Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Stimulated c-myc RNA Accumulation in MG-63 Human Osteosarcoma Cells Is Independent of Both Protein Kinase A and Protein Kinase C

Literature Cited

• Armelin, H. A., M. C. S., Armelin, K., KeUy, T., Stewart, P., Leder, B. H., Cochran, and C. D. Stiles 1984. Functional role for c-myc in mitogenic response to platelet-derived growth factor. Nature (London) 310: 655-660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentley, D. G., and M. Groudine 1988. Sequence requirements for premature termination of transcription in the human c-myc gene. Cell 53: 245-256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berridge, M. J., J. P., Heslop, R. F., Irvine, and K. D. Brown 1984. Inositol triphosphate formation and calcium mobilization in Swiss 3T3 cells in response to platelet-derived growth factor. Biochem. J. 222: 195-201.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Billiau, A., V. G., Edy, H., Heremans, J., Van Damme, J., Desmyter, J. A., Georgiades, and P. De Somer 1977. Human interferon: mass production in a newly established cell line, MG-63. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 12: 11-15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishayee, S., A. H., Ross, R., Womer, and C. D. Scher 1986. Purified human platelet-derived growth factor receptor has ligand-stimulated tyrosine kinase activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 6756-6760.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackshear, P. J., L. A., Witters, P. R., Girard, J. F., Kuo, and S. N. Quamo 1985. Growth factor-stimulated protein phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 260: 13304-13315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chirgwin, J. M., A. E., Przbyla, R. J., MacDonald, and W. J. Rutter 1979. Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry. 24: 5294-5299.
   Google Scholar
• Coughlin, S. R., W. M. F., Lee, P. W., Williams, G. M., Giels, and L. T. Williams 1985. c-myc gene expression is stimulated by agents that activate protein kinase C and does not account for the mitogenic effect of PDGF. Cell 43: 243-251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dere, W. H., H., Hirayu, and B. Rapoport 1985. TSH and cAMP enhance expression of the myc proto-oncogene in cultured thyroid cells. Endocrinology 117: 2249-2251.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eick, D., R., Berger, A., Polack, and G. W. Bornkamm 1987. Transcription of c-myc in human mononuclear cells is regulated by an elongation block. Oncogene 2: 61-65.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Endo, T., and B. Nadal-Ginard 1986. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of c-myc during myogenesis. Its mRNA remains inducible in differentiated cells and does not suppress the differentiated phenotype. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6: 1412-1421.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Feinberg, A. P., and B. Vogelstein 1983. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to a high specific activity. Anal. Biochem. 136: 6-13.
   Google Scholar
• Frick, K. K., R. B., Womer, and C. D. Scher 1988. Platelet- derived growth factor-induced c-myc RNA expression. Analysis of an inducible pathway independent of protein kinase C. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 2948-2952.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilman, A. G. 1984. G proteins and dual control of adenylate cyclase. Cell 36: 577-579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg, M. E., and E. B. Ziff 1984. Stimulation of 3T3 cells induces transcription of the c-fos proto-oncogene. Nature (London) 311: 433-438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habenicht, A. J. R., D. A., Glomset, W. C., King, C., Nise, C. D., Mitchell, and R. Ross 1981. Early changes in phosphatidylino- sitol and arachidonic acid metabolism in quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells stimulated to divide by platelet-derived growth factor. J. Biol. Chem. 256: 12329-12335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, D. J., and C. D. Stiles 1987. Platelet-derived growth factor-inducible competence genes respond differentially to at least two distinct intracellular second messengers. J. Biol. Chem. 262: 15302-15308.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heremans, H., A., Billiau, J. J., Cassiman, J. C., Mulier, and P. De Somer 1978. In vitro cultivation of human tumor tissue: morphological and virological characterization of three lines. Oncology 35: 246-252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoshi, T., S. S., Garber, and R. W. Aid rich 1988. Effect of forskolin on voltage-gated K+ channels is independent of adenylate cyclase activation. Science 240: 1652-1655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kacich, R. L., L. T., Williams, and S. R. Coughlin 1988. Arachidonic acid and cyclic adenosine monophosphate stimulation of c-fos expression by a pathway independent of phorbol ester-sensitive protein kinase C. Mol. Endocrinol. 2: 73-77.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaczmarek, L., J. K., Hyland, R., Watt, M., Rosenberg, and R. Baserga 1985. Microinjected c-myc as a competence factor. Science 228: 1313-1315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaibuchi, K., Y., Takai, and Y. Nishizuka 1981. Cooperative roles of various membrane phospholipids in the activation of calcium-activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 256: 7146-7149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaibuchi, K., T., Tsuda, A., Kibuchi, T., Tanimoto, T., Yamashita, and Y. Takai 1986. Possible involvement of protein kinase C and calcium ion in growth factor-induced expression of c-myc oncogene in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 1187-1192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KeUy, K., B. H., Cochran, C. D., Stiles, and P. Leder 1983. Cell-specific regulation of the c-myc gene by lymphocyte mitogens and platelet-derived growth factor. Cell 35: 603-610.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khalili, K., and R. Weinmann 1984. Shut-off of actin biosynthesis in adenovirus serotype-2-infected cells. J. Mol. Biol. 175: 453-468.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laurenza, A., Y., Khandelwal, N. J., De Souza, R. H., Rupp, H., Metzger, and K. B. Seamon 1987. Stimulation of adenylate cyclase by water-soluble analogues of forskolin. Mol. Pharmacol. 32: 133-139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefkowitz, R. J., J. M., Stadel, and M. G. Caron 1983. Adenylate cyclase-coupled beta-adrenergic receptors: structure and mechanisms of activation and desensitization. Annu. Rev. Bio- chem. 52: 159-186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindsten, T., C. H., June, and C. B. Thompson 1988. Multiple mechanisms regulate c-myc gene expression during normal T cell activation. EMBO J. 7: 2787-2794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mechti, N., M., Piechaczyk, J.-M., Blanchard, L., Marty, A., Bonnieu, P., Jeanteur, and B. Lebleu 1986. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of c-myc expression during the differentiation of murine erythroleukemia Friend cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 14: 9653-9666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehmet, H., J., Sinnett-Smith, J. P., Moore, G. I., Evan, and E. Rozengurt 1988. Differential induction of c-fos and c-myc by cyclic AMP in Swiss 3T3 cells: significance for the mitogenic response. Oncogene Res. 3: 281-286.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nepveu, A., R. A., Levine, J., Campisi, M. E., Greenburg, E. B., Ziff, and K. B. Marcu 1987. Alternative modes of c-myc regulation in growth factor-stimulated and differentiating cells. Oncogene 1: 243-250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nepveu, A., K. B., Marcu, A. I., Skoultchi, and H. M. Lachman 1987. Contributions of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms to the regulation of c-myc expression in mouse erythroleukemia cells. Genes Dev. 1: 938-945.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pledger, W. J., C. D., Stiles, H. N., Antoniades, and C. D. Scher 1977. Induction of DNA synthesis in BALB/c-3T3 cells by serum components: reevaluation of the commitment process. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74: 4481-4485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ran, W., M., Dean, R. A., Levine, C., Henkle, and J. Campisi 1986. Induction of c-fos and c-myc mRNA by epidermal growth factor or calcium ionophore is cAMP dependent. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 1-5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reuse, S., P. P., Roger, G., Vassart, and J. E. Dumont 1986. Enhancement of c-myc mRNA concentration in dog thyrocytes initiating DNA synthesis in response to thyrotropin, forskolin, epidermal growth factor and phorbol myristate ester. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 141: 1066-1076.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rozengurt, E., P., Stroobant, M. D., Waterfield, T. F., Deuel, and M. Keehan 1983. Platelet-derived growth factor elicits cyclic AMP accumulation in Swiss 3T3 cells: role of prostaglandin production. Cell 34: 265-272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schramm, M., G., Neufeld, Y., Citri, J., Kirilovsky, and S. Steiner 1984. Reconstitution of partial reactions requiring the beta- adrenergic receptor and the specific response to binding of the agonist. Adv. Cyclic Nucleotide Res. 17: 29-35.
   Google Scholar
• Seamon, K. B., and J. W. Daly 1986. Forskolin, its biological and chemical properties. Adv. Cyclic Nucleotide Protein Phosphorylation Res. 20: 1-150.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seamon, K. B., J. W., Daly, H., Metzger, N. J., de Souza, and J. Reden 1983. Structure-activity relationships for activation of adenylate cyclase by the diterpene forskolin and its derivatives. J. Med. Chem. 26: 436-439.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Siegel, L. I., and E. Bresnick 1986. Northern hybridization analysis of RNA using diethylpyrocarbonate-treated nonfat milk. Anal. Biochem. 159: 82-87.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stryer, L., and H. R. Bourne 1986. G proteins: a family of signal transducers. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 2: 391-419.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suggs, S. V., R. B., Wallace, T., Hirose, G. H., Kawashima, and K. Itakura 1981. Use of synthetic oligonucleotides as hybridization probes: isolation of cloned cDNA sequences for human β2-microglobulin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78: 6613-6617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, P. S. 1980. Hybridization of denatured RNA and small DNA fragments transferred to nitrocellulose. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77: 5201-5205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tramontane, D., W. W., Chin, A. C., Moses, and S. H. Ingbar 1986. Thyrotropin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP increase levels of c-myc and c-fos mRNAs in cultured rat thyroid cells. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 3919-3922.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wagoner, P. K., and B. S. Pallotta 1988. Modulation of acetylcholine receptor desensitization by forskolin is independent of cAMP. Science 240: 1655-1657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watt, R., L. W., Stanton, K. B., Marcu, R. C., Gallo, C. M., Croce, and G. Rovera 1983. Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA of human c-myc oncogene. Nature (London) 303: 725-728.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wharton, W., E. B., Leof, N., Olashaw, H. S., Earp, and W. J. Pledger 1982. Increases in cyclic AMP potentiate competence formation in BALB/c-3T3 cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 111: 201-206.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• White, B. A., and F. C. Bancroft 1982. Cytoplasmic dot hybridization: simple analysis of relative mRNA levels in multiple small cell or tissue samples. J. Biol. Chem. 257: 8569-8572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Womer, R. B., K., Frick, C. D., Mitchell, A. H., Ross, S., Bishayee, and C. D. Scher 1987. PDGF induces c-myc RNA expression in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells but does not stimulate cell replication. J. Cell. Physiol. 132: 65-72.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar