Cyclin D and cdk4 Are Required for Normal Development beyond the Blastula Stage in Sea Urchin Embryos

REFERENCES

• Audic, Y., B. Boyle, M. Slevin, and R. S. Hartley. 2001. Cyclin E morpholino delays embryogenesis in Xenopus. Genesis 30: 107–109.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ceol, C. J., and H. R. Horvitz. 2001. dpl-1 DP and elf-1 E2F act with lin-35 Rb to antagonize ras signaling in C. elegans vulval development. Mol. Cell 3: 461–474.
   Google Scholar
• Datar, S. A., H. W. Jacobs, A. F. De la Cruz, C. F. Lehner, and B. A. Edgar. 2000. The D. melanogaster cyclin D-Cdk4 complex promotes cellular growth. EMBO J. 19: 4543–4554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Nooij, J. C., M. A. Letendre, and I. K. Hariharan. 1996. A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, dacapo, is necessary for timely exit from the cell cycle during D. melanogaster embryogenesis. Cell 87: 1237–1247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diehl, J. A., M. G. Cheng, M. F. Roussel, and C. J. Sherr. 1998. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β regulates cyclin D1 proteolysis and subcellular localization. Genes Dev. 12: 3499–3511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diehl, J. A., F. Zindy, and C. J. Sherr. 1997. Inhibition of cyclin D1 phosphorylation on threonine-286 prevents its rapid degradation via the ubiquintin-proteasome pathway. Genes Dev. 11: 957–972.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowdy, S. F., P. W. Hinds, K. Louie, S. I. Reed, A. Arnold, and R. A. Weinberg. 1993. Physical interaction of the retinoblastoma protein with human D cyclins. Cell 73: 499–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du, W., and N. Dyson. 1999. The role of RBF in the introduction of G1 regulation during D. melanogaster embryogenesis. EMBO J. 18: 916–925.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Duronio, R. J., P. C. Bonnette, and P. H. O'Farrell. 1998. Mutations of the Drosophila dDP, dE2F, and cyclin E genes reveal distinct roles for the E2F-DP transcription factor and cyclin E during the G1-S transition. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18: 141–151.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Duronio, R. J., and P. H. O'Farrell. 1995. Developmental control of the G1 to S transition in D. melanogaster: cyclin E is a limiting downstream target of E2F. Genes Dev. 9: 1456–1468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duronio, R. J., P. H. O'Farrell, J.-E. Xie, A. Brook, and N. Dyson. 1995. The transcription factor E2F is required for S phase during D. melanogaster embryogenesis. Genes Dev. 9: 1445–1455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edelmann, L., L. X. Zheng, Z. F. Wang, W. F. Marzluff, G. M. Wessel, and G. Childs. 1998. The TATA binding protein in the sea urchin embryo is maternally derived. Dev. Biol. 204: 293–304.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Edgar, B. A. 1994. Cell cycle. Cell-cycle control in a developmental context. Curr. Biol. 4: 522–524.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Edgar, B. A., and S. A. Datar. 1996. Zygotic degradation of two maternal Cdc25 mRNAs terminates D. melanogaster's early cell cycle program. Genes Dev. 10: 1966–1977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edgar, B. A., and C. F. Lehner. 1996. Developmental control of cell cycle regulators: a fly's perspective. Science 274: 1646–1652.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Edgar, B. A., F. Sprenger, R. J. Duronio, P. Leopold, and P. H. O'Farrell. 1994. Distinct molecular mechanism regulate cell cycle timing at successive stages of D. melanogaster embryogenesis. Genes Dev. 8: 440–452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewen, M. E., H. K. Sluss, C. J. Sherr, H. Matsushime, J. Kato, and D. M. Livingston. 1993. Functional interactions of the retinoblastoma protein with mammalian D-type cyclins. Cell 73: 487–497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fantl, V., G. Stamp, A. Andrews, I. Rosewell, and C. Dickson. 1995. Mice lacking cyclin D1 are small and show defects in eye and mammary gland development. Genes Dev. 9: 2364–2372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutierrez, C., Z.-S. Guo, W. Burhans, M. L. DePamphilis, J. Farrell-Towt, and G. Ju. 1988. Is c-Myc protein directly involved in DNA replication? Science 240: 1202–1202.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamel, P. A., B. L. Gallie, and R. A. Phillips. 1992. The retinoblastoma protein and cell cycle regulation. Trends Genet. 8: 180–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, P. J. 1986. Cytology and immunocytochemistry. Methods Cell Biol. 27: 243–262.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hartley, R. S., R. E. Rempel, and J. L. Maller. 1996. In vivo regulation of the early embryonic cell cycle in Xenopus. Dev. Biol. 173: 408–419.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hartley, R. S., J. C. Sible, A. L. Lewellyn, and J. L. Maller. 1997. A role for cyclin E/Cdk2 in the timing of the midblastula transition in Xenopus embryos. Dev. Biol. 188: 312–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, Y., R. Roy, and V. Ambros. 1998. Developmental regulation of a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor controls postembryonic cell cycle progression in Caenorhabditis elegans. Development 125: 3585–3597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard, E. W., L. A. Newman, D. W. Oleksyn, R. C. Angerer, and L. M. Angerer. 2001. SpKrl: a direct target of β-catenin regulation required for endoderm differentiation in sea urchin embryos. Development 128: 365–375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howe, J. A., and J. W. Newport. 1996. A developmental timer regulates degradation of cyclin E1 at the midblastula transition during Xenopus embryogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 2060–2064.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jarvis, J. W., and W. F. Marzluff. 1989. The early and late sea urchin histone H4 mRNAs respond differently to inhibitors of DNA synthesis. Dev. Biol. 132: 325–330.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jenkins, C. W., and Y. Xiong. 1995. Immunoprecipitations and immunoblotting in cell cycle studies, p. 250–263. In M. Pagano (ed.), Cell cycle: materials and methods. Springer-Verlag, New York, N.Y.
   Google Scholar
• Kato, J., H. Matsushime, S. W. Hiebert, M. E. Ewen, and C. J. Sherr. 1993. Direct binding of cyclin D to the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb) and pRb phosphorylation by the cyclin D-dependent kinase CDK4. Genes Dev. 7: 331–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi, H., E. Stewart, R. Poon, J. P. Adamczewski, J. Gannon, and T. Hunt. 1992. Identification of the domains in cyclin A required for binding to, and activation of, p34cdc2 and p32cdk2 protein kinase subunits. Mol. Biol. Cell 3: 1279–1294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosterin, O. E., V. S. Bogdanova, F. L. Gorel, S. M. Rozov, Y. A. Trusov, and V. A. Berdnikov. 1994. Histone H1 of the garden pea (Pisum sativum L.); composition, developmental changes, allelic polymorphism and inheritance. Plant Sci. 101: 189–202.
   Google Scholar
• Laidlaw, M., and G. M. Wessel. 1994. Cortical granule biogenesis is active throughout oogenesis in sea urchins. Development 120: 1325–1333.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lane, M. E., K. Sauer, K. Wallace, Y. N. Jan, C. F. Lehner, and H. Vaessin. 1996. Dacapo, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, stops cell proliferation during D. melanogaster development. Cell 87: 1225–1235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, X. W., and H. R. Horvitz. 1998. lin-35 and lin-53, two genes that antagonize a C. elegans Ras pathway, encode proteins similar to Rb and its binding protein RbAp48. Cell 95: 981–991.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mao, C. A., A. H. Wikramanayake, L. Gan, C. K. Chuang, R. G. Summers, and W. H. Klein. 1996. Altering cell fates in sea urchin embryos by overexpressing SpOtx, an orthodenticle-related protein. Development 122: 1489–1498.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matsushime, H., M. F. Roussel, R. A. Ashmun, and C. J. Sherr. 1991. Colony-stimulating factor 1 regulates novel cyclins during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Cell 65: 701–713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matushansky, I., F. Radparvar, and A. I. Skoultchi. 2000. Manipulating the onset of cell cycle withdrawal in differentiated erythroid cells with cyclin-dependent kinases and inhibitors. Blood 96: 2755–2764.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matushansky, I., F. Radparvar, and A. I. Skoultchi. 2000. Reprogramming leukemic cells to terminal differentiation by inhibiting specific cyclin-dependent kinases in G1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 14317–14322.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meyer, C. A., H. W. Jacobs, S. A. Datar, W. Du, B. A. Edgar, and C. F. Lehner. 2000. D. melanogaster Cdk4 is required for normal growth and is dispensable for cell cycle progression. EMBO J. 19: 4533–4542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyerson, M., and E. Harlow. 1994. Identification of G1 kinase activity for cdk6, a novel cyclin D partner. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14: 2077–2086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreau, J. L., F. Marques, A. Barakat, P. Schatt, J. C. Lozano, G. Peaucellier, A. Picard, and A. M. Genevière. 1998. Cdk2 activity is dispensable for the onset of DNA replication during the first mitotic cycles of the sea urchin early embryo. Dev. Biol. 200: 182–197.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morgan, D. O. 1995. Principles of CDK regulation. Nature 374: 131–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page, B. D., S. Guedes, D. Waring, and J. R. Priess. 2001. The C. elegans E2F- and DP-related proteins are required for embryonic asymmetry and negatively regulate Ras/MAPK signaling. Mol. Cell 7: 451–460.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Palazzo, R. E., and J. V. Vogel. 1999. Isolation of centrosomes from Spisula solidissima oocytes. Methods Cell Biol. 61: 35–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, M., and M. W. Krause. 1999. Regulation of postembryonic G1 cell cycle progression in Caenorhabditis elegans by a cyclin D/CDK-like complex. Development 126: 4849–4860.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ransick, A., S. Ernst, R. J. Britten, and E. H. Davidson. 1993. Whole mount in situ hybridization shows Endo 16 to be a marker for the vegetal plate territory in sea urchin embryos. Mech. Dev. 42: 117–124.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Royzman, I., A. J. Whittaker, and T. L. Orr-Weaver. 1997. Mutations in D. melanogaster DP and E2F distinguish G1-S progression from an associated transcriptional program. Genes Dev. 11: 1999–2011.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Serrano, M., G. J. Hannon, and D. Beach. 1993. A new regulatory motif in cell cycle control cawith specific inhibition of cyclin D/CDK4. Nature 366: 704–707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, X. T., G. Mizuguchi, A. Hamiche, and C. Wu. 2000. A chromatin remodelling complex involved in transcription and DNA processing. Nature 406: 541–544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherr, C. J., and J. M. Roberts. 1999. CDK inhibitors: positive and negative regulators of G1-phase progression. Genes Dev. 13: 1501–1512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sicinski, P., J. L. Donaher, Y. Geng, S. B. Parker, H. Gardner, M. Y. Park, R. L. Robker, J. S. Richards, L. K. McGinnis, J. D. Biggers, J. J. Eppig, R. T. Bronson, S. J. Elledge, and R. A. Weinberg. 1996. Cyclin D2 is an FSH-responsive gene involved in gonadal cell proliferation and oncogenesis. Nature 384: 470–474.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumerel, J. L., J. C. Moore, B. J. Schnackenberg, J. A. Nichols, J. C. Canman, G. M. Wessel, and W. F. Marzluff. 2001. Cyclin E and its associated cdk activity do not cycle during early embryogenesis of the sea urchin. Dev. Biol. 234: 425–440.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Summerton, J., and D. Weller. 1997. Morpholino antisense oligomers: design, preparation, and properties. Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev. 7: 187–195.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taieb, F., I. Chartrain, S. Chevalier, O. Haccard, and C. Jessus. 1997. Cyclin D2 arrests Xenopus early embryonic cell cycles. Exp. Cell Res. 237: 338–346.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang, Z.-F., T. C. Ingledue, Z. Dominski, R. Sanchez, and W. F. Marzluff. 1999. Two Xenopus proteins that bind the 3′ end of histone mRNA: implications for translational control of histone synthesis during oogenesis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19: 835–845.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weinberg, R. A. 1995. The retinoblastoma protein and cell cycle control. Cell 81: 323–330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wianny, F., F. X. Real, C. L. Mummery, M. Van Rooijen, J. Lahti, J. Samarut, and P. Savatier. 1998. G1-phase regulators, cyclin D1, cyclin D2, and cyclin D3: up-regulation at gastrulation and dynamic expression during neurulation. Dev. Dyn. 212: 49–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Won, K. A., Y. Xiong, D. Beach, and M. Z. Gilman. 1992. Growth-regulated expression of D-type cyclin genes in human diploid fibroblasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 9910–9914.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiong, Y., T. Connolly, B. Futcher, and D. Beach. 1991. Human D-type cyclin. Cell 65: 691–699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiong, Y., H. Zhang, and D. Beach. 1993. Subunit rearrangement of the cyclin-dependent kinases is associated with cellular transformation. Genes Dev. 7: 1572–1583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar