A Model System for Activation-Induced Alternative Splicing of CD45 Pre-mRNA in T Cells Implicates Protein Kinase C and Ras

REFERENCES

• Adams, M. D., Rudner, D. Z., and Rio, D. C.. 1996. Biochemistry and regulation of pre-mRNA splicing. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 8:331–339
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Akbar, A. N., Terry, L., Timms, A., Beverley, P. C. L., and Janossy, G.. 1988. Loss of CD45R and gain of UCHL1 reactivity is a feature of primed T cells. J. Immunol. 140:2171–2178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell, E. B., and Sparshott, S. M.. 1990. Interconversion of CD45R subsets of CD4 T cells in vivo. Nature 348:163–166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berget, S. M.. 1995. Exon recognition in vertebrate splicing. J. Biol. Chem. 270:2411–2414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birkeland, M. L., Johnson, P., Trowbridge, I. S., and Pure, E.. 1989. Changes in CD45 isoform expression accompany antigen-induced murine T cell activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:6734–6738
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Black, D. L.. 1995. Finding splice sites within a wilderness of RNA. RNA 1:763–771
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Byth, K. F., Conroy, L. A., Howlett, S., Smith, A. J. H., May, J., Alexander, D. R., and Holmes, N.. 1996. CD45-null transgenic mice reveal a positive regulatory role for CD45 in early thymocyte development, in the selection of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, and in B cell maturation. J. Exp. Med. 183:1707–1718
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cantrell, D.. 1996. T cell antigen receptor signal transduction pathways. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 14:259–274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castagna, M., Takai, Y., Kaibuchi, K., Sano, K., Kikkawa, U., and Nishizuka, Y.. 1982. Direct activation of calcium-activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase by tumor-promoting phorbol ester. J. Biol. Chem. 257:7847–7851
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalfant, C. E., Watson, J. E., Bisnauth, L. D., Kang, J. B., Patel, N., Obeid, L. M., Eichler, D. C., and Cooper, D. R.. 1998. Insulin regulates protein kinase CbII expression through enhanced exon inclusion in L6 skeletal muscle cells. J. Biol. Chem. 273:910–916
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crabtree, G. R., and Clipstone, N. A.. 1994. Signal transmission between the plasma membrane and nucleus of T lymphocytes. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 63:1045–1083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Ambrosio, D., Cantrell, D. A., Frati, L., Santoni, A., and Testi, R.. 1994. Involvement of p21ras activation in T cell CD69 expression. Eur. J. Immunol. 24:616–620
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deans, J. P., Serra, H. M., Shaw, J., Shen, Y. J., Torres, R. M., and Pilarski, L.. 1992. Transient accumulation and subsequent rapid loss of messenger RNA encoding high molecular mass CD45 isoforms after T cell activation. J. Immunol. 148:1898–1905
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai, D. M., Sap, J., Schlessinger, J., and Weiss, A.. 1993. Ligand-mediated negative regulation of a chimeric transmembrane receptor tyrosine phosphatase. Cell 73:541–554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downward, J., Graves, J. D., Warne, P. H., Rayter, S., and Cantrell, D. A.. 1990. Stimulation of p21ras upon T-cell activation. Nature 346:719–723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu, X.-D.. 1995. The superfamily of arginine/serine-rich splicing factors. RNA 1:663–680
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabowski, P. J.. 1998. Splicing regulation in neurons: tinkering with cell-specific control. Cell 92:709–712
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hertel, K. J., Lynch, K. W., and Maniatis, T.. 1997. Common themes in the function of transcription and splicing enhancers. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 9:350–357
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Katz, M. E., and McCormick, F.. 1997. Signal transduction from multiple Ras effectors. Curr. Opin. Genes Dev. 7:75–79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kishihara, K., Penninger, J., Wallace, V. A., Kundig, T. M., Kawai, K., Wakenham, A., Timms, E., Pfeffer, K., Ohashi, P. S., and Thomas, M. L.. 1993. Normal B lymphocyte development but impaired T cell maturation in CD45-exon 6 protein tyrosine phosphatase-deficient mice. Cell 74:143–156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konig, H., Ponta, H., and Herrlich, P.. 1998. Coupling of signal transduction to alternative pre-mRNA splicing by a composite splice regulator. EMBO J. 17:2904–2913
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koretzky, G. A., Picus, J., Thomas, M. L., and Weiss, A.. 1990. Tyrosine phosphatase CD45 is essential for coupling T cell antigen receptor to the phosphatidylinositol pathway. Nature 346:66–68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koretzky, G., Picus, J., Schultz, T., and Weiss, A.. 1991. Tyrosine phosphatase CD45 is required for both T cell antigen receptor and CD2 mediated activation of a protein tyrosine kinase and interleukin 2 production. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:2037–2041
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koretzky, G. A., Kohmetscher, M. A., Kadlecek, T., and Weiss, A.. 1992. Restoration of T cell receptor mediated signal transduction by transfection of CD45 cDNA into a CD45-deficient variant of the Jurkat T cell line. J. Immunol. 149:1138–1142
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leevers, S. J., and Marshall, C. J.. 1992. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Erk2, by p21ras oncoprotein. EMBO J. 11:569–574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leitenberg, D., Boutin, Y., Lu, D. D., and Bottomly, K.. 1999. Biochemical association of CD45 with the T cell receptor complex: regulation by Cd45 isoform and during T cell activation. Immunity 10:701–711
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leitenberg, D., Novak, T. J., Farber, D., Smith, B. R., and Bottomly, K.. 1996. The extracellular domain of CD45 controls association with the CD4-T cell receptor complex and the response to antigen-specific stimulation. J. Exp. Med. 183:249–259
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lemaire, R., Winne, A., Sarkissian, M., and Lafyatis, R.. 1999. SF2 and SRp55 regulation of CD45 exon 4 skipping during T cell activation. Eur. J. Immunol. 29:823–837
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lowin-Kropf, B., Shapiro, V. S., and Weiss, A.. 1998. Cytoskeletal polarization of T cells is regulated by an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-dependent mechanism. J. Cell Biol. 140:861–871
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lui, C., Cheng, J., and Mountz, J. D.. 1995. Differential expression of human Fas mRNA species upon peripheral blood mononuclear cell activation. Biochem. J. 310:957–963
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Majeti, R., Bilwes, A. M., Noel, J. P., Hunter, T., and Weiss, A.. 1998. Dimerization-induced inhibition of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase function through an inhibitory wedge. Science 279:88–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manley, J. L., and Tacke, R.. 1996. SR proteins and splicing control. Genes Dev. 10:1569–1579
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCall, M. N., Shotton, D. M., and Barclay, A. N.. 1992. Expression of soluble isoforms of rat CD45. Analysis by electron microscopy and use in epitope mapping of anti-Cd45R monoclonal antibodies. Immunology 76:310–317
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McFarland, E. D., Hurley, T. R., Pingel, J. T., Sefton, B. M., Shaw, A., and Thomas, M. L.. 1993. Correlation between Src family member regulation by the protein-tyrosine-phosphatase CD45 and transmembrane signaling through the T-cell receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:1402–1406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizushima, S., and Nagata, S.. 1990. pEF-BOS, a powerful mammalian expression vector. Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 5322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostergaard, H. L., Shackelford, D. A., Hurley, T. R., Johnson, P., Hyman, R., Sefton, B. M., and Trowbridge, I. S.. 1989. Expression of CD45 alters phosphorylation of the lck-encoded tyrosine protein kinase in murine lymphoma T-cell lines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:8959–8963
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostergaard, H. L., and Trowbridge, I. S.. 1990. Coclustering CD45 with CD4 and CD8 alters the phosphorylation and kinase activity of p56lck. J. Exp. Med. 172:347–350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratech, H., Denning, S., and Kaufman, R. E.. 1997. An analysis of alternatively spliced CD45 mRNA transcripts during T cell maturation in humans. Cell. Immunol. 177:109–118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothstein, D. M., Saito, H., Streuli, M., Schlossman, S. F., and Morimoto, C.. 1992. The alternative splicing of the CD45 tyrosine phosphatase is controlled by negative regulatory trans-acting splicing factors. J. Biol. Chem. 267:7139–7147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothstein, D. M., Yamada, A., Schlossman, S. F., and Morimoto, C.. 1991. Cyclic regulation of CD45 isoform expression in a long term human CD4+CD45RA+ T cell line. J. Immunol. 146:1175–1183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saga, Y., Furukawa, K., Rogers, P., Tung, J. S., Parker, D., and Boyse, E. A.. 1990. Further data on the selective expression of Ly-5 isoform. Immunogenetics 31:296–306
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saga, Y., Lee, J. S., Saraiya, C., and Boyse, E. A.. 1990. Regulation of alternative splicing in the generation of isoforms of the mouse Ly-5 (CD45) glycoprotein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:3728–3732
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sarkissian, M., Winne, A., and Lafyatis, R.. 1996. The mammalian homolog of suppressor-of-white-apricot regulates alternative mRNA splicing of CD45 exon 4 and fibronectin IIICS. J. Biol. Chem. 271:31106–31114
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Satoh, T., Nakafuku, M., and Kaziro, Y.. 1992. Function of Ras as a molecular switch in signal transduction. J. Biol. Chem. 267:24149–24152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwinzer, R., Schraven, B., Kyas, U., Meuer, S. C., and Wonigeit, K.. 1992. Phenotypical and biochemical characterization of a variant CD45R expression pattern in human leukocytes. Eur. J. Immunol. 22:1095–1098
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Screaton, G. R., Caceres, J. F., Mayeda, A., Bell, M. V., Plebanski, M., Jackson, D. G., Bell, J. I., and Krainer, A. R.. 1995. Identification and characterization of three members of the human SR family of pre-mRNA splicing factors. EMBO J. 14:4336–4349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Screaton, G. R., Xu, X. N., Olsen, A. L., Cowper, A. E., Tan, R., McMichael, A. J., and Bell, J. I.. 1997. LARD: a new lymphoid-specific death domain containing receptor regulated by alternative pre-mRNA splicing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:4615–4619
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seavitt, J. R., White, L. S., Murphy, K. M., Loh, D. Y., Perlmutter, R. M., and Thomas, M. L.. 1999. Expression of the p56Lck Y505F mutation in CD45-deficient mice rescues thymocyte development. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:4200–4208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro, V. S., Mollenauer, M. N., Greene, W. C., and Weiss, A.. 1996. c-rel regulation of IL-2 gene expression may be mediated through activation of AP-1. J. Exp. Med. 184:1663–1669
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sieh, M., Bolen, J. B., and Weiss, A.. 1993. CD45 specifically modulates binding of Lck to a phosphopeptide encompassing the negative regulatory tyrosine of Lck. EMBO J. 12:315–322
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith, M. A., Fanger, G. R., O'Connor, L. T., Bridle, P., and Maue, R. A.. 1997. Selective regulation of agrin mRNA induction and alternative splicing in PC12 cells by Ras-dependent actions of nerve growth factor. J. Biol. Chem. 272:15675–15681
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stone, J. D., Conroy, L. A., Byth, K. F., Hederer, R. A., Howlett, S., Takemoto, Y., Holmes, N., and Alexander, D. R.. 1997. Aberrant TCR-mediated signaling in CD45-null thymocytes involves dysfunctional regulation of Lck, Fyn, TCR-ζ, and ZAP-70. J. Immunol. 158:5773–5782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Streuli, M., Hall, L. R., Saga, Y., Schlossman, S. F., and Saito, H.. 1987. Differential usage of three exons generates at least five different mRNAs encoding human leukocyte common antigens. J. Exp. Med. 166:1548–1566
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Streuli, M., and Saito, H.. 1989. Regulation of tissue-specific alternative splicing: exon-specific cis-elements govern the splicing of leukocyte common antigen pre-mRNA. EMBO J. 8:787–796
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Strober, W., Kanof, M. E., and Smith, P. D.. Preparation of human mononuclear cell populations and subpopulations Current protocols in immunology Coligan, J. E., Kruisbeek, A. M., Margulies, D. H., Shevach, E. M., and Strober, W. 1:7.1.1–7.4.5 Greene Publishing Associates and Wiley-Interscience, New York, N.Y
   Google Scholar
• Thude, H., Hundrieser, J., Wonigeit, K., and Schwinzer, R.. 1995. 1991. A point mutation in the human CD45 gene associated with defective splicing of exon A. Eur. J. Immunol. 25:2101–2106
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trowbridge, I. S.. 1991. CD45: a prototype for transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatases. J. Biol. Chem. 266:23517–23520
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trowbridge, I. S., and Thomas, M. L.. 1994. CD45: an emerging role as a protein tyrosine phosphatase required for lymphocyte activation and development. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 12:85–116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, A. Y. M., Streuli, M., and Saito, H.. 1989. Integrity of the exon 6 sequence is essential for tissue-specific alternative splicing of human leukocyte common antigen pre-mRNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:4550–4555
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang, J., and Manley, J. L.. 1997. Regulation of pre-mRNA splicing in metazoa. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 7:205–211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J., Shen, L., Najafi, H., Kolberg, J., Matschinsky, F. M., Urdea, M., and German, M.. 1997. Regulation of insulin preRNA splicing by glucose. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:4360–4365
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weiss, A., and Littman, D. R.. 1994. Signal transduction by lymphocyte antigen receptors. Cell 76:263–274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiskocil, R., Weiss, A., Imboden, J., Kamin-Lewis, R., and Stobo, J.. 1985. Activation of a human T cell line: a two-stimulus requirement in the pretranslational events involved in the coordinate expression of interleukin 2 and gamma-interferon genes. J. Immunol. 134:1599–1603
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu, J., Katzav, S., and Weiss, A.. 1995. A functional T-cell receptor signaling pathway is required for p95vav activity. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:4337–4346
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xie, J., and McCobb, D. P.. 1998. Control of alternative splicing of potassium channels by stress hormones. Science 280:443–446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yablonski, D., Kane, L. P., Qian, D., and Weiss, A.. 1998. A Nck-Pak1 signaling module is required for T-cell receptor-mediated activation of NFAT, but not of JNK. EMBO J. 17:5647–5657
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yamada, A., Streuli, M., Saito, H., Rothstein, D. M., Schlossman, S. F., and Morimoto, C.. 1990. Effect of activation of protein kinase C on CD45 isoform expression and CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase activity in T cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 20:1655–1660
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zilch, C. F., Walker, A. M., Timon, M., Goff, L. K., Wallace, D. L., and Beverley, P. C. L.. 1998. A point mutation within CD45 exon A is the cause of variant CD45RA splicing in humans. Eur. J. Immunol. 28:22–29
   PubMedGoogle Scholar