillo: roles for wingless signal and zeste-white 3 kinase. Dev. Biol. 166: 543–556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perrimon, N. 1996. Serpentine proteins slither into the Wingless and Hedgehog fields. Cell 86: 513–516.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Riese, J., X. Yu, A. Munnerlyn, S. Eresh, S. C. Hsu, R. Grosschedl, and M. Bienz 1997. LEF-1, a nuclear factor coordinating signaling inputs from wingless and decapentaplegic. Cell 88: 777–787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rijsewijk, F., L. Deemter, E. Wagenaar, A. Sonneberg, and R. Nusse 1987. Transfection of the int-1 mammary oncogene in cuboidal RAC mammary cell line results in morphological transformation and tumorigenicity. EMBO J. 6: 127–131.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rijsewijk, F., M. Schuermann, E. Wagenaar, P. Parren, D. Weigel, and R. Nusse 1987. The Drosophila homolog of the mouse mammary oncogene int-1 is identical to the segment polarity gene wingless. Cell 50: 649–657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubinfeld, B., I. Albert, E. Porfiri, C. Fiol, S. Munemitsu, and P. Polakis 1996. Binding of GSK3β to the APC-β-catenin complex and regulation of complex assembly. Science 272: 1023–1026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubinfeld, B., P. Robbins, M. El-Gamil, I. Albert, E. Porfiri, and P. Polakis 1997. Stabilization of beta-catenin by genetic defects in melanoma cell lines. Science 275: 1790–1792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubinfeld, B., B. Souza, I. Albert, O. Müller, S. H. Chamberlain, F. R. Masiarz, S. Munemitsu, and P. Polakis 1993. Association of the APC gene product with beta-catenin. Science 262: 1731–1734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimizu, H., M. A. Julius, M. Giarre, Z. Zheng, A. M. C. Brown, and J. Kitajewski 1997. Transformation by Wnt family proteins correlates with regulation of β-catenin. Cell Growth Differ. 8: 1349–1358.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Su, L.-K., B. Vogelstein, and K. W. Kinzler 1993. Association of the APC tumor suppressor protein with catenins. Science 262: 1734–1737.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres, M. A., J. A. Yang-Snyder, S. M. Purcell, A. A. DeMarais, L. L. McGrew, and R. T. Moon 1996. Activities of the Wnt-1 class of secreted signaling factors are antagonized by the Wnt-5A class and by a dominant negative cadherin in early Xenopus development. J. Cell Biol. 133: 1123–1137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsukamoto, A. S., R. Grosschedl, R. C. Guzman, T. Parslow, and H. E. Varmus 1988. Expression of the int-1 gene in transgenic mice is associated with mammary gland hyperplasia and adenocarcinomas in male and female mice. Cell 55: 619–625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uyttendaele, H., J. V. Soriano, R. Montesano, and J. Kitajewski. Notch 4 and Wnt-1 proteins function to regulate branching morphogenesis of mammary epithelial cells in opposing fashion. Dev. Biol., in press.
   Google Scholar
• van de Wetering, M., R. Cavallo, D. Dooijes, M. van Beest, J. van Es, J. Loureiro, A. Ypma, D. Hursh, T. Jones, A. Bejsovec, M. Peifer, M. Mortin, and H. Clevers 1997. Armadillo coactivates transcription driven by the product of the Drosophila segment polarity gene dTCF. Cell 88: 789–799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Genderen, C., R. M. Okamura, I. Farinas, R. G. Quo, T. G. Parslow, L. Bruhn, and R. Grosschedl 1994. Development of several organs that require inductive epithelial-mesenchymal interactions is impaired in LEF-1-deficient mice. Genes Dev. 8: 2691–2703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verbeek, S., D. Izon, F. Hofhuis, E. Robanus-Maandag, H. te Riele, M. van de Wetering, M. Oosterwegel, A. Wilson, H. R. MacDonald, and H. Clevers 1995. An HMG-box-containing T-cell factor required for thymocyte differentiation. Nature 374: 70–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitehead, I., H. Kirk, and R. Kay 1995. Expression cloning of oncogenes by retroviral transfer of cDNA libraries. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15: 704–710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, G. T., B. J. Gavin, and A. P. McMahon 1994. Differential transformation of mammary epithelial cells by Wnt genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14: 6278–6286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar