Functional Interference between Thyroid Hormone Receptor α (TRα) and Natural Truncated TRΔα Isoforms in the Control of Intestine Development

REFERENCES

• Baas, D., C. Fressinaud, M. E. Ittel, A. Reeber, D. Dalençon, J. Puymirat, and L. L. Sarlievre. 1994. Expression of thyroid hormone receptor isoforms in rat oligodendrocyte cultures. Effect of 3,5,3′-triiodo-l-thyronine. Neurosci. Lett. 176:47–51.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Black, B. L., and F. Moog. 1977. Goblet cells in embryonic intestine: accelerated differentiation in culture. Science 197:368–370.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Castillo, R. O., F. Gregory, F. Glasscock, K. M. Noren, and A. M. Reisenauer. 1991. Pituitary regulation of postnatal small intestinal ontogeny in the rat: differential regulation of digestive hydrolase maturation by thyroxine and growth hormone. Endocrinology 129:1417–1423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chantret, L., A. Rodolosse, A. Barbat, E. Dussaulx, E. Brot-Laroche, A. Zweibaum, and M. Rousset. 1994. Differential expression of sucrase-isomaltase in clones isolated from early and late passages of the cell line Caco-2: evidence for glucose-dependent negative regulation. J. Cell Sci. 107:213–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chassande, O., A. Fraichard, K. Gauthier, F. Flamand, C. Legrand, P. Savatier, V. Laudet, and J. Samarut. 1997. Identification of transcripts initiated from an internal promoter in the c-erbAα locus that encode inhibitors of retinoic acid receptor-α and triiodothyronine receptor activities. Mol. Endocrinol. 11:1278–1290.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Forrest, D., and B. Vennstrom. 2000. Functions of thyroid hormone receptors in mice. Thyroid 10:41–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraichard, A., O. Chassande, M. Plateroti, J. P. Roux, J. Trouillas, C. Dehay, C. Legrand, K. Gauthier, M. Kedinger, L. Malaval, B. Rousset, and J. Samarut. 1997. The TRα gene encoding a thyroid hormone receptor is essential for post-natal development and thyroid hormone production. EMBO J. 16:4412–4420.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Freund, J.-N., C. Domon-Dell, M. Kedinger, and I. Duluc. 1998. The Cdx1 and Cdx2 homeobox genes in the intestine. Biochem. Cell Biol. 76:1–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gauthier, K., O. Chassande, M. Plateroti, J. P. Roux, C. Legrand, B. Pain, B. Rousset, R. Weiss, J. Trouillas, and J. Samarut. 1999. Different functions for the thyroid hormone receptors TRα and TRβ in the control of thyroid hormone production and post-natal development. EMBO J. 18:623–631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauthier, K., M. Plateroti, C. B. Harvey, G. R. Williams, R. E. Weiss, S. Refetoff, J. F. Willott, V. Sundin, J.-P. Roux, L. Malaval, M. Hara, J. Samarut, and O. Chassande. 2001. Genetic analysis reveals different functions for the products of the thyroid hormone receptor α locus. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:4748–4760.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gordon, J. I.. 1989. Intestinal epithelial cell differentiation: new insights from chimeric and transgenic mice. J. Cell Biol. 108:1187–1194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grasset, E., M. Pinto, E. Dussaulx, A. Zweibaum, and J. F. Desjeux. 1984. Epithelial properties of human colonic carcinoma cell line Caco-2: electrical parameters. Am. J. Physiol. 247:C260–C267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henning, S. J.. 1987. Functional development of the gastrointestinal tract. Physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, 2nd ed. L. R. Johnson, et al.. 285–300. Raven, New York, N.Y
   Google Scholar
• Henning, S. J., D. C. Rubin, and J. Shulman. 1994. Ontogeny of the intestinal mucosa. Physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, 3rd ed. L. R. Johnson, et al.. 571–601. Raven, New York, N.Y
   Google Scholar
• Hodin, R. A., M. Sherman, M. Chamberlain, and S. Meng. 1995. Pattern of rat intestinal brush border enzyme gene expression changes with epithelial growth state. Am. J. Physiol. 269:C385–C391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodin, R. A., A. Shei, M. Morin, and S. Meng. 1996. Thyroid hormone and the gut: selective transcriptional activation of a villus-enterocyte marker. Surgery 120:138–143.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Houle, M., P. Prinos, A. Iulianella, N. Buchard, and D. Lohnes. 2000. Retinoic acid regulation of Cdx1: an indirect mechanism for retinoids and vertebral specification. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:6579–6586.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaltenbach, J. C.. 1996. Endocrinology of amphibian metamorphosis. Metamorphosis.. L. I. Gilbert, J. B. Tate, and B. G. Atkinson. 403–431. Academic Press, New York, N.Y
   Google Scholar
• Kedinger, M.. 1994. Growth and development of intestinal mucosa. Small bowel enterocyte culture and transplantation.. F. C. Campbell. 1–31. Landes, Georgetown, Tex
   Google Scholar
• Klein, R. M.. 1989. Small intestinal proliferation during development. Human gastrointestinal development.. E. Lebenthal. 367–392. Raven, New York, N.Y
   Google Scholar
• Koenig, R. J., A. A. Lazar, R. A. Hodin, G. A. Brent, P. R. Larsen, W. W. Chin, and D. D. Moore. 1989. Inhibition of thyroid hormone action by a non-hormone binding c-erbA protein generated by alternative mRNA splicing. Nature 337:659–661.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lazar, M. A., R. A. Hodin, and W. W. Chin. 1989. Human carboxyl-terminal variant of α-type c-erbA inhibit trans-activation by thyroid hormone receptors without binding thyroid hormone. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:7771–7774.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lazar, M. A.. 1993. Thyroid hormone receptors: multiple forms, multiple possibilities. Endocr. Rev. 14:184–193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorentz, O., A. Cadoret, I. Duluc, J. Capeau, C. Gespach, J. Cherqui, and J. N. Freund. 1999. Down regulation of the colon tumor suppressor homeobox gene cdx2 by oncogenic Ras. Oncogene 18:87–92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Macchia, P. E., Y. Takeuchi, T. Kawai, K. Cua, K. Gauthier, O. Chassande, H. Seo, Y. Hayashi, J. Samarut, Y. Murata, R. E. Weiss, and S. Refetoff. 2001. Increased sensitivity to thyroid hormone in mice with complete deficiency of thyroid hormone receptor α. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:349–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plateroti, M., O. Chassande, A. Fraichard, K. Gauthier, J. N. Freund, J. Samarut, and M. Kedinger. 1999. Involvement of T3Rα- and β-receptor subtypes in mediation of T3 functions during post-natal murine intestinal development. Gastroenterology 116:1367–1378.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sap, J., A. Munoz, K. Damm, Y. Goldberg, J. Ghysdael, A. Leutz, H. Beug, and B. Vennstrom. 1986. The c-erbA protein is a high affinity receptor for thyroid hormone. Nature 324:635–640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlüter, C., M. Duchrow, C. Wohlenberg, M. H. Becker, G. Key, H. D. Flad, and J. Gerdes. 1993. The cell proliferation-associated antigen of antibody Ki67: a very large, ubiquitous nuclear protein with numerous repeated elements, representing a new kind of cell cycle-maintaining proteins. J. Cell Biol. 123:513–522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon-Assmann, P., M. Kedinger, J. F. Grenier, and K. Haffen. 1982. Control of brush border enzymes by dexamethasone in the foetal rat intestine cultured in vitro. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 1:257–265.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tata, J. R.. 1993. Gene expression during metamorphosis: an ideal model for post-embryonic development. Bioessays 15:239–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wall, A. J., W. R. J. Middleton, A. G. E. Pearse, and C. C. Booth. 1970. Intestinal mucosa hyperplasia following induced hyperthyroidism in the rat. Virchows Arch. 6:79–87.
   Google Scholar
• Weinberger, C., C. C. Thompson, E. S. Ong, R. Lebo, D. J. Gruol, and R. M. Evans. 1986. The c-erbA gene encodes a thyroid hormone receptor. Nature 324:641–646.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, G. R. Cloning and characterization of two novel thyroid hormone receptor b isoforms. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:8329–8342.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yeh, K. Y., and F. Moog. 1975. Development of the small intestine in the hypophysectomized rat. II. Influence of cortisone growth hormone and prolactin. Dev. Biol. 49:173–184.
   Google Scholar