Recombinational Telomere Elongation Promoted by DNA Circles

REFERENCES

• Baur, J. A., Y. Zou, J. W. Shay, and W. E. Wright. 2001. Telomere position effect in human cells. Science 292: 2075–2077.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, D. M., J. D. Fikes, and L. Guarente. 1991. A cDNA encoding a human CCAAT-binding protein cloned by functional complementation in yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 1968–1972.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bennett, C. B., A. L. Lewis, K. K. Baldwin, and M. A. Resnick. 1993. Lethality induced by a single site-specific double-strand break in a dispensable yeast plasmid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 5613–5617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biessmann, H., S. B. Carter, and J. M. Mason. 1990. Chromosome ends in Drosophila without telomeric DNA sequences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 1758–1761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biessmann, H., J. Donath, and M. F. Walter. 1996. Molecular characterization of the Anopheles gambiae 2L telomeric region via an integrated transgene. Insect Mol. Biol. 5: 11–20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blasco, M. A., H. W. Lee, M. P. Hande, E. Samper, P. M. Lansdorp, R. A. DePinho, and C. W. Greider. 1997. Telomere shortening and tumor formation by mouse cells lacking telomerase RNA. Cell 91: 25–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodnar, A. G., M. Ouellette, M. Frolkis, S. E. Holt, C. P. Chiu, G. B. Morin, C. B. Harley, J. W. Shay, S. Lichtsteiner, and W. E. Wright. 1998. Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells. Science 279: 349–352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosco, G., and J. E. Haber. 1998. Chromosome break-induced DNA replication leads to nonreciprocal translocations and telomere capture. Genetics 150: 1037–1047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan, T. M., A. Englezou, L. Dalla-Pozza, M. A. Dunham, and R. R. Reddel. 1997. Evidence for an alternative mechanism for maintaining telomere length in human tumors and tumor-derived cell lines. Nat. Med. 3: 1271–1274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan, T. M., A. Englezou, J. Gupta, S. Bacchetti, and R. R. Reddel. 1995. Telomere elongation in immortal human cells without detectable telomerase activity. EMBO J 14: 4240–4248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bucholc, M., Y. Park, and A. J. Lustig. 2001. Intrachromatid excision of telomeric DNA as a mechanism for telomere size control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21: 6559–6573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Q., A. Ijpma, and C. W. Greider. 2001. Two survivor pathways that allow growth in the absence of telomerase are generated by distinct telomere recombination events. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21: 1819–1827.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohn, M., and J. E. Edstrom. 1992. Telomere-associated repeats in Chironomus form discrete subfamilies generated by gene conversion. J. Mol. Evol 35: 114–122.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Lange, T. 1998. Length control of human telomeres. Cancer J. Sci. Am. 4(Suppl. 1): S22–S25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dunham, M. A., A. A. Neumann, C. L. Fasching, and R. R. Reddel. 2000. Telomere maintenance by recombination in human cells. Nat. Genet. 26: 447–450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fire, A., and S. Q. Xu. 1995. Rolling replication of short DNA circles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 4641–4645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottschling, D. E., O. M. Aparicio, B. L. Billington, and V. A. Zakian. 1990. Position effect at S. cerevisiae telomeres: reversible repression of Pol II transcription. Cell 63: 751–762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greider, C. W., and E. H. Blackburn. 1989. A telomeric sequence in the RNA of Tetrahymena telomerase required for telomere repeat synthesis. Nature 337: 331–337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harley, C. B., N. W. Kim, K. R. Prowse, S. L. Weinrich, K. S. Hirsch, M. D. West, S. Bacchetti, H. W. Hirte, C. M. Counter, C. W. Greider, et al. 1994. Telomerase, cell immortality, and cancer. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 59: 307–315.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hollingsworth, N. M., and B. Byers. 1989. HOP1: a yeast meiotic pairing gene. Genetics 121: 445–462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horowitz, H., and J. E. Haber. 1985. Identification of autonomously replicating circular subtelomeric Y′ elements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5: 2369–2380.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim, N. W., M. A. Piatyszek, K. R. Prowse, C. B. Harley, M. D. West, P. L. Ho, G. M. Coviello, W. E. Wright, S. L. Weinrich, and J. W. Shay. 1994. Specific association of human telomerase activity with immortal cells and cancer. Science 266: 2011–2015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le, S., J. K. Moore, J. E. Haber, and C. W. Greider. 1999. RAD50 and RAD51 define two pathways that collaborate to maintain telomeres in the absence of telomerase. Genetics 152: 143–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levis, R. W., R. Ganesan, K. Houtchens, L. A. Tolar, and F. M. Sheen. 1993. Transposons in place of telomeric repeats at a Drosophila telomere. Cell 75: 1083–1093.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lundblad, V., and E. H. Blackburn. 1993. An alternative pathway for yeast telomere maintenance rescues est1- senescence. Cell 73: 347–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundblad, V., and J. W. Szostak. 1989. A mutant with a defect in telomere elongation leads to senescence in yeast. Cell 57: 633–643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lustig, A. J. 1999. Crisis intervention: the role of telomerase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 3339–3341.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Malkova, A., E. L. Ivanov, and J. E. Haber. 1996. Double-strand break repair in the absence of RAD51 in yeast: a possible role for break-induced DNA replication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 7131–7136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClintock, B. 1942. The fusion of broken ends of chromosomes following nuclear fusion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 28: 458–463.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McEachern, M. J., D. H. Underwood, and E. H. Blackburn. 2002. Dynamics of telomeric DNA turnover in yeast. Genetics 160: 63–73.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McEachern, M. J., and E. H. Blackburn. 1996. Cap-prevented recombination between terminal telomeric repeat arrays (telomere CPR) maintains telomeres in Kluyveromyces lactis lacking telomerase. Genes Dev. 10: 1822–1834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEachern, M. J., and E. H. Blackburn. 1995. Runaway telomere elongation caused by telomerase RNA gene mutations. Nature 376: 403–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEachern, M. J., and S. Iyer. 2001. Short telomeres in yeast are highly recombinogenic. Mol. Cell 7: 695–704.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McEachern, M. J., S. Iyer, T. B. Fulton, and E. H. Blackburn. 2000. Telomere fusions caused by mutating the terminal region of telomeric DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 11409–11414.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McEachern, M. J., A. Krauskopf, and E. H. Blackburn. 2000. Telomeres and their control. Annu. Rev. Genet. 34: 331–358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morin, G. B. 1989. The human telomere terminal transferase enzyme is a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes TTAGGG repeats. Cell 59: 521–529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murnane, J. P., L. Sabatier, B. A. Marder, and W. F. Morgan. 1994. Telomere dynamics in an immortal human cell line. EMBO J. 13: 4953–4962.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naito, T., A. Matsuura, and F. Ishikawa. 1998. Circular chromosome formation in a fission yeast mutant defective in two ATM homologues. Nat. Genet. 20: 203–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura, T. M., J. P. Cooper, and T. R. Cech. 1998. Two modes of survival of fission yeast without telomerase. Science 282: 493–496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niida, H., Y. Shinkai, M. P. Hande, T. Matsumoto, S. Takehara, M. Tachibana, M. Oshimura, P. M. Lansdorp, and Y. Furuichi. 2000. Telomere maintenance in telomerase-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells: characterization of an amplified telomeric DNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20: 4115–4127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nimmo, E. R., A. L. Pidoux, P. E. Perry, and R. C. Allshire. 1998. Defective meiosis in telomere-silencing mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Nature 392: 825–828.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olovnikov, A. M. 1973. A theory of marginotomy. J. Theor. Biol. 41: 181–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pich, U., and I. Schubert. 1998. Terminal heterochromatin and alternative telomeric sequences in Allium cepa. Chromosome Res. 6: 315–321.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reddel, R. R., T. M. Bryan, L. M. Colgin, K. T. Perrem, and T. R. Yeager. 2001. Alternative lengthening of telomeres in human cells. Radiat. Res. 155: 194–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regev, A., S. Cohen, E. Cohen, I. Bar-Am, and S. Lavi. 1998. Telomeric repeats on small polydisperse circular DNA (spcDNA) and genomic instability. Oncogene 17: 3455–3461.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Runge, K. W., and V. A. Zakian. 1989. Introduction of extra telomeric DNA sequences into Saccharomyces cerevisiae results in telomere elongation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9: 1488–1497.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saiga, H., and J. E. Edstrom. 1985. Long tandem arrays of complex repeat units in Chironomus telomeres. EMBO J. 4: 799–804.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sandell, L. L., and V. A. Zakian. 1993. Loss of a yeast telomere: arrest, recovery, and chromosome loss. Cell 75: 729–739.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shay, J. W., and S. Bacchetti. 1997. A survey of telomerase activity in human cancer. Eur. J. Cancer 33: 787–791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer, M. S., and D. E. Gottschling. 1994. TLC1: template RNA component of Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomerase. Science 266: 404–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teng, S. C., and V. A. Zakian. 1999. Telomere-telomere recombination is an efficient bypass pathway for telomere maintenance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19: 8083–8093.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomaska, L., J. Nosek, A. M. Makhov, A. Pastorakova, and J. D. Griffith. 2000. Extragenomic double-stranded DNA circles in yeast with linear mitochondrial genomes: potential involvement in telomere maintenance. Nucleic Acids Res. 28: 4479–4487.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Traverse, K. L., and M. L. Pardue. 1988. A spontaneously opened ring chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster has acquired He-T DNA sequences at both new telomeres. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 8116–8120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzfati, Y., T. B. Fulton, J. Roy, and E. H. Blackburn. 2000. Template boundary in a yeast telomerase specified by RNA structure. Science 288: 863–867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Underwood, D. H., and M. J. McEachern. 2001. Totally mutant telomeres: single-step mutagenesis of tandem repeat DNA sequences. BioTechniques 30: 934–935, 938.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wray, L. V., M. M. Witte, R. C. Dickson, and M. I. Riley. 1987. Characterization of a positive regulatory gene, LAC9, that controls induction of the lactose-galactose regulon of Kluyveromyces lactis: structural and functional relationships to GAL4 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7: 1111–1121.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zakian, V. A. 1996. Structure, function, and replication of Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomeres. Annu. Rev. Genet. 30: 141–172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar