RING1 Interacts with Multiple Polycomb-Group Proteins and Displays Tumorigenic Activity

REFERENCES

• Alkema, M. J., M. Bronk, E. Verhoeven, A. P. Otte, L. J. van’t Veer, A. Berns, and J. van Lohuizen 1997. Identification of Bmi1-interacting proteins as constituents of a multimeric mammalian Polycomb complex. Genes Dev. 11:226–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alkema, M. J., H. Jacobs, M. Van Lohuizen, and J. Berns 1997. Perturbation of B and T cell development and predisposition to lymphomagenesis in EμBmi1 transgenic mice require the Bmi1 RING finger. Oncogene 15:899–910.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley, M. O., A. R. Kraynak, R. D. Storer, and J. Gibbs 1986. Experimental metastasis in nude mice of NIH 3T3 cells containing various ras genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:5277–5281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchenau, P., J. Hodgson, H. Strutt, and J. Arndt-Jovin 1998. The distribution of polycomb-group proteins during cell division and development in Drosophila embryos; impact on models for silencing. J. Cell Biol. 141:469–481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, K. J., J. S. Hanna, J. E. Prescott, and J. Dang 1996. Transformation by the Bmi-1 oncoprotein correlates with its subnuclear localization but not its transcriptional suppression activity. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:5527–5535.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Franke, A., M. DeCamillis, D. Zink, N. Cheng, H. W. Brock, and J. Paro 1992. Polycomb and polyhomeotic are constituents of a multimeric protein complex in chromatin of Drosophila melanogaster. EMBO J. 11:2941–2950.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Freemont, P. S., I. M. Hanson, and J. Townsdale 1991. A novel cysteine-rich sequence element. Cell 64:483–484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gould, A. 1997. Functions of mammalian Polycomb group and trithorax group related genes. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 7:488–494.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gunster, M. J., D. P. E. Satijn, K. M. Hamer, J. L. den Blaauwen, D. de Bruijn, M. J. Alkema, M. van Lohuizen, R. van Driel, and J. Otte 1997. Identification and characterization of interactions between the vertebrate Polycomb-group protein BMI1 and human homologs of Polyhomeotic. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:2326–2335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashimoto, N., H. W. Brock, M. Nomura, M. Kyba, J. Hodgson, Y. Fujita, Y. Takihara, K. Shimada, and J. Higashinakagawa 1998. RAE28, BMI1, and M33 are members of heterogeneous multimeric mammalian Polycomb group complexes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 245:356–365.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haupt, Y., W. S. Alexander, G. Barri, S. P. Klinken, and J. Adams 1991. Novel zinc finger gene implicated as myc collaborator by retrovirally accelerated lymphogenesis in E(mu)-myc transgenic mice. Cell 65:753–763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemenway, C. S., B. W. Halligan, and J. Levy 1998. The Bmi-1 oncoprotein interacts with dinG and Mph2: the role of RING1 finger domains. Oncogene 16:2541–2547.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kanno, M., M. Hasegawa, A. Ishida, K. Isono, and J. Taniguchi 1995. mel-18, a Polycomb group-related mammalian gene, encodes a transcriptional negative regulator with tumor suppressive activity. EMBO J. 14:5672–5678.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kingston, R. E., C. A. Bunker, and J. Imbalzano 1996. Repression and activation by multiprotein complexes that alter chromatin structure. Genes Dev. 10:905–920.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lessard, J., S. Baban, and J. Sauvageau 1998. Stage-specific expression of polycomb group genes in human bone marrow cells. Blood 91:1216–1224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, E. B. 1978. A gene complex controlling segmentation in Drosophila. Nature 276:565–570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelegri, F., and J. Lehmann 1994. A role of Polycomb group genes in the regulation of Gap gene expression in Drosophila. Genetics 136:1341–1353.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rastelli, L., C. S. Chan, and J. Pirotta 1993. Related chromosome binding sites for zeste, suppressors of zeste and Polycomb group proteins in Drosophila and their dependence on Enhancer of zeste function. EMBO J. 12:1513–1522.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reijnen, M. J., K. M. Hamer, J. L. den Blaauwen, C. Lambrechts, I. Schoneveld, R. van Driel, and J. Otte 1995. Polycomb and bmi-1 homologs are expressed in overlapping patterns in Xenopus embryos and are able to interact with each other. Mech. Dev. 53:35–46.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Samuels, M. L., M. J. Weber, J. M. Bishop, and J. McMahon 1993. Conditional transformation of cells and rapid activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade by an estradiol-dependent human Raf-1 protein kinase. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:6241–6252.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Satijn, D. P. E., M. J. Gunster, J. van de Vlag, K. M. Hamer, W. Schul, M. J. Alkema, A. J. Saurin, P. S. Freemont, R. van Driel, and J. Otte 1997. RING1 is associated with the Polycomb-group protein complex and acts as a transcriptional repressor. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:4105–4113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satijn, D. P. E., D. J. Olson, J. Van der Vlag, K. M. Hamer, C. Lambrechts, H. Masselink, M. J. Gunster, R. G. A. B. Sewalt, R. Van Driel, and J. Otte 1997. Interference with the expression of a novel human Polycomb protein, HPC2, results in cellular transformation and apoptosis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:6076–6086.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schoorlemmer, J., C. Marcos, F. Were, R. Martinez, E. Garcia, D. P. E. Satijn, A. P. Otte, and J. Vidal 1997. Ring1A is a transcriptional repressor that interacts with the Polycomb-M33 protein and is expressed at rhombomere boudaries in the mouse hindbrain. EMBO J. 16:5930–5942.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schumacher, A., and J. Magnuson 1997. Murine Polycomb- and trithorax-group genes regulate homeotic pathways and beyond. Trends Genet. 13:167–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schutte, J., J. Viallet, M. Nau, S. Segal, J. Fedorko, and J. Minna 1989. Jun-B inhibits and c-fos stimulates the transforming and transactivating activities of c-jun. Cell 59:987–997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sewalt, R. G. A. B., J. van der Vlag, M. J. Gunster, K. M. Hamer, J. L. den Blaauwen, D. P. E. Satijn, T. Hendrix, R. van Driel, and J. Otte 1998. Characterization of interactions between the mammalian Polycomb-group proteins Enx1/EZH2 and EED suggests the existence of different mammalian Polycomb-group protein complexes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:3586–3595.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon, J. 1995. Locking in stable states of gene expression: transcriptional control during Drosophila development. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 7:376–385.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Small, M. B., N. Hay, M. Schwab, and J. Bishop 1987. Neoplastic transformation by the human gene N-myc. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:1638–1645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, D. B., and J. Johnson 1988. Single-step purification of polypeptides expressed in Escherichia coli as fusions with glutathione S-transferase. Gene 67:31–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, P. K., R. I. Krohn, G. T. Hermanson, A. K. Mallia, F. H. Gartner, M. D. Provenzano, E. K. Fujimoto, N. M. Goeke, B. J. Olson, and J. Klenk 1985. Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid. Anal. Biochem. 150:76–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone, J., T. de Lange, G. Ramsay, E. Jokobovits, J. M. Bishop, H. E. Varmus, and J. Lee 1987. Definition of regions in human c-myc that are involved in transformation and nuclear localization. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:1697–1709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strutt, H., and J. Paro 1997. The Polycomb group protein complex of Drosophila has different compositions at different target genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:6773–6783.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Lohuizen, M., S. Verbeek, B. Scheijen, E. Wientjes, H. van der Gulden, and J. Berns 1991. Identification of cooperating oncogenes in E(mu)-myc transgenic mice by provirus tagging. Cell 65:737–752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Lohuizen, M., M. Thijms, J. W. Voncken, A. Schumacher, T. Magnuson, and J. Wientjes 1998. Interaction of mouse Polycomb-group (Pc-G) proteins Enx1 and Enx2 with Eed: indication for separate Pc-G complexes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:3572–3579.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wallace, J. S., A. J. Hayle, A. J. Syms, M. Cairney, B. Tutty, A. Gazzard, M. F. Evans, K. A. Fleming, and J. Tarin 1989. The ras oncogene and tumour metastasis: observations on murine cells transfected with activated human c-Ha-ras. Differentiation 41:208–215.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zink, B., and J. Paro 1989. In vivo binding pattern of a transregulator of homeotic genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Nature 337:468–471.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar