Role of Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase in Regulation of the c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Pathway and Apoptosis in Sympathetic Neurons

REFERENCES

• Bazenet, C. E., Mota, M., and Rubin, L. L.. 1998. The small GTP-binding protein Cdc42 is required for nerve growth factor withdrawal-induced neuronal death. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:3984–3989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berestetskaya, Y. V., Faure, M. P., Ichijo, H., and Voyno-Yasenetskaya, T. A.. 1998. Regulation of apoptosis by alpha-subunits of G12 and G13 proteins via apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1. J. Biol. Chem. 273:27816–27823
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown, J. L., Stowers, L. B., Trejo, J. A., Coughlin, S., and Chant, J.. 1996. Human Ste20 homologue hPAK1 links GTPases to the JNK MAP kinase pathway. Curr. Biol. 6:598–605
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, H. Y., Nishitoh, H., Yang, X., Ichijo, H., and Baltimore, D.. 1998. Activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) by the adapter protein Daxx. Science 281:1860–1863
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke, P. G.. 1990. Developmental cell death: morphological diversity and multiple mechanisms. Anat. Embryol. 181:195–213
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cuenda, A., Cohen, P., Buée-Scherrer, V., and Goedert, M.. 1997. Activation of stress-activated protein kinase-3 (SAPK3) by cytokines and cellular stresses is mediated via SAPKK3 (MKK6); comparison of the specificities of SAPK3 and SAPK2 (RK/p38). EMBO J. 16:295–305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duvall, E., and Wyllie, A. H.. 1986. Death and the cell. Immunol. Today 7:115–119
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eilers, A., Whitfield, J., Babij, C., Rubin, L. L., and Ham, J.. 1998. Role of the Jun kinase pathway in the regulation of c-Jun expression and apoptosis in sympathetic neurons. J. Neurosci. 18:1713–1724
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Estus, S., Zaks, W. J., Freeman, R. S., Gruda, M., Bravo, R., and Johnson, E. M. J.. 1994. Altered gene expression in neurons during programmed cell death: identification of c-jun as necessary for neuronal apoptosis. J. Cell Biol. 127:1717–1727
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fanger, G. R., Johnson, N. L., and Johnson, G. L.. 1997. MEK kinases are regulated by EGF and selectively interact with Rac/Cdc42. EMBO J. 16:4961–4972
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foltz, I. N., Gerl, R. E., Wieler, J. S., Luckach, M., Salmon, R. A., and Schrader, J. W.. 1998. Human mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (MKK7) is a highly conserved c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) activated by environmental stresses and physiological stimuli. J. Biol. Chem. 273:9344–9351
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frost, J. A., Xu, S., Hutchinson, M. R., Marcus, S., and Cobb, M. H.. 1996. Actions of Rho family small G proteins and p21-activated protein kinases on mitogen-activated protein kinase family members. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:3707–3713
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gerwins, P., Blank, J., and Johnson, G. L.. 1997. Cloning of a novel mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, MEKK4, that selectively regulates the c-jun amino terminal kinase pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 272:8288–8295
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ham, J., Babij, C., Whitfield, J., Pfarr, C. M., Lallemand, D., Yaniv, M., and Rubin, L. L.. 1995. A c-Jun dominant negative mutant protects sympathetic neurons against programmed cell death. Neuron 14:927–939
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson, C. E.. 1996. Programmed cell death in the developing nervous system. Neuron 17:579–585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herdegen, T., Claret, F. X., Kallunki, T., Martin-Villalba, A., Winter, C., Hunter, T., and Karin, M.. 1998. Lasting N-terminal phosphorylation of c-Jun and activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases after neuronal injury. J. Neurosci. 18:5124–5135
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holland, P. M., Suzanne, M., Campbell, J. S., Noselli, S., and Cooper, J. A.. 1997. MKK7 is a stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase functionally related to hemipterous. J. Biol. Chem. 272:24994–24998
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichijo, H., Nishida, E., Irie, K., ten Dijke, P., Saitoh, M., Moriguchi, T., Takagi, M., Matsumoto, K., Miyazono, K., and Gotoh, Y.. 1997. Induction of apoptosis by ASK1, a mammalian MAPKKK that activates SAPK/JNK and p38 signaling pathways. Science 275:90–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linnik, M. D.. 1996. Role of apoptosis in acute neurodegenerative disorders. Restor. Neurol. Neurosci. 9:219–225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, X., Nemoto, S., and Lin, A.. 1997. Identification of c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK)-activating kinase 2 as an activator of JNK but not p38. J. Biol. Chem. 272:24751–24754
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maroney, A. C., Glicksman, M. A., Basma, A. N., Walton, K. M., Knight, E.Jr., Murphy, C. A., Bartlett, B. A., Finn, J. P., Angeles, T., Matsuda, Y., Neff, N. T., and Dionne, C. A.. 1998. Motoneuron apoptosis is blocked by CEP-1347 (KT 7515), a novel inhibitor of the JNK signaling pathway. J. Neurosci. 18:104–111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moriguchi, T., Toyoshima, F., Masuyama, N., Hanafusa, H., Gotoh, Y., and Nishida, E.. 1997. A novel SAPK/JNK kinase, MKK7, stimulated by TNFalpha and cellular stresses. EMBO J. 16:7045–7053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagata, K.-I., Puls, A., Futter, C., Apenstrom, P., Schaefer, E., Nakata, T., Hirokawa, H., and Hall, A.. 1998. The MAP kinase kinase kinase MLK2 co-localizes with activated JNK along microtubules and associates with kinesin superfamily motor KIF3. EMBO J. 17:149–158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishitoh, H., Saitoh, M., Mochida, Y., Takeda, K., Nakano, H., Rothe, M., Miyazono, K., and Ichijo, H.. 1998. ASK1 is essential for JNK/SAPK activation by TRAF2. Mol. Cell 2:389–395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oppenheim, R. W.. 1991. Cell death during development of the nervous system. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 14:453–501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettmann, B., and Henderson, C. E.. 1998. Neuronal cell death. Neuron 20:633–647
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saitoh, M., Nishitoh, H., Fujii, M., Takeda, K., Tobiume, K., Sawada, Y., Kawabata, M., Miyazono, K., and Ichijo, H.. 1998. Mammalian thioredoxin is a direct inhibitor of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK) 1. EMBO J. 17:2596–2606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, L. M., and Osborne, B. A.. 1993. Programmed cell death, apoptosis and killer genes. Immunol. Today 14:582–590
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schwartz, L. M., Smith, S. W., Jones, M. E., and Osborne, B. A.. 1993. Do all programmed cell deaths occur via apoptosis? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:980–984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tapon, N., Nagata, K.-I., Lamarche, N., and Hall, A.. 1998. A new Rac target POSH is an SH3-containing scaffold protein involved in the JNK and NF-kB signalling pathways. EMBO J. 17:1395–1404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tibbles, L. A., Ing, Y.-L., Kiefer, F., Chan, J., Iscove, N., Woodgett, J. R., and Lassam, N. J.. 1996. MLK-3 activates the SAPK/JNK and p38/RK pathways via SEK1 and MKK3/6. EMBO J. 15:7026–7035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tournier, C., Whitmarsh, A. J., Cavanagh, J., Barrett, T., and Davis, R. J.. 1997. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 is an activator of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:7337–7342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tournier, C., Whitmarsh, A. J., Cavanagh, J., Barrett, T., and Davis, R. J.. 1999. The MKK7 gene encodes a group of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase kinases. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:1569–1581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van-Dam, H., Wilhem, D., Herr, I., Steffen, A., Herlich, P., and Angel, P.. 1995. ATF-2 is preferentially activated by stress-activated protein kinases to mediate c-jun induction in response to genotoxic agents. EMBO J. 14:1798–1811
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang, T.-H., Wang, H.-S., Ichijo, H., Giannakakou, P., Foster, J. S., Fojo, T., and Wimalasena, J.. 1998. Microtuble-interfering agents activate c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated kinase (JNK/SAPK) through both ras and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK1) pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 273:4928–4936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X. S., Diener, K., Jannuzzi, D., Trollinger, D., Tan, T. H., Lichenstein, H., Zukowski, M., and Yao, Z.. 1996. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel protein kinase with a catalytic domain homologous to mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 271:31607–31611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, A., Eilers, A., Lallemand, D., Kyriakis, J., Rubin, L. L., and Ham, J.. 1998. Phosphorylation of c-Jun is necessary for apoptosis induced by survival signmal withdrawal in cerebellar granule neurons. J. Neurosci. 18:751–762
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xia, Z., Dickens, M., Raingeaud, J., Davis, R. J., and Greenberg, M. E.. 1995. Opposing effects of ERK and JNK-p38 MAP kinases on apoptosis. Science 270:1326–1331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar